鲁西南地区甜叶菊叶枯病发生原因与防治措施

综合分析了5年的研究资料,探讨了鲁西南地区甜叶菊叶枯病的病原及其发生规律。初步明确影响本地区叶枯病发生流行的气象因子,主要有相对湿度、温度、降水量等,并提出了相应综合防治措施。     

甜叶菊组织培养条件的研究Ⅱ.不同基本培养基、不同碳源对愈伤组织形成及芽诱导的影响

以MS为基本培养基进行甜叶菊组织培养 ,培养物生长速度快 ,分化频率高 ;以蔗糖作碳源的培养物 ,其愈伤组织诱导率、出芽率均比葡萄糖、麦芽糖作碳源的高。     

明菊1号选育·特征特性·高产栽培技术

[目的]介绍高产、高糖苷含量的甜叶菊(Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)新品种明菊1号。[方法]对高糖苷含量甜叶菊新品种明菊1号的选育过程、特征特性、产量表现及栽培技术要点进行综述。[结果]2011年通过安徽省非主要农作物品种鉴定登记委员会审定,命名为明菊1号。在安徽明光等地种植,平均产量约为3 270 kg/hm2,比守田2号(CK)增产11.5%。总甜菊糖苷含量占干叶重11%以上,RA3含量超过70%。[结论]该研究可为明菊1号的推广应用提供理论论据。     

中国甜菊和甜菊糖甙的分型研究

本文依据甜味成分,首先论述了分型的意义:1) 甜味成分R- A( 甜菊A3 甙:Rebaudioside A)优于St( 甜菊甙:Stevioside) ,甜度R- A 是St 的1 .4～1 .5 倍,是蔗糖的385～450 倍,口感R- A 比St更接近蔗糖;2) 甜味成分含量高低具有多样性,是分型的科学依据;3) 优质化是一个过程,进行分型并规范标准已十分必要。其次,阐述了分型标准:分述了以R- A 占有率为依据的甜菊叶和甜菊糖甙的分型,包括R- A 型和St 型的分型判断式和分型简式。同时提出R- A占有率不等同的A、B、C三级制的型级标准。     

Productivity of two stevia varieties under reduced irrigation and fertilization inputs

A 3-year field study was conducted in central Greece to determine the productivity of two stevia [(Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni] varieties (‘Morita’ and ‘Candy-stevia’) under normal and reduced irrigation (100% and 75% of the evapotranspiration) and fertilization [1:0.8:1.1 or 1:0.4:0.8 N:P:K ratio in the first year and only N fertilization (100% or 74% of the recommended rate) in the second and third years] inputs. Averaged across years, stevia cv. Morita achieved greater dry leaf yield (3.48 t ha^?1) than the cv. Candy-stevia (2.85 t ha^?1). Irrigation and fertilization inputs did not significantly affect stevia cv. Morita dry leaf and steviol glycosides (stevioside plus rebaudioside-A) yields; however, decreasing irrigation and fertilization caused slight reduction of cv. Candy-stevia yields. In cv. Morita leaves, the concentrations of stevioside and rebaudioside-A ranged from 5.97% to 7.78% and 3.73% to 4.79%, respectively, while the corresponding concentrations in cv. Candy-stevia leaves were 8.21–9.36% and 3.89–6.33%. Conclusively, both stevia varieties could achieve satisfactory dry leaf biomass and steviol glycosides yield, even when grown under reduced irrigation (at 75% of evapotranspiration) and reduced N fertilization (74% of the recommended rate). Thus, stevia could represent an alternative crop to tobacco in the Mediterranean conditions.     

Large scale in vitro propagation of Stevia rebaudiana (bert) for commercial application: Pharmaceutically important and antidiabetic medicinal herb

Stevia rebaudiana is a valuable medicinal plant species and it is being used for the treatment of diabetes. Currently, there is a high demand for raw material of this medicinal herb due to ever increasing diabetes disorder among the population. In order to meet the increased demand an efficient in vitro propagation of S. rebaudiana was established. Nodal explants collected from the field were cultured on MS basal medium fortified with different concentrations of BAP (0.5-3.0 mg/l) and KIN (0.5-3.0 mg/l) individually for shoot bud induction. In vitro derived nodal buds were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations (0.5-3.0 mg/l) of BAP and KIN for multiple shoot bud regeneration. In the second experiment, in vitro derived buds were placed on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0.5-3.0 mg/l) in combination with 0.5 mg/l IAA or IBA or NAA for shoot bud multiplication. The highest frequency (94.50%) of multiple shoot regeneration with maximum number of shoots (15.69 shoots/explant) was noticed on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP. For large scale plant production, in vitro derived nodal bud explants were cultured on MS medium fortified with 1.0 mg/l BAP, in which about 123 shoots/explant were obtained after three subcultures on the same media composition. Elongated shoots (>2 cm) dissected out from the in vitro proliferated shoot clumps were cultured on half-strength MS medium containing different concentrations of NAA (0.1-0.5 mg/l) and/or MS medium fortified with various concentrations (0.5-2.0 mg/l) of auxins (NAA, IAA and IBA) for root induction. Highest frequency of rooting (96%) was noticed on half-strength MS medium augmented with 0.4 mg/l NAA. The rooted plantlets were successfully transferred into plastic cups containing sand and soil in the ratio of 1:2 and subsequently established in the greenhouse. The present in vitro propagation protocol would facilitate an alternative method for rapid and large-scale production of this important antidiabetic medicinal plant.     

