高淀粉甘薯大面积超高产机械化种植模式研究

概述了2009~2010年江苏省徐州市铜山区柳新农场甘薯新品种徐薯27超高产的机械化种植模式。简要介绍了育苗、种植、栽插、收获和贮藏的模式,从高淀粉甘薯新品种的选择、主要栽培技术和经济效益分析入手,全面总结了高淀粉甘薯大面积超高产机械化栽培种植模式的成功经验,现已推广到江苏省宿迁市(种植面积100 hm2)、山东省济宁市(种植面积150 hm2)和河南省周口市(种植面积200 hm2)3个地方。2010年种植经济效益均在2.7万元/hm2左右。     

不同检测材料对ELISA检测禽白血病病毒-p27抗原结果的影响

为探讨不同检测材料对ELISA检测禽白血病病毒(ALV)-p27抗原结果的影响,试验首先对180日龄地方品种母鸡的泄殖腔棉拭子ALV-p27抗原进行ELISA检测,选取部分阳性鸡和阴性鸡进行分组试验,采用ELISA对试验鸡血清、蛋清和病毒分离的细胞培养液进行ALV-p27抗原检测,采用RT-PCR方法检测血液ALV特异性基因。结果显示,阳性组中以血清、蛋清和细胞培养液作为ELISA ALV-p27抗原检测材料,其检测阳性率均低于泄殖腔棉拭子,血清检测的阳性个体包含全部蛋清和细胞培养液ELISA检测的阳性个体。ELISA检测数据的相关性分析显示,只有血清和细胞培养液检测数据间存在显著性相关,线性关系方程为Y(细胞上清)=1.8439X(血清)-0.1469,R²=0.937;阳性组中ALV-p27基因检测阳性率低于泄殖腔棉拭子,但高于血清、蛋清和细胞培养液,其包含所有血清ELISA检测的阳性样品;外源性ALV-J gp85基因阳性率仅为29.17%,且阳性样品均属于血清ELISA阳性样品。综上所述,成年鸡以泄殖腔棉拭子作为ELISA ALV-p27抗原检测材料存在假阳性结果,蛋清和细胞培养液作为检测材料存在漏检的可能,血清作为ELISA检测材能够更准确地反映成年鸡群ALV感染状态。     

阿勒泰羊Fsp27基因5'UTR区g.16767667位点G>A突变与其尾脂沉积能力关联性分析

Fsp27基因在动物脂肪代谢过程中发挥着重要的调控作用。为了研究Fsp27基因5'UTR区g.16767667位点G>A突变与绵羊尾脂沉积能力的关联性,以尾脂沉积能力极强的脂尾(臀)型绵羊品种阿勒泰羊(Ovis aries)为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP及测序技术研究了该SNP位点不同基因型在阿勒泰羊群体中的分布,并通过比较不同基因型个体尾形数据的差异,评估其与阿勒泰羊尾脂沉积能力的关联性。结果表明,在阿勒泰羊群体中Fsp27基因5'UTR区g.16767667位点G>A突变可以检测到GG、AG和AA三种基因型,基因型频率分别47.2%、38.4%和14.4%;卡方检验结果表明该位点在阿勒泰羊群体中处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05)。通过250只不同基因型阿勒泰羊尾形数据对比发现,GG和AG基因型个体脂尾(臀)的长、宽和厚3项数据均显著高于AA基因型个体(P<0.05),GG基因型个体亦略高于AG基因型个体,但差异不显著(P>0.05),推断G等位基因有利于阿勒泰羊尾脂沉积。     

BP神经网络结合正交试验法优化Bacillus velezensis Z-27菌株培养基组分

将BP人工神经网络(Artificiai neural network)技术与传统的正交试验方法相结合,提出一种新的试验分析和处理方法,利用神经网络特有的自学能力,对主要影响因素进行仿真优化,获得Bacillus velezensis Z-27菌株培养基组分,即玉米粉2.0％、豆饼粉1.5％、MnSO4· H2O 0.07％,起始pH为7.0、接种量为2.0％,应用优化得到的培养基组分进行验证试验,取得了较好的效果.     

Amelioration of Aluminum Toxicity by Pretreatment with Phosphate in Aluminum‐Tolerant Rice Cultivar

Abstract

The phytotoxicity of aluminum (Al) in relation to preculture with phosphates was examined in the rice cultivar Arkansas fortuna. In plants precultured with phosphates, Al did not inhibit shoot growth, while Al retarded shoot growth in plants precultured without phosphates. In contrast, Al inhibited root elongation, irrespective of the presence of phosphates in the preculture solution. A large proportion of the Al in roots was in unknown, insoluble forms. In phosphate‐precultured plants, Al deposition was slightly increased, presumably due to the formation of aluminum phosphates in the roots, and phosphorus levels in shoots were markedly increased. Binding with phosphates may ameliorate the toxicity of Al when it enters the shoots and account for the uninhibited shoot growth in the presence of Al in plants precultured with phosphates.     

