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M.J.B.M. Weljtens P.G.H. Bijker J. Van der Plas H.A.P. Urlings M.H. Biesheuvel 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(4):138-143
Summary Numerous epidemiological reports implicate foods of animal origin as vehicles of human campylobacteriosis. Pigs are probably an important reservoir of campylobacter and a potential source of human infection. In order to improve our knowledge of the epidemiology of campylobacter in pigs, the prevalence of campylobacter and its contamination of feed were monitored in eight pig farms. Faeces samples of pigs aged 11 and 22 weeks, and samples of rectal, ileal and gastric content at a slaughterhouse were collected for bacteriological examination. On 5 farms, subsequent groups of pigs housed in the same stalls was sampled, too. A selection of the campylobacter isolates was characterized with a genetic typing method (RFLP). More than 85% of the sampled porkers were shown to be intestinal carriers of campylobacter at all stages of fattening. Subsequent groups of pigs housed in the same stalls were all carriers, too. The level of campylobacters in the faeces tended to decrease as the pigs got older. There was no difference in the frequency and level of infection with campylobacter between porkers on different farms. The feeding system (wet feed versus dry pellets) did not seem to influence the prevalence of campylobacter although wet feed gave lower counts of Enterobacteriaceae in the faeces. RFLP‐typing showed a high diversity of campylobacter strains at each sampling on the farm. Similarities were seen between strains isolated during two subsequent samplings of the same group of pigs, but not between strains isolated on the same farm from subsequent groups of pigs housed in the same stall. This suggests that the piglets were already infected at a young age on the breeding farm. 相似文献
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为研究乙酰乙酸(Acetoacetic acid,AcAc)对奶牛中性粒细胞炎症信号通路的影响,以脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的奶牛中性粒细胞炎症模型为研究对象,利用qRT-PCR、生化和酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和IKKβ激酶活性。结果表明:1)qRT-PCR结果显示,与对照组相比较,LPS处理组IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-αmRNA的表达显著增强(P0.01)。与LPS处理组比较,LPS+AcAc混合处理组,其表达量显著下调(P0.05);2)生化检测结果显示,与对照组相比较,LPS处理组中性粒细胞IKKβ激酶活性显著增强(P0.01)。与LPS处理组比较,LPS+AcAc混合处理组IKKβ激酶活性则显著降低(P0.05);3)ELISA结果显示,与对照组相比较,LPS增加促炎因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的释放。相对于LPS处理组,LPS+AcAc混合处理组促炎因子的释放则显著降低(P0.01)。综上,AcAc可以抑制LPS诱导的奶牛中性粒细胞炎症信号通路的激活,具有一定的抗炎功能。 相似文献
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[目的]为了解2021年我国规模化牧场奶牛酮病发病情况和防控状况。[方法]本文选择105个规模化牧场进行调查,包括酮病发病率、诊断和监测方法、治疗方法、治愈率、防控方法和治疗成本等。[结果]牧场奶牛平均单产为9.7 t,酮病平均发病率为17.9%,高于国外控制目标。大多数牧场奶牛酮病诊断和监测,主要采用检测血液中β-羟丁酸浓度的方法,奶牛酮病治愈率无论单一或综合措施都达90%以上,奶牛酮病综合防控效果明显好于单一措施。[结论]目前我国规模化牧场奶牛酮病发病率控制目标、诊断和监测、治疗和防控仍需更多研究,完善和制定相应的技术规范,为规模化牧场奶牛酮病的高效防控提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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[目的]分析奶牛隐性乳房炎的发生情况,为隐性乳房炎的控制提供科学依据。[方法]以3个牛场2009年DHI报告的体细胞数大小来分析隐性乳房炎在不同牛场、泌乳阶段和胎次的发生情况。[结果]不同牛场隐性乳房炎发生率存在差异,牛场1泌乳牛隐性乳房炎的发生率显著低于另外2个场(P〈0.05)。随着泌乳时间的增加,奶牛隐性乳房炎的发生率呈增加的趋势,牛场3在第6、7、8和第12泌乳月隐性乳房炎的发生率显著高于其他泌乳月。随着胎次的增加,奶牛隐性乳房炎的发生率呈增加趋势,牛场1在4胎以后奶牛隐性乳房炎的发生率显著增加且与其他2个场差异不显著(P〉0.05)。[结论]奶牛隐性乳房炎的发生率与泌乳阶段和胎次有关,与牛场自身的饲养管理有关。各个牛场应根据自身条件及DHI结果采取相应的措施控制奶牛隐性乳房炎的发生。 相似文献
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J. H. van der Kolk J. J. Gross V. Gerber R. M. Bruckmaier 《The Veterinary quarterly》2017,37(1):262-273
In mammals, excess energy is stored primarily as triglycerides, which are mobilized when energy demands arise and cannot be covered by feed intake. This review mainly focuses on the role of long chain fatty acids in disturbed energy metabolism of the bovine species. Long chain fatty acids regulate energy metabolism as ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Carnitine acts as a carrier of fatty acyl groups as long-chain acyl-CoA derivatives do not penetrate the mitochondrial inner membrane. There are two different types of disorders in lipid metabolism which can occur in cattle, namely the hypoglycaemic-hypoinsulinaemic and the hyperglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic type with the latter not always associated with ketosis. There is general agreement that fatty acid β-oxidation capability is limited in the liver of (ketotic) cows. In accord, supplemental L-carnitine decreased liver lipid accumulation in periparturient Holstein cows. Of note, around parturition concurrent oxidation of fatty acids in skeletal muscle is highly activated. Also peroxisomal β-oxidation in liver of dairy cows may be part of the hepatic adaptations to a negative energy balance (NEB) to break down fatty acids. An elevated blood concentration of nonesterified fatty acids is one of the indicators of NEB in cattle among others like increased β-hydroxy butyrate concentration, and decreased concentrations of glucose, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-I. Assuming that liver carnitine concentrations might limit hepatic fatty acid oxidation capacity in dairy cows, further study of the role of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases and/or riboflavin in bovine ketosis is warranted. 相似文献
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