冻结方式和冻藏条件对冻藏水蜜桃果浆品质的影响

为了探究冻结方式和储藏条件对冻藏水蜜桃果浆品质的影响,本文分别检测了在气流速冻和液浸速冻、-10℃和-18℃储藏、有无静电场辅助冻藏的加工储藏条件下水蜜桃果浆色泽、含酸量、含糖量、果胶含量、酚含量等指标的变化。结果表明:冻藏的前15天解冻,水蜜桃果浆的酸、酚含量均大量降低;液浸速冻可以更好地保持果浆色泽、含酸量、果胶含量和酚类物质含量;与-18℃冻藏的水蜜桃相比,-10℃储藏的水蜜桃果浆除含糖量外,其他营养损失较大;储藏时施加静电场可以减少总酸、总糖、总酚、果胶含量的损失,并能有效抑制果胶酶活力。总体来看,经90 d冻藏之后,水蜜桃果浆仍然能保持较好的品质;液浸速冻加工后,在静电场辅助下于-18℃冻藏的水蜜桃果浆具有更好的品质。     

Box-Behnken 设计 - 响应面法优化感应静电喷雾参数

为了探究静电喷雾过程中多因素对荷质比的影响,采用感应荷电方式,先对4种孔径喷嘴的荷质比进行试验,选取一个荷质比变化较显著的喷嘴,然后采用单因素试验方法,分别对充电电压、喷雾压力、药液电导率3个因素进行试验,探讨各因素对荷质比的影响规律。在此基础上采用Box-Behnken设计-响应面法以TXVK-3型喷嘴的充电电压、喷雾压力、药液电导率进行3因素3水平的优化试验,确定最优参数。结果表明,在电压6.9 kV、喷雾压力0.3 MPa、药液电导率13.9 mS/cm时,平均荷质比为-0.227 mC/kg,相对误差不到2%。     

矿用高压开关电器短路开断与关合试验电源

针对国内冲击发电机性能参数不足,以国外冲击发电机作为试验电源,建立基于直接试验法的矿用高压开关电器短路开断与关合试验系统,提出了一种新的技术解决方案。仿真试验结果表明,该方案满足综合性煤矿高压电气实验室建设项目技术指标和试验标准要求,为大容量开断与关合试验系统设计和建造提供一种技术思路。     

汽车电路的电压降要求及其控制方法

不同的用电器有着不同的额定工作电压和额定工作电流,且偏差不宜过大,否则会损坏电气设备或电路,从而影响其功能,甚至是丧失其功能.因此,在进行汽车设计时,要把启动、ECU等相关功能和部件的电压降设计及其控制作为重中之重.     

外源性金属硫蛋白对中国荷斯坦奶牛血淋巴细胞凋亡/坏死及线粒体膜电位的影响

选取20头处于热应激环境的泌乳奶牛,随机分成A、B、C和D组4组,分别按剂量0.0(对照),4.0,8.0和16.0 mg/头静脉注射金属硫蛋白(MT),以探讨外源性MT对奶牛淋巴细胞凋亡、坏死和线粒体膜电位(ΔΨm)的影响。结果表明,注射MT后,在51~60 d时,校正标准产奶量B、C和D组均显著性高于A组(P<0.05); 35 d时C组(8 mg/头)的血淋巴细胞凋亡率显著性低于B、D组(P<0.05),但与A组无显著性差异(P>0.05),D组(16 mg/头)35 d时凋亡率达到最大,随后(50~60 d)显著性下降(P<0.05);细胞的坏死率A组50 d时较1 d时显著下降(P<0.05),C组(8 mg/头)35,50 d时显著下降(P<0.05),但60 d时开始呈上升趋势(P>0.05),而D组(16 mg/头)坏死率呈现下降趋势,且在50,60 d时均显著低于注射MT之前的血淋巴细胞坏死率;35 d时,A组的线粒体膜电位值(ΔΨm)最高,但上升速度最快的是B组(4 mg/头),在35 d时显著高于20 d时的ΔΨm (P<0.05);50 d时A组和B组的ΔΨm不但不上升,反而下降,其中A组下降的速度更快,35~50 d C组(8 mg/头)保持基本恒定,60 d略有上升,D组(16 mg/头)1~35 d时逐步上升,50~60 d时保持恒定。在60 d时,ΔΨm与注射MT浓度呈正相关。说明外源性MT不仅能提高热应激状态动物的体质,还可让泌乳母牛从热应激状态平稳的过渡到热应激损伤修复状态,若注射8~16 mg/头,能抑制南方泌乳母牛夏季热应激引起的滞后效应。     

