发展与创新现代土壤科学

本文针对国际土壤学发展趋向 ,在总结半个世纪以来我国土壤学发展的理论与实践的基础上 ,对我国现代土壤学的理论基础、研究核心、重要内容、根本任务、重要动力及战略目标进行了论述 ,最后提出了现代土壤科学发展的理论框架。     

以培育珍稀大径级材为抓手构建木材战略储备安全体系--安徽省建立国家木材战略储备基地的思考

珍稀大径级材树种是国家木材战略储备基地建设的重要组成部分。本文探讨了珍稀大径级材在安徽省培育的重要性、紧迫性和有利条件等,并提出了相应的培育途经、技术路线和保障措施,旨在为安徽省珍稀大径级材的培育,提升森林质量,建立国家木材战略储备基地,提供理论指导。     

Future development of the Leningrad region forests under nature-oriented forest management

Russian forests are of high importance for the Russian economy, the European wood market, for nature conservation, and for carbon sequestration. However, the ongoing changes in forest management and administration in Russia led to uncertainty about forest ownership, wood harvesting levels, and long-term impacts of alternative management plans. Therefore, better insight in their current and future state is highly desirable. We present a study for the Leningrad region forests in which alternative management regimes for wood production and nature conservation values are balanced in varying ways. The total forest land area in the Leningrad region forest fund is 4.8 million ha. Coniferous species dominate and due to the natural succession occurring, the forests are divers in vertical structurally.

A timber assessment model was used to project the forest until 2040. Five forest management scenarios were run. Special attention was paid to a scenario that simulates recovery of the Russian forest sector in combination with the incorporation of a ‘set-aside for nature conservation’ policy. All scenarios showed that recovery of the forest sector in the Leningrad region is biologically feasible. A sustainable continuous annual production of 10.6 million m³ per year (2.8 m³ ha⁻¹ per year) by 2040 was found. The ‘Recovery with Nature Conservation’ scenario showed that recovery of the forest sector in combination with the establishment of set-aside areas is very well feasible. It was possible to set aside 28% of the forest area for nature conservation while still developing a forest sector to a production level higher than that achieved in the late eighties.

The timber assessment model applied was not specifically designed to incorporate nature-oriented forest management. We, therefore, discuss ways of improving the required methodology to analyse long-term effects of nature-oriented forest management in Europe.     

Strategic planning for new woodlands in the urban periphery: through the lens of social inclusiveness

Current strategies for creating new woodlands in the urban periphery aim to provide as many people as possible with a recreational green space close to where they live. When taking a socially inclusive approach, however, this also involves a number of ‘distributional’ questions. These refer to the kind of people likely to benefit the most from such a plan: urban or suburban residents, low or high-income groups, and so forth. This article presents a GIS-based working method aimed at exploring different options for urban woodland proposals with regard to their positioning in relation to residential areas, as well as the socio-spatial characteristics of those areas. The example of seven possible locations for a new ‘peri-urban forest’ in Antwerp, Belgium was used to demonstrate the method's potential to address relevant questions in socially inclusive planning and hence, to improve strategic planning for new urban woodlands.     

中国畜牧企业战略资本保护与管理对策

战略资本成为企业构建核心竞争力和称雄市场的法宝．是企业最可宝贵的财富。以知识产权、战略知识、自主创新能力等无形资产构成的战略资本成为企业在激烈的市场竞争中站稳脚跟并发展壮大的杀手锏。在未来,畜牧企业自觉将战略资本运营纳入企业资本运营的总体规划,实实在在将战略资本利用好,提高运营效果。全面构建持久竞争优势的源泉,使企业得到可持续发展,将成为畜牧企业战略管理的新潮流。战略资本已成为畜牧企业发展的助推器。     

Effectiveness of a community-based strategic anthelmintic treatment programme in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fasciola gigantica</Emphasis> in cattle in Kilolo district,Tanzania

