河池市兜兰属植物资源及其保护利用初探

在查阅有关资料的基础上,采用样线调查和群落生态学相结合的调查方法,对河池市范围内兜兰属植物的分布数量和生境特征老蚌生珠调查分析。结果表明:河池市兜兰属植物资源丰富,共有6种兜兰属植物分布于全市10个县市区,但分布极不均匀;兜兰属植物生长于河池市石灰岩山地的常绿落叶阔叶林下的岩壁缝隙腐殖土上,所处环境条件脆弱,兜兰植株对环境的依存程度高;特殊的生物学特性、生境的丧失和过度采挖的其致濒的主要原因;在调查分析的基础上,提出了河池市兜兰属植物的保护利用对策。     

茅台酒生态功能保护区野生种子植物资源调查研究

采用野外调查、标本采集和文献查阅统计分析法,对茅台酒生态功能保护区野生种子植物资源进行了调查研究和分类总结。共发现种子植物101科、279属、411种。根据用途将茅台酒生态功能保护区野生种子植物资源分为:药用植物资源、观赏植物资源、食用植物资源、材用植物资源、工业植物资源、保护和改造环境植物资源六大类十六小类。并对茅台酒生态功能保护区野生种子植物资源开发利用提出建议。     

Feed consumption, nutrient utilization and serum metabolite profile of captive blackbucks (Antelope cervicapra) fed diets varying in crude protein content

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimum level of crude protein (CP) in the diet of captive blackbuck (Antelope cervicapra) in which feed consumption and nutrient utilization are maximal. Fifteen blackbucks (BW 25-34 kg) were distributed into three groups of five each in an experiment of 75-days duration including a digestion trial of 5-day collection period. All the animals were offered 200 g of concentrates and fresh maize fodder ad libitum. The overall CP content of the three respective diets was 6.9%, 10.4% and 12.7%. Blood samples were collected on the last day of the experiment. Intake and digestibility of CP increased (p < 0.01) with the increased level of CP in the diet. Feed consumption and nutrient intake were not significantly different among the groups. However, digestibilities of most of the nutrients were higher in the 10.4% CP diet than in the 6.9% CP diet. The endogenous loss of nitrogen was similar among the groups. Based on the endogenous losses, minimum N requirement was calculated to be 776 mg/kg BW(0.75) /day, and to meet this requirement, diet must contain at least 8.27% CP. Serum urea nitrogen concentration increased (p < 0.01) with increased level of dietary CP. Serum level of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase was higher (p < 0.05) in the group fed 6.9% CP diet. Animals in the group fed low protein diet also lost body mass during the experimental period. It was concluded that a diet containing 10.4% CP was optimum for maximizing nutrient utilization without any adverse effect on voluntary feed consumption and serum metabolite profile of blackbucks.     

Values of Forestry Professionals and their Implications for the Applicability of Policy Instruments

In the last few years, the European countries have created a whole arsenal of regulatory, financial and informational instruments with the objective of enhancing sustainable forest management (SFM). In the course of this policy development effort, so far, the targets of governance have been more or less neglected. This article argues that a forest manager's values have a major influence on the perception of and the reaction to different types of public policy instruments. The results of a mail survey carried out among Austrian forestry professionals show that the persons in charge of putting SFM into practical action can be characterized by specific value patterns. By means of cluster analysis, forestry professionals were classified into six value types. Each of the six types identified is expected to respond to policy instruments in a specific way. Based on these findings, I finally discuss if and how policy instruments can be designed and implemented in a more target-group oriented way.     

贵草1号多花黑麦草配套利用技术示范推广项目经济效益测算

应用《农业科技成果经济效益计算方法》对“贵草1号配套利用技术示范推广”项目进行成果经济效益分析,结果表明：在计算年限内,该成果每年可增加纯收入521．49万元,科研经费与新增纯收益比为13．79,其成果效益明显,产生了较好的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。     

吉林省蛟河林业实验区管理局森林资源现状及可持续经营对策

通过对吉林省蛟河林业实验区管理局2011年森林资源数据的统计分析,并结合当地森林资源特点及经营管理存在的问题,从加强森林资源管理和优化森林资源结构等方面提出了可持续发展对策。     

