吉林莫莫格白鹤春季行为研究

白鹤属大型涉禽,仅分布于亚洲地区,其东亚种群数量为3 750只左右;由于环境变迁,种群数量越来越少,已被列为国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物。为阐明在沼泽湿地生态系统环境中白鹤春季的活动规律以及各种行为的时间分配,于2010年4月15日～5月13日,在吉林莫莫格国家级自然保护区对白鹤春季迁徙期行为进行了初步研究。白鹤的各种行为的时间分配依次为:觅食占64.34%、静栖占4.42%、警戒占13.92%、游走占4.57%、理羽占11.51%、其他(包括打斗、飞行、呜叫等情况)占2.56%。成体与亚成体白鹤、雄鹤与雌鹤在行为和时间分配上有明显差异,在觅食时间上雌鹤高出雄鹤10%左右,雄鹤的警戒时间高于雌鹤。     

N肥不同追施处理对长白落叶松播种苗生长的影响

采用裂区试验设计,研究N肥不同追施处理对长白落叶松播种苗生长的影响.结果表明:施肥次数和施肥量分别对苗高和地径生长产生显著影响;间隔期为11d的5次施肥处理对苗高生长具有显著影响,36.3 g·m-2的施肥量对地径的生长具有明显的促进作用;36.3 g·m-2处理对苗高和地径的施肥效率显著低于13.7 g·m-2处理和...     

不同覆盖物对红松播种苗床土壤特性及育苗效果的影响

为了解不同覆盖物对红松播种苗床土壤日蒸发量、土壤表层温度和种子出苗率及幼苗生长的影响,开展了不同覆盖物红松播种试验.结果 表明:不同覆盖物下土壤日蒸发量由大到小依次为CK、河沙、草炭土、松针、锯末和豆秸;河沙覆盖的土壤表层温度最高,其次是松针覆盖,豆秸覆盖的最低,锯末和草炭土覆盖下的土壤温度两者相差不大;松针、草炭土、...     

沙漠地区飞播沙拐枣种子丸粒化研究

针对飞播种子丸粒化存在的不足,本文选择沙拐枣为研究对象,通过各种原料配比对崩解时间的影响,确定了种子丸粒化的配方。该配方使种子重量增加了4～6倍,不仅解决了种子随风漂移的问题,而且也解决了种子崩解、营养、供水的问题,从而提高了种子的发芽率和成活率。     

Effects of single-tree and group selection harvesting on the diversity and abundance of spring forest herbs in deciduous forests in southwestern Ontario

Selection harvesting, by mimicking natural disturbance regimes of eastern deciduous hardwood forests, has been applied as a sustainable management practice that combines wood production with biodiversity conservation. However, the effects of this technique on understory herbs are unclear, particularly for spring ephemerals which have been suggested as sensitive to disturbance. Here, we experimentally assess the immediate effects of single-tree and group selection harvesting on spring ephemeral richness, diversity and abundance in deciduous forests of southwestern Ontario, Canada. Spring herbs were quantified in 4 m² plots before and one growing season after harvesting and compared to similar uncut, reference stands. The percent of species lost was significantly higher in reference than harvested plots. Mean species richness significantly increased after harvesting, predominately due to an increase in spring–summer species. Increases in the diversity of early spring flowering species were significantly greater in the group selection plots than reference plots. At the community level, no species appeared to be vulnerable to harvesting, and ordination analysis indicated that post-harvest communities were primarily determined by pre-harvest community composition. Furthermore, no species declined in abundance in response to harvesting, and overall percent cover increased proportionately more in single-tree selection plots than in group selection or reference plots. While harvesting appears to have negligible effects on spring ephemerals immediately following harvest, we recommend additional studies over longer time frames to assess possible successional effects and to discriminate treatment induced changes from naturally high yearly variation in species composition.     

