The caprine oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

The caprine oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve has not been previously defined. Blood from 10 healthy goats was equilibrated in a tonometer with calibrated gas mixtures of oxygen at concentrations of 95%, 21%, 13%, 12%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 5%, 4%, and 2.5% , 5% carbon dioxide, balance nitrogen. The pH, partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), total hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin saturation, carboxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, and oxygen content were measured. The PO2/oxyhemoglobin and the PO2/oxygen content relationships were graphed with curve-fitting software and a formula for calculating oxyhemoglobin from PO2 was generated. The maximum oxygen content per gram of hemoglobin was 1.29 ml of oxygen per gram of hemoglobin. The PO2 at which hemoglobin was 50% saturated (P50) from the PO2/oxyhemoglobin relationship was 28.6+/-1.5 mmHg and that from the PO2/oxygen content relationships was 29.1+/-1.6 mmHg. The Hill coefficient for the PO2/oxyhemoglobin data was 3.0+/-0.4.     

3种半数致死浓度计算方法之比较

通过对寇氏法、概率单位法及线性回归法等3种半数致死浓度(50%lethal concentration,LC50)计算方法的阐述,比较了其基本公式与操作方法等。结果表明不同时间的半数致死浓度均依线性回归法、寇氏法、概率单位法的顺序逐步升高,但差异性不显著(P>0.05)。在操作上,概率单位法和线性回归较寇氏法更容易掌握。     

莲雾不同种的低温半致死温度及抗冷适应性

以叶片和成熟枝条为试材,应用电导法测定莲雾在不同低温下细胞膜透性的变化,配合Logistic方程求出低温半致死温度(LT50),评价6个莲雾种在不同降温时期的抗冷性,及同一时期不同部位的抗冷性,并结合露地栽培越冬表现进行验证。结果表明,在自然降温过程中,6个莲雾种的低温半致死温度均随气温的下降而不断降低,但下降幅度因种而异,1.69～2.97℃不等。6个种抗冷性由强到弱排序依次为水蒲桃>本地种>粉红种>紫红种>青色种>印度红。2 a生枝条的抗冷力最强,明显比叶片耐冷。冬季越冬表现与1月半致死温度测定结果基本一致,表明半致死温度可作为莲雾抗冷性评价的一个可靠指标。长时间低温加上霜冻,使露地栽培本地种、粉红种、紫红种的叶片和部分嫩梢受冷害,而印度红、青色种不能越冬成活。     

乙型脑炎病毒荧光定量PCR的建立及对病毒体外复制动态的研究

根据乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)NS3基因保守序列设计并合成一对引物,以构建的重组质粒作为阳性标准品,建立了一种敏感、特异、重复性好的快速检测JEV的SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR方法.该方法在1.92×108～1.92×101拷贝/μL范围内具有良好的线性关系,可检测到初始模板中19拷贝/μL的病毒核酸,敏感性是常规RT-PCR方法的10倍;检测时间缩短了50％,该方法不与其它猪源病毒发生交叉反应;在重复性试验中,批间、批内变异系数均小于1.2％.应用本方法对JEV在BHK-21细胞上繁殖滴度进行定量检测,绘制JEV在BHK-21细胞上的一步生长曲线,并与TCID50方法绘制的复制动态曲线进行比较.结果显示,两种方法测定的JEV在BHK-21细胞上的复制动态具有一定的平行关系,对于制备灭活疫苗而言,荧光定量PCR方法更快速和敏感,所测得的抗原含量更精确,有利于企业机动灵活地安排生产.     

Genomewide association for a dominant pigmentation gene in sheep

Most published genomewide association studies (GWAS) in sheep have investigated recessively inherited monogenic traits. The objective here was to assess the feasibility of performing GWAS for a dominant trait for which the genetic basis was already known. A total of 42 Manchega and Rasa Aragonesa sheep that segregate solid black or white coat pigmentation were genotyped using the SNP50 BeadChip. Previous analysis in Manchegas demonstrated a complete association between the pigmentation trait and alleles of the MC1R gene, setting an a priori expectation for GWAS. Multiple methods were used to identify and quantify the strength of population substructure between black and white animals, before allelic association testing was performed for 49 034 SNPs. Following correction for substructure, GWAS identified the most strongly associated SNP (s26449) was also the closest to the MC1R gene. The finding was strongly supported by the permutation tree‐based random forest (RF) analysis. Importantly, GWAS identified unlinked SNP with only slightly lower p‐values than for s26449. Random forest analysis indicated these were false positives, suggesting interpretation based on both approaches was beneficial. The results indicate that a combined analytical approach can be successful in studies where a modest number of animals are available and substantial population stratification exists.     