非淀粉多糖复合酶制剂对肉鸡生产性能及养分表观利用率的影响

本试验旨在研究非淀粉多糖复合酶制剂对肉鸡生产性能、养分表观利用率的影响。试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,选取科宝肉鸡商品代1日龄公雏320只,随机分成2个处理组,各处理组8个重复,每个重复20只。处理1饲喂基础饲粮,处理2饲喂基础饲粮+150 g/t NSP复合酶制剂F。1-21 d基础饲粮采用玉米-豆粕型饲粮,22-42 d基础饲粮采用玉米-豆粕-杂粕型饲粮,低温制粒。结果表明,在1-21 d肉鸡的玉米-豆粕型饲粮中添加NSP酶制剂F对肉鸡生产性能和养分表观利用率无改善作用,而在高杂粕(3%菜粕、3%棉粕和8%DDGS)的玉米-豆粕-杂粕型肉鸡饲粮中添加NSP复合酶制剂F对22-42 d和1-42 d肉鸡生产性能均有改善作用,在一定程度上改善了22-42 d肉鸡饲粮的养分表观利用率。     

不同形态肥料桉树盆栽试验生物效应研究

试验中采用前期制作的相同配方的块状(块孔和块实)、粒状肥料进行桉树苗木盆栽施肥试验,结果显示两种块状肥料的后期均比较粒状肥料的肥效好。在前3个月各处理苗高、地径生长与不施肥对照差异均不大,在3个月后施肥处理与不施肥对照开始出现差异。至调查结束时施用块状肥的苗木相对施用粒状肥的苗木其苗高平均提高了10.6%和4.3%,地径平均提高了8.8%和2%。根据对肥料的利用率进行对比两种块状肥料氮、磷、钾的利用率均大等于粒状肥氮、磷、钾的利用率,说明本试验中块状肥料有利于提高肥料的利用效率,更能适合苗木的肥效需求规律。     

自然界中非鳞翅目绢丝昆虫

通过查阅大量的文献,我们总结了各种非鳞翅目绢丝昆虫的特征、生活史、习性以及分布状况,同时也阐述了这些昆虫吐丝的目的以及利用现状。     

粗饲料组合对奶牛饲粮养分消化率、能量和氮的利用的影响

本试验旨在研究粗饲料组合对奶牛饲粮养分消化率、能量和氮的利用的影响。试验采用单因素随机区组设计,将 １６头体重、年龄、胎次相近的,处于干奶期的健康荷斯坦奶牛分为 ４组,每组 ４头。以常用的粗饲料设计 Ａ（玉米青贮 ＋玉米秸秆）、Ｂ（玉米青贮 ＋羊草）、Ｃ（玉米青贮 ＋玉米秸秆 ＋羊草）、Ｄ（玉米青贮 ＋苜蓿草 ＋羊草）４种粗饲料组合的饲粮。结果表明：饲粮Ｄ干物质、有机物和中性洗涤纤维的消化率最高,显著高于其他各饲粮（Ｐ＜０．０５）,其次为饲粮Ｂ和饲粮 Ｃ,饲粮 Ａ最低,显著低于其他各饲粮（Ｐ＜０．０５）,各饲粮的酸性洗涤纤维消化率差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。粗饲料组合显著影响饲粮摄入总能、能量消化率和能量代谢率（Ｐ＜０．０５）,饲粮 Ｄ甲烷能占摄入总能比显著低于其他 ３种饲粮（Ｐ＜０．０５）。各饲粮的粪氮、尿氮占摄入总氮比差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）,饲粮 Ｄ的氮消化率显著高于饲粮 Ｂ与饲粮 Ｃ（Ｐ＜０．０５）,且饲粮 Ｂ显著高于饲粮 Ａ（Ｐ＜０．０５）;饲粮 Ｂ、饲粮 Ｄ的氮利用率显著高于饲粮 Ａ（Ｐ＜０．０５）。由此可见,玉米青贮 ＋苜蓿草 ＋羊草型饲粮的养分消化率、能量和氮的利用均优于其他各饲粮,羊草与玉米秸秆之间存在正组合效应,两者搭配使用可提高玉米秸秆的消化率,优化能量和氮的利用。