番茄叶霉病菌拮抗链霉菌BPS2发酵条件的研究

(1吉林省农业科学院，公主岭 136100；2东北农业大学资源与环境学院，哈尔滨 150030； 3吉林农业大学农学院，长春 130118)     

利用同源菌株融合改良农抗5102产生菌Ⅰ.原生质体的制备、再生和融合

报道了农抗５１０２产生菌同源菌株９０－１１、ＦＲ－００８及ＷＨ－１相互之间融合研究的前期结果。３菌株原生质体制备的适宜酶解温度和时间均为３２℃和１．０～１．５ｈ，但所需溶菌酶量则有异：９０－１１为２～４ｍｇ／ｍｌ，ＦＲ－００８为６ｍｇ／ｍｌ，ＷＨ－１为２ｍｇ／ｍｌ。将各菌株的原生质体在－２０℃下冻存１个月内的相对再生率可维持在７０％以上，２个月以内仍可达６０％以上。以５０％ＰＥＧ１０００诱导融合各组合的融合频率是，９０－１１×ＷＨ－１为１０－２，ＦＲ－００８×－９０－１１以及ＦＲ－００８×ＷＨ－１均为１０－３。     

吸水链霉菌桂林新变种的分类研究

从广西桂林的土壤中分离到一株链霉菌（编号为２３４５），它的发酵产物对线虫、菜青虫、松毛虫等畜禽寄生虫及作物害虫等的防治效果显著，它对一些格兰氏阳性菌也有明显的抑制作用，对其进行分类学研究的结果如下：按照链霉菌的分类法，该菌细胞成份属于细胞壁Ｉ型，糖Ｃ型。该菌在高氏培养基、ＩＳＰ－４等培养基上产生丰富的孢子，在斜面上则呈现一片褐色斑。该菌在培养特征、碳源利用以及形态特征等方面均近似于淡紫灰吸水链霉菌，但对淀粉利用能力很强。另外，它对枯草杆菌、藤黄八叠球菌等阳性菌的抗菌作用强，尤其是它的发酵产物可以杀死禽畜体内的线虫，故属淡紫灰吸水链霉菌桂林变种Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓｌａｖｅｎｄｕｌｏｈｙｇｒｏｓｃｏｐｉｃｕｓｖａｒ．ｇｕｉｌｉｎｎ．Ｘｉａ．     

Temporal association of potato tuber development with susceptibility to common scab and Streptomyces scabiei‐induced responses in the potato periderm

Using hydroponics and novel non‐destructive pot culture systems which enable inoculation at specific tuber development stages, the dynamics of common scab infection patterns in potato were studied in order to provide more precise identification of tuber physiological factors associated with susceptibility. At the whole‐tuber level, infection percentages were greatest when Streptomyces scabiei inoculation occurred early; at 2 weeks after tuberization (WAT) 68% of tubers became infected, contrasting with late inoculation (8 WAT), when only 4% infection occurred. The first‐formed internodes were most susceptible to infection, whilst later‐forming and slower‐expanding internodes were less susceptible. Detailed tuber physiological examination of internode 2 showed that pathogen‐induced changes, including increased phellem (periderm) thickness, cell layers and phellem suberization (key physiological features believed critical to S. scabiei infection) were promoted through S. scabiei inoculation. Sequential harvesting showed enhanced phellem suberization (28% greater than the control) within 7 days of pathogen exposure, while phellem thickness and layer responses were also initiated early in the infection process (10–14 days after pathogen exposure) and these responses were independent of symptom expression. Differences in cultivar response were observed, with greater phellem suberization observed 10 days after tuberization (DAT) in the common‐scab‐tolerant cv. Russet Burbank than in the susceptible cv. Desiree. Likewise, Russet Burbank had thicker and more numerous cell layers in the phellem (up to eight cell layers) during early tuber growth (20–30 DAT) than Desiree (up to six cell layers).     

Cell-Associated Adsorption of Thorium or Uranium from Aqueous System Using Various Microorganisms

The cell-associated adsorption of thorium or uranium from the solution containing each metal only at pH 3.50 using various microorganisms was examined. Among the species tested, high thorium adsorption abilities were exhibited by strains of the gram-positive bacteria Arthrobacter nicotianae IAM12342, Bacillus megaterium IAM1166, B. Subtilis IAM1026, Micrococcus luteus IAM1056, Rhodococcus erythropolis IAM1399, and Streptomyces levoris HUT6156. And high uranium adsorption abilities were found in some gram-positive bacterial strains S. albus HUT6047, S. levoris HUT6156, and A. nicotianae IAM12342. Among these highly efficient thorium and uranium adsorbing microorganisms, S. levoris, which could adsorb the largest amount of uranium from the aqueous solution at pH 3.50, could adsorb about 383 mol thorium and 390 mol uranium per gram dry weight of microbial cells from the solution containing thorium or uranium at pH 3.50. The amount and time course of thorium adsorbed were almost unaffected by co-existing uranium; however, the adsorption of thorium was faster when carried out after the adsorption of uranium. Thorium adsorption also became faster when uranium was added after thorium adsorption. The effect of pH on thorium adsorption was also discussed.     

