Characterization of glyphosate-resistant goosegrass(Eleusine indica) populations in China

Goosegrass is a worst grass weed in orchards and turf.The increased use of glyphosate for goosegrass control has led to the occurrence of many resistant populations.Although glyphosate has been used to control weeds for the past 30 years in China,few reports are available on glyphosate-resistant(GR) googegrass.In this study,we determined the GR level of 14 goosegrass populations from Chengdu and Guangzhou,China.Glyphosate only controlled 3.1 and 25.0%of the populations SL5 and SL1,respectively,at the dose of 1 680 g acid equivalent(ae) ha~(-1) at 14 days after treatment(DAT).In contrast,the susceptible population(XD1) was completely(100%) controlled.The resistant index(Rl) of SL5 and SL1 were 5.1 and 4.5,and the Rl for SL2,SL3 and ZC1 were 4.2,3.2 and 2.6,respectively.The Rl for other populations was range from 1.8 to 2.5.Under the dose of glyphosate at 1 640 g ae ha~(-1) at 10 DAT,shikimate accumulation in susceptible population XD1 was 17.6 and 16.4 times higher than SL5 and SL1,respectively.And the chlorophyll content in the plant leaf of populations SL1,SL2 and SL5 were decreased slightly ranging from 22.6 to 28.0.These results confirmed that the SL1,SL2,SL3,ZC1 and SL5 populations had evolved moderate resistance to glyphosate.This is the first report for the GR goosegrass populations confirmed in Chengdu,China.     

坪床基质对兰引Ⅲ号结缕草根系生长及分布的影响

坪床结构对草坪草根系和草坪使用质量的影响很大。为探讨5种坪床基质对兰引Ⅲ号结缕草（Zoysia japonica ‘LanyinNo. III’）根系生长的影响,试验设计5种坪床基质：100% 纯砂（A）,砂：泥炭（85%：15%）（B）,砂：土（85%：15%）（C）,砂：土：泥炭（85%：7.5%：7.5%）（D）,100% 纯土（E）。结果表明：根长密度、根表面积密度随坪床深度的加深而减小,纯土坪床的上述根系指标显著小于砂基坪床;一级根在0～5 cm的根层中分布最多l而二级根在5～10 cm根层分布最多;3种砂质混合基质中,砂+泥炭混合基质好于砂+土和砂+土+泥炭2种混合基质。在土壤各层深度中,砂基坪床的根平均直径显著大于纯土坪床。纯砂坪床的地下生物量最大,而纯土坪床0～5 cm根层内根系生物量所占比例最大。综合分析认为,砂基坪床适合做运动场草坪,其中以砂与泥炭混合基质最好,纯土坪床则排水不良,不适宜做运动场草坪。     

北方常用草坪草的蒸散量差异及耗水性评价

对不同供水条件下,草地早熟禾、高羊茅、多年生黑麦草、野牛草、结缕草和狗牙根整个生长季的蒸散量差异进行研究.结果表明,草坪蒸散主要与草坪本身的生物学特性有关,同时与水分条件也密切相关.另外,根据测定结果估测了理论补水量,并通过计算坪草系数Kc,与北方常用作物的耗水量进行了比较.     

生态草坪与草坪生态工程--我国草坪持续发展的必由之路

就所历、所见、所闻,讨论了普及建植草坪15年来的成败和改进途径。探讨了生态草坪的定义和可能性,以及我国草坪生态工程应特别关注的7个题目。     

西藏林芝地区草坪建植实践

通过对西藏林芝地区草坪建植实践,表明该地区适合种植冷地型草坪草,而暖地型草坪草则不宜种植,同时林芝地区草坪建植实践,介绍当地草坪建植与管理技术。     

Evaluating the Benefits of Equine Massage Therapy: A Review of the Evidence and Current Practices

