复合酶对肉仔鸡生产性能及代谢的影响

选取１日龄ＡＡ肉仔鸡８０只，随机分成二组，研究日粮添加和不添加复合酶对肉仔鸡生产性能、代谢及免疫的影响。结果表明：复合酶使肉仔鸡日增重提高７％～７．７％，料肉比降低了４．５％～４．９％，但采食量增加不显著；血液中尿酸和血糖浓度显著下降，血浆胰岛素与血清Ｔ３浓度显著提高，提示复合酶改善了肉仔鸡营养物质的吸收与代谢；此外，血清蛋白和血浆ＩｇＧ水平高于对照组，表明复合酶促进了免疫功能     

同源短乳杆菌对鸡肠黏膜SIgA分泌的影响

为了了解短乳杆菌对机体免疫力的影响,用MRS培养基从鸡的消化道分离到乳酸杆菌,对该菌的形态特征、培养特性、生理生化特性等进行试验,证明该菌为短乳杆菌.用短乳杆菌饲喂本地肉仔鸡后检测其肠内容物SIgA滴度.结果显示,该菌对肠道粘膜有较强的粘附力,能提高鸡肠黏膜的SIgA滴度.本试验表明,短乳杆菌能显著提高机体的免疫力.     

Job-Shop scheduling based on improved immune cloning algorithm

Parallel immune clone algorithm is proposed based on population coevolution theory and parallel computing affinity of individual at multiple compute nodes. Introducing the immune memory mechanism, the evolution processes of antibody population and memory units are conducted simultaneously, meanwhile, it improves mutual cooperation among antibodies, and ensures solution set approaching optimal solution from the inside of feasible region or infeasible region border. Clone proliferation, high frequency variation and operation of crossover operators increase the chance that better individuals gain affinity maturation by the operation of clone expansion, improve diversity of antibody population distribution, achieve the balance of optimization between depth and range, and ensure the convergence of the algorithm and the diversity of the search range. A computational study for a standard data set is carried out to test the validity of the algorithm, and the effect of algorithm parameters on the results is analyzed. The simulation results show that the global search capability, local search capability, algorithm stability and computing speed of the algorithm are all superior to conventional optimization algorithms such as normal immune clone optimization algorithm, genetic algorithm, etc.     

团头鲂细菌性败血症免疫研究

将温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)复壮，在28℃条件下加福尔马林灭活48h，制备成灭活苗。用该疫苗免疫团头鲂，取免疫后第10d，20d，30d的血清做凝集抗体试验，最高凝集抗体效价达1：32～128，对照组为1：4～8；免疫鱼的抗感染保护力达70％。     

复方黄芩颗粒剂对小鼠免疫功能的影响

研究复方黄芩颗粒剂对昆明小鼠免疫功能的影响。应用复方黄芩颗粒给小鼠灌胃10 d后,分别测定对照组与实验组胸腺指数、脾脏指数和血清中的免疫球蛋白IgAI、gGI、gM和补体C3、C4;并且进行体外实验,用不同浓度的复方黄芩颗粒剂对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞进行体外培养,测定淋巴细胞转移刺激指数(SI);在体外培养测定细胞吞噬中性红的能力。与对照组相比,试验组的胸腺指数、脾脏指数、免疫球蛋白和补体C3、C4都升高且显著水平为差异显著(P<0.05);脾脏淋巴细胞转移刺激指数均极显著地高于对照组(P<0.01),75μg/mL组的脾脏淋巴细胞转移刺激指数达最高;腹腔巨噬细胞具有一定的吞噬能力,吞噬中性红能力与剂量成依赖关系。结论:复方黄芩颗粒剂在一定程度上有提高小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

抗猪大肠杆菌高免卵黄的研制及对实验感染病例的疗效观察

本试验主要选择了引起猪黄白痢的常见致病菌株E.coli,K88,通过对其在专用培养基上增菌培养,制成油佐剂灭活苗免疫产蛋母鸡,运用微量凝集试验测母鸡抗体水平,待抗体水平达8 log2以上时,收取鸡蛋制成高免卵黄。选择6窝56头刚出生的未吮乳仔猪(母猪未免疫),第1,2窝16头用E.coli K88标准菌株500亿／头口服人工感染,第3,4窝18头口服E.coli K88标准菌株250亿／头,第5窝10头作为抗生素治疗对照组,第6窝12头为空白对照组,观察记录发病情况,待明显发病后,对第1~4窝仔猪用自制抗E.coli K88高免卵黄口服治疗。试验结果表明,口服抗E.coli K88菌株高免卵黄抗体对人工感染仔猪黄痢与白痢的治愈率分别为93.75％和88.89％,而应用抗生素庆大霉素的治愈率仅为50％。     

