营养液对毛竹叶片效应的研究 Ⅱ.营养液对叶片光合性状影响

在毛竹丰产林中 ,设置 4块标准地 ,1 996年 1 1月注射毛竹营养液 ,1 997年夏在各注射和未注射营养液的标准地中取 1 992～ 1 997年生毛竹枝叶测定光合速率、光呼吸、暗呼吸、CO2 补偿点、光补偿点等光合性状。结果表明 ,施用毛竹营养液后叶质重、叶绿素含量明显提高 ,净光合速率增大 ,暗呼吸有所提高 ,光呼吸速率减小 ,CO2 补偿点和光补偿点明显下降 ,这些指标的改变有利于提高光合作用、增加有机质积累 ,有利于培养高产稳产竹林。     

半干旱区中华红叶杨引种试验

半干旱地区的引种实验表明,中华红叶杨成活率高（98%）,根系发达,冠幅高大,抗旱能力强。生长高峰期出现在7～9月,全年观叶期为197 d;年地径生长量3.5 cm,年树高生长量200.8 cm;该树种适宜在半干旱区推广栽。     

萃取大红袍花椒挥发油的研究

利用超临界CO2萃取装置，采用动态萃取的方法，研究了压力、温度、萃取时间等因子对花椒挥发油萃取的影响，为规模化生产及其相关研究提供了科学依据。研究表明，样品200g粒度40目，最佳的萃取条件为：压力33MPa，温度55℃，时间1．0h，花椒挥发油萃取率为10．2％。气-质联用分析花椒挥发油结果表明，挥发油为3-甲基-2氮杂芴、γ-萜品烯、3-蒈烯等31种化舍物组成。其中3-甲基-2-氮杂芴含量最高，达到18．63％。     

Geographical distribution of genetic variation in Stylosanthes scabra revealed by RAPD analysis

A large number of S. scabra accessions have been accumulated worldwide. The majority of them were collected from Brazil and most of the others came from either Colombia or Venezuela. One hundred of these accessions, selected to represent the geographical distribution of the S. scabra collection held at the Australian Tropical Forages Genetic Resource Centre, were analysed using RAPD as markers. Seven of these accessions were found not to be S. scabra. Of the S. scabra accessions, the average dissimilarity value among Brazilian accessions (0.053) was much lower than that among Colombian (0.074) or Venezuelan (0.088) accessions, with an overall dissimilarity value of 0.059 among all the S. scabra accessions. Based on their dissimilarity values, most of these accessions could be separated into five groups. Geographical distributions for most accessions in each of these groups were well defined. Limited long distance introductions/dispersions of S. scabra between these regions were detected and they were mainly confined to Brazilian genotypes. The clustering results based on RAPD were compared with those based on morphological-agronomical characters, and the groups produced by the two different methods did not always match. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

冬枣蜜蜂授粉与绿色防控技术集成应用及效果分析

为有效解决随枣树规模化种植出现的,枣树授粉过度依赖激素及病虫防控过度依赖化学农药的双重问题。通过建立示范区开展冬枣蜜蜂授粉与病虫绿色防控集成应用探索,集成了以保护蜜蜂、果品安全,提高蜜蜂授粉效率的配套技术。同时,采取田间小区试验研究蜜蜂授粉有效半径及蜜蜂授粉对枣树坐果、果实发育的影响,结果表明：4足框蜂群有效授粉半径为150 m。与常规赤霉素授粉相比,通过蜜蜂授粉畸形果率降低了57.14%;幼果纵茎、纵向周长、单果重量,分别增加2.25 mm、6.72 mm 和1.43 g。同时通过蜜蜂授粉可有效改善枣果品质、提高枣果商品率,较赤霉素授粉商品率提高7.1%,市场售价每kg增加1.5元。蜜蜂授粉可有效替代赤霉素授粉,保证枣树坐果,减少枣果畸形,提升枣果品质,增加果农收入。     

Interspecific cross‐hybrids of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. (gla.) S ‘K326’ with Nicotiana alata

In order to introduce the Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) resistance from Nicotiana alata into Nicotiana tabacum, a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line of N. tabacum (N. tabacum L. cv. (gla.) S ‘K326’), was successfully crossed with N. alata. Despite a high DNA content variability, F₁ hybrids could be classified in two subgroups, a major one encompassing fertile hybrids morphologically similar to their tobacco maternal parent but TSWV sensitive, and a minor one displaying sterile hybrids showing an intermediate phenotype and TSWV resistant. In order to elucidate the unexpected fertility recovery of the fertile F₁ plants, some N. alata fertility restoration ppr genes were cloned and were shown to be differentially expressed between parental lineages as well as between both F₁ subgroups, suggesting that N. alata contains fertility restoring allele able to overcome the CMS of N. tabacum.     

‘全红杨’在北京地区的引种栽培技术研究

为了探索‘全红杨’在北京地区能否引种成功,采用繁殖法、田间观察法、色素测定法、抗性分析法、市场调查法等多种方法,对从河南濮阳引种到北京地区的‘全红杨’进行多方面的研究。结果表明,‘全红杨’生长正常,能完成完整的生命活动周期;容易繁殖,其高位嫁接繁殖成活率83%,低位嫁接成活率85%,硬枝扦插成活率88%;色彩鲜艳又稳定,花青素含量高,测定值为0.0383 mg/g,比紫绿叶的‘中红杨’高83.25%,比绿色叶的‘加杨’高100.52%;抗性表现良好,耐寒又耐瘠薄;经济价值高,高接苗比中红杨市场售价高2倍以上。依据引种标准判断,‘全红杨’在北京地区引种成功,同时,通过2个年度的栽培管理与观察,得出‘全红杨’栽培管理技术要点,希望为进一步扩繁栽培提供参考依据。     

‘冬枣’子代种子萌发及下胚轴诱导愈伤组织研究

为实施‘冬枣’遗传改良方案,以采自山西柳林自然授粉获得的‘冬枣’子代种子为材料,测量种子横、纵径、种仁率等基本形态指标,并进一步研究种子萌发最适条件和下胚轴诱导愈伤组织适宜培养基。结果表明：（1）‘冬枣’子代种子横径为(8.62±0.05) mm,纵径为(17.95±0.05) mm,千粒重为(54.27±4.62) g,种仁率为(64.17±3.82)%,‘冬枣’属于种仁率较高的枣树品种。（2）种仁在含有GA3 0.4 g/L的萌发培养基中预处理24 h后接种到萌发培养基上,最有利于种仁萌发,萌发率可达100%;液体萌发培养基稍好于固体萌发培养基,但未达显著水平。（3）下胚轴诱导愈伤组织的适宜培养基为1/2MS+ TDZ 1.0 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L,诱导率为(60.00±3.02)%。     

林下经济雷竹产业发展研究分析--以弋阳县为例

根据弋阳县雷竹发展现状,结合当前林下经济发展形势,提出该县近几年林下经济雷竹产业发展目标及研究分析。