人类活动对象山湾滩涂沉积物理化特征的累积效应

[目的]研究人类活动对象山湾滩涂沉积物理化特征的累积效应。[方法]选取象山湾沿岸滩涂沉积物作为供试材料,测定沉积物样品粒度特征、磁化率、总有机碳及硝态氮含量。[结果]象山湾滩涂沉积物粒径组成以粉粒为主,质地较为黏重,可塑性和保水性较好,透气性差,且沉积物粒径组成随深度变化明显;磁性物质的含量随着取样深度的增加而不断减少;有机物质含量较高,且随着取样深度的增加,有机质含量明显下降,但总体维持在较高水平;硝态氮含量随取样深度的增加总体呈上升趋势,波动明显。[结论]人类活动对象山湾滩涂影响较为明显,理化特征的累积效应在剖面上表现显著。     

基于霍尔效应的微小压强测量装置的设计与实现

针对化工液体的微小压强测量中所存在的测量复杂、精度低的问题，设计一种基于霍尔效应的测量流体微小压强变化的装置。该测量装置通过前端受力装置来承受液体压强的变化而产生一定的位移，并转换成霍尔电动势，经放大调理电路，最后接电压表显示相应的电压值。根据输出电压与液体压强之间的关系即可得到相应深度的压强大小。在实验中，电压表精确到1mV，最小可测量到0.792Pa的压强变化，其测量精度较高。该装置体积小、通用性强，具有较好的应用前景。     

加拿大一枝黄花入侵机理及控制策略

从遗传特征、繁殖特征、生理生态特点、环境的可入侵性、人类活动干扰、化感作用、与土壤微生物的作用7个方面介绍了加拿大一枝黄花的入侵机理,并提出了机械防治、化学防治、生物防治等控制策略.     

酶联免疫吸附法测定畜禽组织中恩诺沙星的残留量

利用抗原抗体反应的高度特异性和酶的高效催化作用相结合,测定畜禽组织中恩诺沙星的残留量。结果表明,该检测方法简便、快速、灵敏。     

金融监管信号传递与金融市场有效运行

金融市场是金融监管当局与金融市场参与者之间动态博弈、合作共生的信息不对称系统。通过把信号博弈和重复博弈思想引入金融监管理论研究，构建以金融市场有效运行为反馈信号的金融监管当局与金融市场参与者之间的监管信号传递模型，分析金融市场治理中有效监管信号的传递机制。结果表明：金融监管力度与金融市场有效运行水平之间存在分离、混同两种均衡关系；在金融监管声誉效应的驱动下，金融监管当局倾向于选择混同均衡策略，而不是分离均衡。因而只有建立通畅的金融监管信号传递及反馈机制，强化并放大金融监管信号显示，增大监管乘数效应，形成良性的监管声誉效应，才能保障金融市场的有效运行。     

Density responses and spatial distribution of cotton yield and yield components in jujube (Zizyphus jujube)/cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) agroforestry

Trees are the dominant species in agroforestry systems, profoundly affecting the performance of understory crops. Proximity to trees is a key factor in crop performance, but rather little information is available on the spatial distribution of yield and yield components of crop species under the influence of trees in agroforestry systems. Also, little information is available on how crop density may be exploited to optimize the yield in such systems. Here we studied the performance of cotton in jujube/cotton agroforestry. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Hetian, Xinjiang, China. Cotton was grown at a row distance of 60 cm in three densities, 13.5, 18.0 and 22.5 plants m⁻² in six m wide paths between tree lines in a jujube plantation. Plant density affected both cotton aboveground dry matter and yield significantly. The highest yield was attained at the intermediate density of 18.0 plants m⁻² (20.0 plants m⁻² corresponding in sole cotton), lower than the optimal density in sole cotton (25.0 plants m⁻²). Yield at the lower density was constrained by the low number of bolls per m² as a direct consequence of the low density, whereas at the high plant density yield was constrained by a lower allocation of assimilates to cotton seed and lint, as a consequence of intraspecific and interspecific competitions. There were strong gradients in yield and yield components in relation to the distance from the tree rows. Leaf area and total dry matter of cotton in rows close to the tree lines were reduced, especially in the rows next to the trees. Moreover, biomass allocation to cotton fruits was reduced in these rows. Competitive influences from the trees on cotton performance extended two rows deep in a six-year old jujube stand, and even three rows deep in a seven-year old stand. Shading effects on cotton yield were compensated by increasing plant density as a result of greater boll numbers per unit ground area. Data from this study help guide the design of optimal plant density of cotton in jujube plantations and give insight in the spatial distribution and dynamics of competitive effects in agroforestry systems in general.     

