乙型脑炎病毒荧光定量PCR的建立及对病毒体外复制动态的研究

根据乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)NS3基因保守序列设计并合成一对引物,以构建的重组质粒作为阳性标准品,建立了一种敏感、特异、重复性好的快速检测JEV的SYBR Green I荧光定量PCR方法.该方法在1.92×108～1.92×101拷贝/μL范围内具有良好的线性关系,可检测到初始模板中19拷贝/μL的病毒核酸,敏感性是常规RT-PCR方法的10倍;检测时间缩短了50％,该方法不与其它猪源病毒发生交叉反应;在重复性试验中,批间、批内变异系数均小于1.2％.应用本方法对JEV在BHK-21细胞上繁殖滴度进行定量检测,绘制JEV在BHK-21细胞上的一步生长曲线,并与TCID50方法绘制的复制动态曲线进行比较.结果显示,两种方法测定的JEV在BHK-21细胞上的复制动态具有一定的平行关系,对于制备灭活疫苗而言,荧光定量PCR方法更快速和敏感,所测得的抗原含量更精确,有利于企业机动灵活地安排生产.     

皖麦50分蘖成穗的综合分析

[目的]为皖麦50的推广种植提供理论依据。[方法]通过田间试验对不同种植密度和不同产量水平下皖麦50群体的分蘖动态进行了综合分析。[结果]皖麦50冬前单株茎数与叶龄的回归方程为Y=0．1531e0.6199x;冬前出叶数与总积温的回归方程为z=1．199 10.0042∑1;冬前单株分蘖数与积温的回归方程为y=0．01531e0.01281∑τ;穗粒数和穗粒重与单株穗数的回归方程分别为y1=36．20＋1．7546x和y2=1．390＋0．0682x;株高与蘖住高度的回归方程为y=87．6054—1．9791x。当B基本苗为170万～220万／hm2,冬前单株分蘖数为5．5～6．5,群体总头数为950万-1050万／h2,单株成穗数为3．8,总穗数为632．91万／hm2时,皖麦50群体协调、高产。当有效穗数为600万一675万／hm2,穗粒数为33～35粒,千粒重为40～42g时,皖麦50的产量在7500kg／hm2以上。[结论]该品种高产稳产且易干蔷培营弹．在．准北抽．区及苦淮南片砉区有宦辑的庸用莆号．     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒超滤浓缩对其TCID_(50)的影响

采用Millipore公司的Mini pellicon超滤系统对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)毒液进行了浓缩试验,膜堆(PES)的分子量分别为5,8,10,30和50 ku。结果显示,不同孔径的膜堆其浓缩抗原液的TCID50皆随浓缩倍数逐步上升,透过液的TCID50全部为0,截留率为100%。表明采用浓缩工艺对PRRSV细胞培养液进行适当浓缩,可有效提高抗原浓度。     

高CO2和纯N2冲击处理对板栗货架期品质变化的影响

以‘燕昌’板栗为试材,研究了经180d冷藏的板栗出库前分别用50％CO2和纯N2冲击处理对板栗货架期品质的影响。结果表明：50％CO2和纯N2处理对板栗货架期内糖代谢有显著影响,对蛋白质代谢影响不大。50％CO2处理5d以及纯N2处理5d和10d有利于板栗淀粉的保存。50％CO2处理可明显降低板栗的发芽率和腐烂率,货架期结束时,冲击处理5d和10d的板栗发芽率分别为2．07％和3．65％,显著低于对照(18．06％),腐烂率均为2．67％,显著低于对照(5．33％),而纯N2处理则显著促进板栗发芽,且不能有效控制腐烂的发生。研究证明：50％CO2冲击处理5d既能使板栗保持较好的货架期品质,又能显著抑制发芽及腐烂。     

Antiproliferative activity of Saponaria vaccaria constituents and related compounds

Total methanolic extracts of Saponaria vaccaria seed derived from several varieties, as well as various purified components obtained through successive chromatographic separations of total extracts were evaluated for their growth inhibitory activity in WiDr (colon), MDA-MB-231 (breast), NCI-417 (lung) and PC-3 (prostate) human cancer cells as well as the non-tumorigenic fibroblast BJ (CRL-2522) cell line using MTT colorimetric assay. Purified bisdesmosidic saponins segetoside H and I were further examined using microscopy and apoptosis assays. Bisdesmosidic saponins exhibited dose-dependent growth inhibitory and selective apoptosis-inducing activity. Growth inhibitory effects were particularly strong in a breast (MDA-MB-231) and a prostate (PC-3) cancer cell line. Total extracts exhibited a different preference being most active against a colon cancer cell line (WiDr). In a comparison of varieties, all of the total seed extracts exhibited similar dose-dependent activities, but with some variation in potency. Monodesmosidic saponins vaccarosides A and B, phenolic vaccarin, and cyclopeptide segetalin A, co-occurring seed substituents, did not exhibit activity. The non-tumorigenic fibroblast cell line BJ (CRL 2522) was growth inhibited but did not undergo apoptosis when treated with bisdesmosidic saponins at low micromolar concentrations. Saponin-rich extracts from Kochia scoparia seed and Chenopodium quinoa were also evaluated alongside Saponaria saponins but did not exhibit activity. Closely related Quillaja saponins exhibited activity but were less potent.     