Following the lead of human athletic training, equine massage therapy is becoming a more common part of the management of equine athletes and pleasure horses alike. The basic science rationale for massage is supported by research indicating that massage may affect a number of physiologic systems as well as cellular and fascial components of the muscular system. Equine therapeutic massage, or sports massage, employs a number of techniques first developed in humans and has been reported to increase range of motion and stride length, reduce activity of nociceptive pain receptors, and reduce physiologic stress responses. Additional preliminary research indicates that massage therapy also may improve some aspects of exercise recovery. Although important evidence has begun to document the potential benefits of massage therapy for equine athletes, the current review may say less about the true clinical effects of massage therapy than it does about the current state of research in this field. Additional prospective study of massage therapy using sufficient scientific rigor will be necessary to provide veterinarians, trainers, and owners with definitive data and scientifically based confidence in the use of equine massage. In the meantime, the preliminary research, anecdotal positive effects, and case studies indicating potential benefit are not to be ignored; equine massage therapy already plays a valuable practical role in the care and training of many equine athletes.     

天津地区草坪草褐斑病菌生物学特性及生物防治

以纯化的草坪褐斑病病原RH2 Rhizoctonia solani为试验菌株,对其生长的温度、pH值、碳源等生物学特性进行研究,并针对目前化学药剂频繁使用的现状,对生产上经常使用的生防药剂进行室内筛选。生物学特性研究表明：褐斑病菌生长适宜温度约30 ℃,适宜pH值6.5～7.5,适宜碳源为蔗糖、可溶性淀粉或乳糖。室内7种生防药剂筛选表明：尼索和特立克的抑菌效果最好,盆栽防治试验结果表明,尼索1 500倍处理防效为72.51％,特立克600倍防效为76.94％。     

草坪杂草入侵及其竞争效应

以华中农业大学校园的建植草坪为研究对象,以机械布点方式进行样地布设。在所设置的85块样地中进行物种名录调查与统计,并对其中不同光照条件、建植年限及人工管理水平等17块典型样地进行物种特征值调查与计算,以物种重要值来反映该物种在群落中的地位与优势程度。结果表明,在所建植的草坪内入侵植物达141种,隶属39科,其中菊科、蝶形花科、伞形科、石竹科等杂草通过入侵、定居、生长和繁殖,成为优势物种。入侵物种的分布及其竞争能力受光照条件、土壤质地、建植草坪草物种特性及人工管理的影响。管理技术措施,如遮荫、松土、施肥、灌溉及去除杂草是影响其竞争能力的最直接因素。     

匍匐翦股颖果岭草坪草的坪用性状及关联度分析

采用灰色系统关联度分析法,综合评价了匍匐翦股颖品种Penncross、粤选1号匍匐翦股颖和匍匐翦股颖新品系粤选2号、粤选3号、35号、38号6个品种(系)在广州地区夏季的草坪质量,分析了6个草坪质量评价指标之间的关联度大小。结果表明:草坪质量评价指标间的关联度大小顺序是抗热性>质地>密度>绿期>颜色>均一性,草坪草品种(系)间的关联度大小依次为粤选3号>38号>粤选1号>35号>粤选2号>Penncross。这表明,在广州地区选择匍匐翦股颖作为果岭草坪草考虑的首要因素是抗热性,其次是质地和密度。供试的6个匍匐翦股颖品种(系)的草坪综合质量以新品系粤选3号最优,适宜该地区建植高质量的常绿果岭草坪。     

山东烟台高尔夫球场草坪养护情况调研报告

草坪是高尔夫球场的主要组成部分,它既是俱乐部正常运营的基础,也是竞技运动的规范标准。对此,在2008年7月对山东烟台高尔夫球场各区域的草坪分为果岭、发球台和球道3个部分来调查。结果表明营业中的高尔夫球场草地养护是决定球场质量的重要途径,草地养护中修剪、施肥、灌溉要严格把关。草坪养护中草种根据不同的水热条件来选择不同的草种及处理方法;高尔夫球场草坪因环境、气候、建筑、园林、给排水等环境因素都会影响到草坪草能否合理生长。