A longitudinal demonstration project was carried out in 2005/2006 for thirteen months to determine the effectiveness of a strategic community-based worm control (CBWC) programme in the control of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes and Fasciola gigantica in cattle. Two villages namely, a CBWC village (Ilula-Masukanzi) and a village without CBWC (Kilolo-Luganga) were randomly selected in Kilolo district, Iringa region of Tanzania. Animals in both villages were under the traditional management system and used the village communal grazing area. At the village with CBWC, 60 zebu cattle (6–18 months old) from 10 farms in the village were selected and ear tagged for monthly sampling and weghing. A strategic CBWC programme was instituted whereby all animals in the village (tagged and non-tagged) were treated with albendazole 10% drench at 10 mg/kg four times a year e.g. middle of the rainy season (February), end of the rainy season (May), middle of the dry season (September) and late dry/early rainy season (December). In the village without CBWC, 68 zebu cattle (6–18 months old) from 11 farms in the village were selected and tagged for monthly sampling and weighing. Farmers in the village without CBWC were allowed to continue with their normal management practices including anthelmintic treatments. Faecal and blood samples from tagged animals and pasture samples from communal grazing areas were collected on monthly basis for 13 months. Results showed that strategic CBWC programme was highly effective in reducing faecal egg counts (FEC) and the proportion of animals passing Fasciola eggs in faeces. The strategic CBWC significantly reduced FEC of animals by an average of 60% compared to animals at the village without CBWC (P < 0.01). Four strategic CBWC treatments per year significantly reduced the proportion of animals passing Fasciola eggs in faeces by an average of 82.5% compared to animals at the village without CBWC (P < 0.05). From commencement to the end of the trial, animals at the village with CBWC significantly outgained animals at the village without CBWC by an average of 13.9 kg per year (P < .05). It is concluded that strategic CBWC programme was highly effective in reducing FEC, reducing the proportion of animals passing Fasciola eggs in faeces and improved weight gain in animals.     

生态系统健康:战略环境评价的生态可持续性目标

战略环境评价与生态系统健康是两种新兴的环境管理思想。本研究的目的在于通过对相关文献进行综述,探讨战略环境评价的生态可持续性目标,以及生态系统健康的内涵,并试图探寻二者之间存在的关联。研究发现,好的战略环境评价其生态可持续性原则应当具有明晰的内涵以及一般性的评价体系。根据生态系统健康的内涵,构建了生态系统健康评价框架,把它引入战略环境评价作为战略环境评价的生态可持续性目标定位,能有效引导决策者制定合理的本土化评价方案。最后,讨论了基于生态系统健康目标的战略环境评价的基本原则与程序。图2参12。     

江西循环经济发展现状·战略定位和主要措施

分析了江西循环经济发展所取得的主要成效和面临的困难,提出了发展江西循环经济的战略定位和主要措施。     

安徽省木材资源合理利用战略研究

本文对安徽省木材资源合理利用进行了调查、分析和处理,作出了我省木材工业技术水平8项指标的综合评价,提出了我省木材工业存在的问题是:森林资源不足、木材供需矛盾突出;产业结构和产品结构不合理;工业技术水平低;长期存在着条块分割、部门分割,缺乏宏观控制等。通过研究提出了木材和人造板的需求与供给预测,以及2000年的战略目标,对存在的问题提出了相应的对策与措施。     

Swedish green space management – The managers perspective

This study has initiated the first stages of assessing the current state of Swedish parks through the use of a comprehensive survey sent to all Swedish park managers during the spring of 2016. The aim was to review the state of the Swedish public parks and undertake an assessment and analysis of the key issues and challenges that public parks in Sweden are currently facing. The Park Managers Survey was carried out as an online questionnaire sent to all local community (municipal) park managers and park departments in Sweden. The survey addressed issues of finance and resourcing; the quantity and quality of parks being managed; organizational arrangements for maintenance; information on park visitors and volunteers; and, issues of strategic policy making. The Swedish municipal green space managers regard the current quality of their green spaces to be fine and budgets for upkeep sufficient, just as they look optimistically into the nearest future. Their nearest future does not seem to have focus on voluntary support and alliances with local stakeholders in relation to the actual maintenance of green spaces. Both these trends contradict their UK counterparts. Swedish managers seem to be building a strong organization internally, and do not expect to increase the current use of private contractors. In general, we conclude that Swedish green space managers look optimistically to the nearest future.