塔里木盆地胀果甘草内生放线菌多样性及抗菌活性分析

目的从臭椿中分离内生放线菌,测试其代谢产物的体外抑菌活性。方法采用4种培养基分离臭椿组织中的内生放线菌,采用琼脂移块法和平板对峙法研究臭椿内生放线菌的抑菌活性,通过形态特征和16S rRNA 序列分析对高活性菌株进行菌种鉴定。结果4 种培养基中以HV培养基分离效果最为理想;从臭椿组织中共分离纯化获得45株内生放线菌,有26株菌株对指示菌表现出不同程度的抗菌活性,占总分离菌株的57.78%;其中,菌株AAA19对6种供试菌株均有抑制能力,拮抗作用最强,菌种鉴定结果表明该内生放线菌为抗生素链霉菌(Streptomyces antibioticus)。结论臭椿内生放线菌具有抗菌作用,菌株AAA19具有潜在的开发应用价值。     

利迪链霉菌A02诱导番茄抗灰霉病作用机制研究——对植株防御酶系的影响

利用利迪链霉菌生防菌株A02发酵液和番茄灰霉病菌对番茄植株进行诱导和接种处理,利用分光光度法测定处理前和处理后1~5 d番茄叶片组织的主要防御酶系——苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶的活性变化。试验结果显示,不接种灰霉病菌而单独诱导处理、接种灰霉病菌后诱导处理和诱导处理后接种灰霉病菌这3种处理都能提高番茄植株各防御酶系的活性,后者酶活性峰值最高,对番茄植株灰霉病的抑制作用也最明显,控制效果达94.92%。     

Rapid Mining of Novel α-Glucosidase and Lipase Inhibitors from Streptomyces sp. HO1518 Using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS

A rapid and sensitive method using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) was applied for the analysis of the metabolic profile of acarviostatin-containing aminooligosaccharides derived from Streptomyces sp. HO1518. A total of ninety-eight aminooligosaccharides, including eighty potential new compounds, were detected mainly based on the characteristic fragment ions originating from quinovosidic bond cleavages in their molecules. Following an LC-MS-guided separation technique, seven new aminooligosaccharides (10–16) along with four known related compounds (17–20) were obtained directly from the crude extract of strain HO1518. Compounds 10–13 represent the first examples of aminooligosaccharides with a rare acarviostatin II02-type structure. In addition, all isolates displayed considerable inhibitory effects on three digestive enzymes, which revealed that the number of the pseudo-trisaccharide core(s), the feasible length of the oligosaccharides, and acyl side chain exerted a crucial influence on their bioactivities. These results demonstrated that the UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based metabolomics approach could be applied for the rapid identification of aminooligosaccharides and other similar structures in complex samples. Furthermore, this study highlights the potential of acylated aminooligosaccharides with conspicuous α-glucosidase and lipase inhibition for the future development of multi-target anti-diabetic drugs.     

香兰素的生物转化研究

天然香兰素一直是香精香料行业关注的重点。本文介绍一株链霉菌L1936，它能以阿魏酸和香兰素为唯一碳源生长，且能将阿魏酸转化为香兰素。并发现阿魏酸是生产香兰素的一种非常好的底物，添加量可达12g／L。测试了链霉菌L1936对阿魏酸的转化能力，能够将6g／L阿魏酸转化为2．02g/L香兰素，相应的摩尔转化率为42．97％。而且此株链霉菌具有一种与其它菌株完全不同的代谢流。在转化阿魏酸时，当香草酸的积累量达到200mg／L时，就开始积累香兰素作为代谢的主要过量合成产物。流加两次底物阿魏酸后，产物浓度达到4．38g/L，相应的摩尔转化率为44．58％。     

Precise, simple screening for resistance in potato varieties to common scab using paper pots

Resistance to common scab pathogen Streptomyces turgidiscabies of seven potato varieties was compared in the field with a newly developed paper pot method. Seedlings raised in soil in paper pots containing inocula at 1 × 10³ to 10⁷cfu/g soil were transplanted into a scab-free field and grown for 3 months. The disease severity of the seven varieties in the field trials differed in iteration and from year to year, even though their resistance levels were approximately similar at the expected levels. With the paper pot method, the seven varieties had different resistance levels, which were almost completely consistent with the results of the field trials, at more than 1 × 10⁵cfu/g soil. Significant differences in disease severity between resistant and susceptible varieties were observed (P = 0.05) for 2 years, and the resistance level of the varieties was elucidated.