栽培措施对周麦27号主要农艺性状及品质特性的影响

为探讨小麦新品种周麦27号的高产优质配套栽培技术,采用4因子2次正交旋转组合设计,研究了播期、播量、追施氮肥期和喷施多效唑对周麦27号主要农艺性状和品质特性的影响.结果表明,周麦27号属矮秆大穗品种,产量主要受播期影响,回归方程为Y=10347.3-516.3X1,预测产量最大值可达到11 215.5kg/hm2,并且产量三要素较协调,适合高产要求.子粒蛋白质含量等多数与蛋白质数量相关的指标均与播期呈显著负向线性关系,面筋指数等与蛋白质质量相关的指标受栽培措施影响较大.建议周麦27号在高肥水地决于10月13号左右播种,基本苗在234万/hm2左右,于3月中上旬追施尿素225kg/hm2,喷施多效唑1 195.5g/hm2,若预测播期温度较高,播种期可适当推迟,增加播量.     

HSP27基因在牦牛卵母细胞和体外早期胚胎中的表达

为了探讨牦牛HSP27(heat shock proteins27, HSP27)基因在牦牛卵母细胞和早期孤雌激活胚胎中的表达情况及定位,本试验通过实时荧光定量PCR检测牦牛HSP27基因在未成熟卵母细胞和成熟卵母细胞以及孤雌激活不同时期胚胎中的相对表达量,用免疫荧光染色法检测HSP27蛋白在未成熟卵母细胞和成熟卵母细胞以及孤雌激活不同时期胚胎中的表达与定位情况。结果显示,HSP27基因在牦牛未成熟卵母细胞和成熟卵母细胞以及体外培养孤雌激活不同时期胚胎中均可表达,其中在未成熟卵母细胞中的表达量显著高于成熟卵母细胞;在孤雌激活胚胎中,2~4细胞期表达量最高,囊胚期胚胎表达量最低,随着胚胎的发育,HSP27的表达量呈现逐渐降低的趋势;在2~4细胞期和囊胚期胚胎中的表达与其他组表达存在显著差异性,在5~8细胞期和桑椹胚中的表达无显著差异。免疫荧光染色结果表明,HSP27蛋白在牦牛卵丘细胞和卵母细胞中均有表达,在牦牛孤雌激活2~4细胞期、5~8细胞期和桑椹期胚胎中主要表达于细胞核内和细胞质中,在囊胚期主要表达于细胞核中;而HSP27蛋白的表达水平与基因表达水平基本一致。本研究为后续研究HSP27基因在牦牛生殖生理过程中的作用机制提供了参考。     

人CYP27B1真核表达构建及其在293T细胞表达

CYP27B1是血清活性维生素D_3合成的关键酶,根据Gen Bank报道的序列设计特异引物,以Hep G2细胞的c DNA为模板,扩增CYP27B1的编码区,构建CYP27B1的真核表达载体,在293T细胞表达并检测其催化活性。结果表明,重组表达载体pc DNA-CYP27B1构建成功,pc DNA-CYP27B1及对照质粒pc DNA分别瞬时转染293T细胞。Western blot检测结果表明CYP27B1在293T成功表达。HPLC检测结果显示重组表达的CYP27B1能羟化25(OH)D_3生成1α,25(OH)_2D_3。     

Defining output-based standards to achieve and maintain tuberculosis freedom in farmed deer, with reference to member states of the European Union

Within the European Union (EU), detailed legislation has been developed for cattle, but not deer, to minimise disease risks associated with trade in animals and animal products. This legislation is expressed as input-based standards, providing a detailed outline of the activity required (for example, testing of animals and application of defined control measures), on the expectation that an adequate output (for example, confidence in freedom) will be achieved. Input-based standards are at odds with the increasing shift towards output-based standards, particularly in OIE rules governing international trade. In this paper, we define output-based standards to achieve and maintain freedom from tuberculosis (TB) in farmed deer, with reference to EU member states. After considering the probability of freedom achieved for cattle under existing EU legislation, we defined a ‘free farmed deer holding’ as one with a probability of freedom from infection of at least 99%. We then developed an epidemiological model of TB surveillance systems for deer holdings, incorporating different surveillance strategies, including combinations of diagnostic tests, and a variety of different scenarios relating to the potential for introduction of infection. A range of surveillance strategies were identified to achieve and maintain a free farmed deer holding, and worked examples are presented. The surveillance system sensitivity for varying combinations of screening and confirmatory tests in live animals, animals at slaughter and on-farm deaths is also presented. Using a single test at a single point in time, none of the TB tests routinely used in farmed deer is able to achieve an acceptable probability of TB freedom. If repeat testing were undertaken, an acceptable probability of TB freedom could be achieved, with differing combinations of the surveillance system sensitivity, frequency of testing and risk of introduction. The probability of introduction of infection through the importation of infected deer was influenced by the use of a pre-movement test (assumed 90% test sensitivity and negative test results), the TB prevalence in the source herd and the number of animals imported. A surveillance system sensitivity of at least 81% was achieved with different combinations of annual live animal surveillance and surveillance of animals at slaughter or on-farm deaths. This methodology has broad applicability and could also be extended to other diseases in both deer and other species with relevance to trade in animals and animal products.     

杂交油菜新组合皖油27号制种技术

根据多年油菜制种经验和皖油27号父母本生育特点,科学总结了制种技术。