滴灌灌水器流道堵塞及防治研究进展

滴灌的堵塞问题一直是困扰滴灌技术应用与发展的限制性因素,为了探索解决或者预防该问题的技术途径,从堵塞的成因、机理以及预防措施等方面进行了论述,提出了预防灌水器堵塞的基本措施,包括改进灌水器流道结构、强化水质处理以及严格过程管理。在此基础上,对今后的重点研究方向提出了若干建议。     

Susceptibility of Caspian Roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) Fingerlings to Formalin

ABSTRACT

Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) were exposed to 0, 30, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 70, 100, 150 200, 250, 300, and 400 ppm formalin to determine LC₅₀. Respectively, 0.5 to 96 h LC₅₀ values were 252 to 49 ppm. The lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC) and no observed effect concentrations (NOEC) varied between 40 to 150 and 30 to 100 ppm, respectively, across the tested time spectrum. Regression suggested that the concentrations of 88.4, 80.3, 51.2, and 40.1 ppm are maximum concentrations for 0.5, 1, 12, and 24 h bath treatment, respectively, which are not in the range suggested in the literature.     

Biochemical Properties and Stability of Antioxidative Activity of Half-Fin Anchovy (Setipinna taty) Fermented Product

The aim of this work was to investigate the biochemical properties of fermented product of half-fin anchovy (HAFP; Setipinna taty) made by Natto bacillus fermentation—including molecular weight distribution, amino acid composition, solubility, foaming, and emulsifying profiles. Furthermore, the influences of thermal processing, pH alteration, and in vitro simulated gastric and intestinal digestion on the antioxidative stability of HAFP in terms of the scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazayl (DPPH) radical were evaluated. Results showed that HAFP contained small peptides (< 1,500 Da) and free amino acids. The amounts of essential amino acids and flavor amino acids were 155.219 and 178.636 mg/g of dry HAFP, respectively. Moreover, HAFP contained high levels of antioxidative and hydrophobic amino acids. In suitable pH values, HAFP exhibited good solubility, foaming, and emulsifying properties. The antioxidative activity of HAFP on the scavenging DPPH radical increased after thermal processing. Furthermore, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of HAFP was enhanced slightly or dramatically after being treated under pH values from 3 to 6, or in vitro simulated gastric and intestinal digestion. It can be concluded that HAFP could have potential application in foods as a natural antioxidative ingredient.     

Effects of different bronopol treatments on final survival rates in the artificial incubation of crayfish eggs (Pacifastacus leniusculus,Astacidae)

Two experiments were conducted on the effects of bronopol in the artificial incubation of crayfish eggs (Pacifastacus leniusculus) with the aim to search an alternative to formaldehyde. In the first experiment, 50, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm bronopol and 3000 ppm formaldehyde (control) in periodical administrations were tested on a density of 6.6 eggs cm^?2. After 44 days of incubation, the highest survival was obtained with 1000 ppm bronopol (81.9% to stage 2 juvenile, with no significant difference from formaldehyde), whereas lower bronopol concentrations resulted in significantly lower survival. In the second experiment, 1000, 3000 and 5000 ppm bronopol and 3000 ppm formaldehyde (control) administered for 15 min every second day were tested on eggs at a density of 20 eggs cm^?2. After 78 days of incubation, bronopol at 3000 ppm allowed for a stage 2 juvenile survival rate of 65.0% (with no significant difference from formaldehyde), whereas significantly lower survival was obtained with 1000 ppm or 5000 ppm. This study shows that bronopol may constitute an alternative to formaldehyde in the artificial incubation of crayfish eggs. A concentration of 3000 ppm administered for 15 min every second day may be adequate even on long incubations at high densities (at least 20 eggs cm^?2, one complete layer).     