吉林省猪致病性链球菌的分离鉴定及其部分特性研究

从吉林省几个地区及山东省烟台地区的疑似链球菌病死猪体内分离到14株链球菌，通过培养特性、菌落形态、染色特性、生化试验等一系列鉴定，确定这14株链球菌中有12株为类猪链球菌，1株为猪链球菌，1株怀疑为海豚链球菌。致病性试验结果表明：有10株链球菌呈B溶血，4株呈α溶血，呈B溶血的菌株对小白鼠的致死性为100％。选择4株有代表性的链球菌对2只青年公兔进行了免疫原性试验，首免后28d血清凝集价上升了10个滴度，说明这4株链球菌有较好的免疫原性，可以作为疫苗候选株。这14株链球菌对红霉素、麦迪霉素不敏感或抗药，对其它13种抗菌素呈不同程度的敏感性。     

昆虫免疫进化的研究进展

昆虫在长期的进化过程中发展出了一套独特的免疫系统,由细胞免疫和体液免疫组成。随着分子生物学研究技术的发展,人们发现昆虫具有复杂的免疫系统,在病原体识别、信号转导途径及效应机制等方面与哺乳动物均高度相似,这些防御机制有着共同的进化起源。越来越多的研究表明昆虫的免疫具有特异性,不仅有免疫记忆,还能改变自身的免疫细胞去对付不同类型的微生物。     

益生素对雏鸡肠道黏膜体液免疫与细胞免疫的影响

为了观察益生素对雏鸡肠道黏膜免疫的影响,将60只雏鸡随机分为益生素组和对照组,分别在灌服益生素后1,4,7,10和18 d,采集肠液、十二指肠派伊尔结和盲肠扁桃体,观测肠道黏膜抗体生成细胞数量、T细胞数量和肠液免疫球蛋白相对含量的变化,并在服用益生素后4 d对盲肠扁桃体的超微结构进行了常规透射电镜及扫描电镜观察。结果表明,在服用益生素后7 d,雏鸡肠液的IgA高于未服用益生素的对照雏鸡(P<0.01),十二指肠派伊尔结的IgG生成细胞数量在10 d、Ig M生成细胞数量在7 d明显高于对照组雏鸡(P<0.05),盲肠扁桃体弥散区的IgA生成细胞数量在7~10 d、IgG生成细胞数量在7 d、Ig M生成细胞数量在4~7 d明显高于对照组雏鸡(P<0.05);盲肠扁桃体的T淋巴细胞在雏鸡服用益生素后7 d明显高于对照组(P<0.01);盲肠扁桃体绒毛表面的微绒毛密度和长度在服用益生素后3 d也明显提高;随着雏鸡日龄增加,益生素的影响逐渐减弱。可见,益生素能够提高雏鸡生长初期的肠道黏膜免疫。     

The Effects of Mx1 Locus on Immunity Tracts Components in Large White×Meishan F2 Offspring

The mouse Myxovirus resistance protein 1 (Mx1) is known to be sufficient to confer resistance to influenza viruses, and genes encoding Myxovirus resistance protein 1 (Mx1) is, therefore, an interesting candidate gene for disease resistance in farm animals. The porcine Mxl gene has already been identified and characterized based on its homology with mouse Mxl; the full-length coding region of the pig Mxl gene spans 2 545 bp (M65087) and is organized into 17 exons compared with the human ortholog mRNA. In this study, the exons 9, 10, 11 and introns 6, 9 of the porcine Mxl gene were cloned and sequenced; two SNPs were identified in exons 9, 10, 11 but none of the SNPs led to an amino acid exchange, and the other eleven variants were detected in introns 6 and 9, respectively. Differences in allele frequency among Meishan, Large White, Tibetan, Tongcheng, Huainan, and Duroc pigs were observed within intron 9, of which an A → G substitution at position 186 was detected as an Msp Ⅰ PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The association analysis using the Large White×Meishan F2 offspring suggested that the Mxl genotype was associated with variation in several immunity traits that are of interest in pig breeding. However, further investigations in more populations are needed to confirm the above concept.