毛乌素沙地东南缘植被恢复中优势灌木的保育作用分析

以毛乌素沙地东南缘优势灌木作为保育植物,选择油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)和樟子松(Pinus sylvestris)幼苗作为目标物种,将其分别种植在开阔地和优势灌木冠层下,连续3 a统计松树幼苗的存活率和主枝生长长度,从而确定毛乌素沙地优势灌木对松树幼苗的定居是否存在保育作用。同时,测量开阔地和灌木冠层下的环境指标,揭示优势灌木保育作用产生的机理。结果表明:1优势灌木冠层下松树幼苗的总存活率显著高于开阔地(P0.05),说明优势灌木可增加松树幼苗的存活率。2在持续3 a的恢复实验期间,优势灌木对松树幼苗定居的保育作用不随时间的变化而发生改变。3优势灌木冠层下松树幼苗的主枝生长良好,并未受到抑制。4优势灌木通过改善微环境,从而对其冠层下松树幼苗的定居产生保育作用,其中改善最为明显的是光照强度和土壤湿度,其次是土壤的有机质和全氮含量。总的来说,优势灌木对松树幼苗的定居存在保育作用,保育植物技术可作为一种有效的恢复措施,应用在毛乌素沙地东南缘的植被恢复中,从而为该区植被的恢复与生态保护提供基础数据。     

Short‐term releases of CO2 from newly mixed biochar and calcareous soil

The work aimed to quantify native organic C mobilized in one calcareous soil in the 21 days after addition of biochar at a range of large to very large applications. The experiment was carried out in unplanted microcosms, and CO₂ flux was used as a measure of net mineralization. A rapid methodological approach, which does not require ¹³C as a tracer, was used to assess any priming effects induced by the biochar. The amount of CO₂‐C mobilized was small relative to the amount of biochar C and proportional to the amount of the biochar added. The additional CO₂‐C was similar to the content of the water‐soluble organic carbon in the biochar added with each application. No interaction with native soil C, that is priming effect, was observed.     

Preparation of Adjuvant Diluent for Live Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever and Evaluation of its Immune Effects

The aim of this study was to develop a novel oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion as adjuvant diluents (AD) for live vaccine against classical swine fever (CSF) that could effectively enhance the immune effect of vaccine.The AD was prepared by high-pressure homogenization technique.Formulations and preparation parameters were optimized with response surface design.Its stability, particle size, polydispersity (PDI) and Zeta potential were characterized.The humoral immune response and cellular immune response of the AD were evaluated with BALB/c mice by intramuscular injection.The particle size of the AD prepared by optimized formulation and parameters was 100.4 nm, PDI was 0.147, and Zeta potential was —28.7 mV.The experiment results showed that the AD had good stability.The AD was inoculated combined with live vaccine against CSF into BALB/c mice by intramuscular injection.The results showed that the live vaccine against CSF specific immune responses could be evoked in mice by co-inoculation with AD and vaccine.The cellular immune response levels in co-inoculated groups were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), with obvious phenomena of higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-4 in serum.The result revealed that cellular immune capability significantly improved with the AD.The results strongly revealed that cellular immune capability significantly improved by introducing AD for effective immune-adjuvant for live vaccine against CSF.