高电源抑制比、低温飘带隙基准电压源的设计

采用TSMC 0.18μm CMOS工艺,设计了一种电源电压为3 V、基准输出为1.25 V的高电源抑制比、低温度系数的带隙基准电压源电路.Cadence Spectre仿真结果表明,该基准源具有较好的温度特性,在-40~125℃温度范围内,温度系数为3.5×10-6.℃-1;电源电压在2.7~3.6 V范围内波动时,电源电压调整率为72μV.V-1;具有良好的电源电压抑制特性,最高抑制比可达89 dB,在10 kHz处可实现45 dB的电源电压抑制比.     

高压静电场处理对鲜核桃保鲜效果的影响

以"中林1号"鲜核桃为试材,采用-100 k V/m高压静电场对其分别处理1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 h,并辅以0.03 mm厚聚乙烯(PE)保鲜袋包装,于(0±1)℃下贮藏,研究不同时间的高压静电场处理对鲜核桃的保鲜效果。结果表明,贮前采用高压静电场处理1.5 h可延缓鲜核桃呼吸高峰的出现,降低呼吸峰值,提高鲜核桃青皮SOD活性,抑制POD和PPO活性,减少鲜核桃青皮中总酚的损失,降低腐烂指数,延长保鲜期,具有较好的保鲜效果。     

Effects of charging voltage,application speed,target height,and orientation upon charged spray deposition on leaf abaxial and adaxial surfaces

Wastage of agricultural chemicals and ensuing environmental pollution is an issue, where ineffective spray deposition is a major concern with conventional pesticide application methods. Electrostatic spraying is known to be one of the most effective methods to improve leaf abaxial (underside) surface deposition, overall deposition, and distribution on the plant targets. Deposition of charged sprays on leaf abaxial and adaxial (upper) surfaces as influenced by the spray charging voltage (system), application speed (operational), target height and orientation (target) parameters was studied in the laboratory. An air-assisted electrostatic induction spray charging system attached to a moving carriage was used to apply charged spray at uniform application (ground) speeds. Spray deposition (101–71 μm NMD), determined using a fluorescent tracer technique increased with charging (0–5.5 mC kg⁻¹) on leaf abaxial and decreased with charging on adaxial surface. The deposition was higher on abaxial (0.66–1.33 μg cm⁻²) at 30° below (horizontal plane) and on adaxial (0.78–1.79 μg cm⁻²) at 0° (horizontal) target orientation for lower (0.278 m s⁻¹) application speed. At all target heights, abaxial deposition increased with charging voltage (0–4.0 kV) for medium application speed (0.417 m s⁻¹) and adaxial deposition decreased with charging voltage for lower application speed (0.278 m s⁻¹). The medium application speed with higher charging voltage was optimum for abaxial and adaxial deposition. The droplet velocity and charging voltage were the key factors for obtaining desired spray deposition on targets. All the selected factors including target orientation (O), application speed (S), target surface (L), and charging voltage (V), and their interactions except between O and S were significant at lower (0.35 m) and medium (0.65 m) target heights. All the factors and their interactions except between O and V were significant at higher (0.95 m) height. Electrostatically charged spray improved the underside (abaxial) and overall deposition. The deposition was substantially influenced by factors such as charging voltage, application speed, plant target height, and target orientation.     

浅谈降低接地电阻值的常用方式

限定接触电压和跨步电压的高低,就是确定了接地电阻允许值的大小。该文介绍了几种降低接地电阻值的常用方法：降低电阻系数的土壤、采用加盐等人工处理法和外引式接地等方法。