几种农药对桑椹小粒性菌核病的防治效果试验

桑椹菌核病是果用桑树的重要病害,为高效、安全控制该病对桑果生产的危害,进行了大田农药防治筛选试验。结果表明,70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂500倍液、50%多菌灵-硫磺粉剂500倍液和1 000倍液对桑椹小粒性菌核病具有较好的防治效果,且对桑叶和桑椹无明显药害;70%甲基托布津粉剂1 000倍液、25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油1 500倍和3 000倍液以及40%嘧霉胺粉剂1 000倍液也有一定的防治效果。     

Chemically and genetically immunocompromised mice are not more susceptible than immunocompetent mice to infection with Cryptosporidium muris

The prevailing paradigm is that immunosuppressed individuals are more susceptible to infection and are at higher risk of infection from Cryptosporidium oocysts if present in drinking water. To test this hypothesis, three immune conditions were examined: genetically immunocompromised T cell deficient CD-1 nude mice, B and T cell deficient Fox Chase CB-17/IcrClB SCID mice, and chemically immunosuppressed C57Bl/6 mice. Chemical immunosuppression was induced with a single subcutaneous injection of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) at 600 mg/kg. The MPA immunosuppressed C57Bl/6 mice were characterized by a sustained decrease in circulating CD3, CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes of greater than 80% and a similar decrease in B-lymphocytes. A sharp rise in circulating mature segmented neutrophils followed MPA injection, dropping sharply after 10-14 days, mirroring the decrease in lymphocytes. The cessation of oocyst production after MPA was not accompanied by a radical rise in circulating CD3 or CD4 T-lymphocytes, but rather a rise in CD8 T-lymphocytes. The ID50 for the MPA immunosuppressed C57Bl/6 mice was 122 oocysts, whereas the ID50 for the C57Bl/6 immunocompetent group was 44. The genetically immunocompromised mice showed similar differences. The ID50 for CD-1 nude mice was 166 oocysts compared to 64 in CD-1 immunocompetent mice. For Fox Chase CB-17/IcrClB SCID and the immunocompetent CB-17 mice, the ID50's were 83 and 60 oocysts, respectively. These results suggest that the lack of an immune response does not increase the ability of C. muris to establish a productive infection and produce oocysts.     

食物颗粒和非食物颗粒对苏云金杆菌以色列亚种生物活性的影响

以埃及伊蚊幼虫为材料,比较了食物和非食物颗粒对苏云金杆菌以色列亚种致病能力的影响,结果表明：食物和非食物性颗粒皆能显著提高伊蚊幼虫对苏云金芽胞杆菌以及色列亚种商品制剂的抵抗力,颗粒物的这种作用与其营养功能无关。     

超氧化物歧化酶在苜蓿抗寒锻炼过程中的作用

对苜蓿Medicago sativa抗寒锻炼过程中膜透性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性进行测定,通过苜蓿组织冰冻半致死温度(LT50)说明在抗寒锻炼过程中苜蓿抗寒性的变化。结果表明,在不同低温处理下,苜蓿叶片和根茎组织电解质透出率呈现出S型曲线变化。抗寒锻炼过程中,苜蓿组织LT50从9月初的-6.9℃下降到11月初的-15.6℃,下降了8.7℃。随着秋季气温的下降,苜蓿叶片SOD活性显著增加,11月上旬达到最高峰,此后显著下降。这说明SOD在抗寒锻炼过程中起着重要的保护作用,当苜蓿获得抗寒能力后,SOD活性逐渐下降。在抗寒锻炼过程中,苜蓿根茎SOD活性的变化与叶片中SOD活性的变化规律不一致,苜蓿根茎中SOD活性水平显著高于叶片中的SOD活性水平。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析结果显示,不同苜蓿品种具有6条共同的SOD同工酶酶带。适应高寒地区气候条件的当地材料同德杂种苜蓿表现出与其他苜蓿品种较大的特异性。抑制试验表明苜蓿SOD为CuZn-SOD。     

猪轮状病毒四川株的分离鉴定及增殖规律

为了解猪轮状病毒（PoRV）在MARC-145细胞系上的培养特性及增殖规律,本试验利用MARC-145细胞,从四川仔猪腹泻样品中分离到1株PoRV,并通过PCR检测、病毒理化实验与微量中和实验证实,命名为SC-R株。用含不同浓度胰酶营养液培养SC-R株48h后,分别收集病毒液进行定量分析;同时,以SC-R分离株感染MARC-145细胞,在感染后不同时间分别收集感染病毒液,利用PoRV荧光定量检测方法对不同样品中病毒RNA进行定量分析,绘制PoRV生长曲线。结果表明,用含3％胰酶营养液培养的细胞液中PoRV的RNA含量明显高于其他组;-步生长曲线显示细胞外病毒RNA含量呈“s型”曲线增长,感染后0～8h为潜伏期,病毒RNA含量维持在较低水平;8～36h为突破期,病毒RNA含量呈对数增长;感染48h增长速度减缓,维持在较高水平,逐步进入稳定期。胰酶可增加PoRV对细胞的感染性,3％是本试验最为适用的胰酶浓度;PoRV感染MARC-145后在细胞内增殖并逐步释到细胞外。