Autumn growth and cold hardening of winter wheat under simulated climate change

Abstract

Plant responses to elevated CO₂ are governed by temperature, and at low temperatures the beneficial effects of CO₂ may be lost. To document the responses of winter cereals grown under cold conditions at northern latitudes, autumn growth of winter wheat exposed to ambient and elevated levels of temperature (+2.5°C), CO₂ (+150 µmol mol^?1), and shade (?30%) was studied in open-top chambers under low light and at low temperatures. Throughout the experiment, temperature dominated plant responses, while the effects of CO₂ were marginal, except for a positive effect on root biomass. Increased temperature resulted in increased leaf area, total biomass, total root biomass, total stem biomass, and number of tillers, but also a lower content of total sugars and a weaker tolerance to frost. The loss of frost tolerance was related to the larger size of plants grown at elevated temperature. The 30% light reduction under shading did not affect the growth, sugar content, or frost tolerance of winter wheat. At the low temperatures found at high latitudes during autumn, the atmospheric CO₂ increase is unlikely to enhance autumn growth of winter wheat to any significant extent, while a temperature increase may have important and major effects on its development and growth.     

茶黄素提取物及茶黄素片的急性毒性

以茶黄素提取物及终端产品茶黄素片为原料,采用急性毒性试验方法,研究试验小鼠对茶黄素提取物和茶黄素片的急性毒理特性。结果表明,茶黄素提取物对雌性小鼠的急性经口LD50为2710.0 mg/kg体重,是成人日用量的(10~20 mg/kg)的136~271倍;对雄性小鼠LD50为3160.0 mg/kg体重,是成人日用量的(10~20 mg/kg)的158~316倍。茶黄素片对雌性小鼠的急性经口LD50为20000.0 mg/kg体重,是成人日用量的(40~50 mg/kg)的400~500倍;对雄性小鼠的急性经口LD50为14700.0 mg/kg体重,是成人日用量的(40~50 mg/kg)的294~368倍。茶黄素提取物和茶黄素片对雄性小鼠和雌性小鼠的急性经口LD50,均大于成人日用量的100倍,说明茶黄素提取物和茶黄素片的毒性较小,符合保健食品的急性毒性评价标准。     

茶树油粕中茶皂素的提取及其对果蔬采后致病菌的抑制作用

以从茶树油粕中提取茶皂素的得率为评价指标,研究提取溶剂、方法、时间、温度和料液比等因素对茶皂素得率的影响,并通过正交试验确定茶皂素最佳提取工艺条件,同时考察了所得茶皂素对几种果蔬采后致病菌的抑制作用。结果表明,茶树油粕中提取茶皂素的最佳工艺条件为:以75%乙醇作为提取溶剂,料液比1∶14(g/mL),85℃热回流提取2.5 h,茶皂素的得率达13.3%,经AB-8大孔吸附树脂纯化后,纯度达95.64%。所获茶皂素对胶胞炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)、灰葡萄孢霉(Botrytis cinerea)和链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)菌丝的生长均有显著的抑制作用,半最大效应浓度(EC50)值分别为203.62、165.87和550.61mg·L^-1,其中以对B. cinerea的抑制作用最强。     

重金属镉对三种潮虫的毒性效应及其回避行为研究

选择潮虫亚目三种常见种:普通卷甲虫Armadillidium vulgare(Latreille,1804),多霜腊鼠妇Porcellionides pruinosus(Brandt,1833)和中华蒙潮虫Mongoloniscus sinensis(Dollfus,1901)为研究对象,以农田自然土壤为实验土壤,人工添加重金属镉(Cd)进行毒理研究。结果表明:(1)急性毒性试验采取滤纸接触法和自然土壤法开展Cd对三种潮虫的急性毒性试验,三者的半致死浓度(LC50)大小关系为:A.vulgareP.pruinosusM.sinensis,说明不同潮虫对Cd的忍耐限度和敏感程度不同。(2)三种潮虫对Cd的富集强弱关系为:M.sinensisP.pruinosusA.vulgare。说明陆生等足类能存活于一定浓度的污染土壤中,但不同潮虫对Cd的富集能力不同。(3)三种潮虫对土壤中Cd均表现出明显的回避行为反应,回避能力大小关系为:A.vulgareP.pruinosusM.sinensis。与急性毒性试验的测试终点LC50相比,潮虫行为测试终点对土壤中重金属镉的反应更为敏感。根据实验结果,中华蒙潮虫体内Cd的富集量随着Cd浓度的增加呈上升趋势,所以其富集能力和耐受性强于普通卷甲虫和多霜腊鼠妇,在将来有望成为土壤重金属污染生物修复的首选动物类群。     

基于RAdam卷积神经网络的水稻生育期图像识别

为了解决现阶段水稻发育期信息的获取主要依靠人工观测的效率低、主观性强等问题,该研究提出一种基于Rectified Adam(RAdam)优化器的ResNet50卷积神经网络图像识别方法,开展水稻关键生育期的自动识别.连续2 a对12块试验田的水稻物候特征进行持续自动拍摄,对采集的水稻图像进行预处理,得到水稻各发育期分类...