仔猪水肿病的预防与治疗

猪水肿病又称大肠杆菌毒血症、浮肿病、胃水肿。是仔猪一种急性、致死性的疾病,其特征为胃壁和其他某些部位发生水肿。本病主要发生于断乳仔猪,小至数日龄,大至4月龄都有发生。生长快、体况健壮的仔猪最为常见,瘦小仔猪少发生。带菌母猪传播给仔猪,呈地方性流行,常限于某些猪场和某些窝的仔猪。本病一年四季均可发生,但多见于春秋季。猪水肿病是仔猪的一种急性致死性疾病,是由某些溶血性大肠杆菌引起的传染性肠毒血症,这些大肠杆菌可产生一种侵入血流并破坏血管壁的外毒素,因为胃黏膜下和结肠系膜的水肿是此病的主要特点,因此将该病称为水肿病,该病是危害仔猪生产的重要疾病之一。     

吉林省通化县曲柳川村生态村建设中环境污染整治规划方案设想

坚持环境与发展综合决策,努力解决吉林省通化县兴林镇曲柳川村经济社会发展及优美村屯建设过程中的生态破坏和环境污染问题,加强兴林镇曲柳川村生态环境的综合整治,努力改善生态环境质量,实现经济、社会和生态环境的可持续均衡发展。     

对畜禽粪便恶臭的认识及生物治理的研究

畜舍恶臭是动物排泄物厌氧发酵产生的多种气体的混合物,对人畜及周边的环境都会造成不利影响。对畜禽粪便恶臭污染的现状、畜禽场恶臭气体的种类、决定恶臭的几个重要参数做了简单介绍,讨论了畜禽粪便中的主要菌群和重要的恶臭指示物及产生的相关微生物,指出了生物法是畜禽粪便除臭的发展方向并说明了其存在的问题,并对未来生物法的发展提出了一些建议。     

犬瘟热与犬细小病毒病混合感染的诊治

细小病毒病与犬瘟热混合感染不同品种、年龄、性别的犬,发病率和死亡率较高,给养犬业带来很大的危害。一年四季均可发病,但以春秋两季发病最多,6周龄～6月龄的幼犬易感。犬瘟热以1岁以内幼犬多发,以呈现双相热型、鼻炎、结膜炎、支气管炎、卡他性肺炎及严重的消化障碍为特征。犬细小病毒病临床主要特征是剧烈呕吐、腹泻和白细胞显著减少,出血性肠炎病变,有的发生心肌炎。临床上多采用支持疗法和对症疗法进行治疗。     

灌水模式对不同品种冬小麦群体生长特性和产量及蛋白质含量的影响

为筛选推荐节水高产品种提供依据,研究了不同灌水模式对冬小麦群体动态和产量及蛋白质含量的影响.以泰山23、泰山223、山农6号和石家庄8号为试验材料,设置3种灌水方式,印W1底墒水(生育期不浇水)、W2底墒水+春1水(拔节水-孕穗期)和W3底墒水+拔节水+开花水.主要研究了不同灌水方式下4个品种的产量构成因素、叶面积指数、干物质积累及籽粒蛋白质含量性状.结果表明,W1和W2、W3之间产量差异显著,W2和W3之间产量差异不显著,品种之间产量差异显著.叶面积和干物质积累量随着灌水次数的增加而增加,但不同品种之间表现不同,泰山23较其它3个品种变化较小.不同灌溉模式对试验品种均表现为随着灌水次数的增加蛋白质含量减少,W1显著高于W2和W3.根据本研究结果可知,说明泰山23具有较好产量潜力和品种适应性.     

1-MCP和MA包装南水梨果实贮藏效果的影响

以南水梨果实为试材,分别研究了1-MCP处理对市售白袋和绿袋包装果实的冷藏期和货架期贮藏的果肉硬度、可溶性固形物(TSS)、可滴定酸含量和细胞膜相对透性以及果心褐变、果实腐烂和果柄保鲜的影响.结果表明:1-MCP处理在贮藏前期对南水梨的硬度和酸含量有一定的保持作用,抑制果肉细胞膜透性升高,抑制了TSS升高,有利于果柄保鲜,抑制了果心褐变,但对腐烂无明显作用.白袋的保鲜效果优于绿袋.