干旱胁迫对甜叶菊生理指标及单株干叶产量的影响

为了给干旱胁迫条件下的甜叶菊栽培管理提供理论依据,利用温室盆栽法研究了干旱胁迫对不同种质材料甜叶菊生理指标及干叶产量的影响。结果表明:正常水分处理下5份甜叶菊种质材料的可溶性蛋白质含量、相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)及甜叶菊单株干叶产量不同。随着干旱时间的持续,5份甜叶菊种质材料的可溶性蛋白质含量均表现为下降趋势,仅IS-1在T3(停止灌溉15天)略有上升;5份甜叶菊种质材料相对电导率均出现较平稳的显著增加;IS-1和AL-4叶片MDA的含量随着干旱胁迫时间的持续先降低后升高,而QF-1、‘青甜杂4’及JD-1叶片MDA的含量持续升高;SOD与POD的活性均表现出先升高后降低再升高的变化趋势;5份甜叶菊种质材料的单株干叶产量均出现不同程度的下降趋势。相同处理中不同材料的相同指标变化程度不同,说明其抗旱能力不同:其中IS-1最强,QF-1最弱,其他3份材料的抗旱性顺序分别为:AL-4>‘青甜杂4’>JD-1。     

Response of stevia to nitrogen fertilization and harvesting regime in northeastern Portugal

The adaptation of stevia to the growing conditions of NE Portugal is assessed, including the tolerance of this species to cold temperatures, and the potential to produce biomass when grown as an annual crop and when subjected to various nitrogen (N) rates and two harvesting regimes. Almost all the plants died during the winter of 2014 (minimum temperatures peaked at ?8.0°C), making it necessary to replant the crop the following spring. With the best cutting regime (double cut) and N rate (150 kg N ha^?1), 1514.4 and 2390.0 kg ha^?1 of dry leaves were produced, respectively, in 2014 and 2015. Leaf chlorophyll concentrations estimated by the SPAD (Soil and Plant Analysis Development)-502 chlorophyll meter and a NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) carried out by the Field Scout CM 1000 spectroradiometer showed significant differences among N rates, proving to be good indicators of plant N nutritional status. Based on the leaf analysis, provisional sufficiency ranges for N are proposed, namely 25–35 g kg^?1 for mid-summer and 15–25 g kg^?1 for early autumn. The fluorescence of chlorophyll a and the transient fluorescence intensity performed by the OS-30p+ fluorometer failed to show any stress induced by no-N control treatments in comparison to N-treated plants.     

甜叶菊水浸液处理蚕豆根尖细胞的抗畸变效应

[目的]探究甜叶菊水浸液对蚕豆根尖细胞有无毒害或抗致畸作用,为甜叶菊作为饮品开发提供参考依据。[方法]利用微核检验技术,测试蚕豆根尖细胞染色体在N1甜-叶菊水浸液、CK＋-烟草水浸液、N2烟-草和茶混合水浸液以及N3烟-草、甜叶菊混合水浸液处理下的微核发生率。[结果]N1组的微核发生率与阴性对照差异不显著;N2组的微核抑制率达到81.09%;N3组的微核抑制率达到66.04%。[结论]甜叶菊水浸液对蚕豆根尖细胞无毒害;甜叶菊水浸液可明显降低烟毒所致的蚕豆根尖细胞微核发生率;甜叶菊水浸液对烟毒所致的蚕豆根尖细胞微核发生率抑制效果低于茶叶水浸液。     

鲁西南甜叶菊扦插育苗及优质高产栽培技术

2008年任城区为避免甜叶菊因品种退化、施肥不合理、病虫害加重造成产量降低、品质变差,出现卖叶难或叶贱伤农的不利局面,再创甜叶菊产业新辉煌,进行了甜叶菊扦插育苗及优质高产栽培技术的研究与应用,现已形成从品种更新、扦插育苗到收获贮藏的一整套比较完整的优质高产栽培技术。