安宁市温泉旅游小镇生态环境指标评价

阐述了温泉旅游小镇基本概况和发展现状,依据可比性、可操作性、代表性等原则,设置了符合温泉镇实际情况的生态环境评价指标共10个,运用层次分析法建构温泉旅游小城镇的生态环境评价结构框架;构造了判断矩阵,同时针对温泉旅游小镇生态性建设现状进行了综合评价。评价结果表明,影响温泉旅游小镇生态环境评价的重要指标是:X1—城镇空气污染指数平均值(0.15405);X2—饮用水水源水质达标率(0.15405);X3—城镇区域环境噪声平均值(0.15405);X4—机动车尾气、烟尘控制达标率(0.15405);而指标X5—工业用水综合利用率(0.02491);X9—自然保护区覆盖率(0.017898)影响较小。     

旱地小麦黑膜全覆盖穴播栽培的效应与模式研究

本研究通过对黑膜、无色膜、垄作、平作、沟播等因素进行组合,探讨了旱地冬小麦地膜全覆盖穴播不同栽培模式的膜下茎和杂草发生规律、土壤温度和水分变化动态及增产增收效果。结果表明,小麦采用黑膜覆盖,自动出苗率比无色膜覆盖平均提高63.73%,膜下茎密度和鲜重分别降低74%以上和98%左右,杂草盛发期的密度和鲜重分别比无色膜覆盖降低62.03%和96.70%,比露地栽培降低70.00%和92.93%。黑膜覆盖小麦全生育期0~25 cm土壤积温比无色膜覆盖降低108.8℃,比露地降低62.9℃,但在播种至拔节阶段,比露地增加72.8℃,拔节至成熟比露地降低135.7℃。水分利用效率黑膜覆盖比无色膜覆盖提高4.48%,比露地提高45.75%。黑膜覆盖比无色膜增产3.05%,比露地增产47.81%。3种起垄方式中,垄作比平作小麦自动出苗率平均提高44.00%,沟播则降低23.80%;膜下茎密度垄作降低35.59%以上,沟播增加25.64%以上;膜下茎鲜重垄作降低30.62%以上,沟播增加12.09%以上。垄作提高土壤积温90.5℃,沟播降低23.5℃;垄作增产3.24%,沟播增产4.90%。以黑色全膜垄作穴播为最佳模式,较全膜覆土穴播自动出苗率平均提高146.93%,膜下茎密度降低98.74%以上,杂草鲜重降低99.90%以上,全生育期增加土壤积温52.0℃,水分利用效率提高10.75%,增产8.68%,节本4 020元·hm~(-2),增加纯收益5 422元·hm~(-2)。且膜面覆土量减少75%,易于清除残膜。其中通用垄沟半微垄模式具有宽窄行距的特点,较微垄模式增产3.89%,增收11.33%,并且适宜机械化作业。     

挪威云杉种源及家系种子播种品质的研究

通过对引进的芬兰挪威云杉5个种源和窄冠垂枝挪威云杉10个家系种子播种品质的方差分析和聚类分析研究表明,挪威云杉种源和窄冠垂枝挪威云杉家系种子净度达98％以上。种子的播种品质与地理分布和起源有关。由北向南种子的千粒重增加、发芽率提高、死亡率下降。另外,天然起源的种子播种品质低于种子园的种子。窄冠垂枝挪威云杉因天然分布区域极为狭窄、种群规模过小,导致由其它因素造成的未萌发百分率高。     

飞播造林苗木存活率影响因素分析

从气候、土壤、人畜活动、病虫害等方面综合分析了飞播造林存活率影响因素,并提出了相应对策。     

木荷播种育苗的关键技术

采用随机区组设计,对影响木荷播种苗产量和质量的4个主要因素--播种方法、施肥种类、覆土厚度和播种量进行了系统研究,观测了在4种技术条件下种子的发芽率、苗木的高、地径、主根长、侧根数、苗木总产量和合格苗产量,然后运用数理统计方法,从不同的角度分析了苗木质量和产量指标的变异情况.通过观测分析,总结出一套能保证木荷丰产优质的育苗技术.