桃枝条梢端生长及其与温度,叶水势和比叶重关系的研究

以金冠、汉瑞、红港、卡尔红为试材，探讨了桃枝条梢端生长与环境温度、叶水势和比叶重之间的关系及其昼夜变化规律。表明：在试验条件下枝条梢端生长速率与环境温度呈显著正相关，与一天中早、晚碳水化合物积累也呈显著相关，而与叶片水势变化无关。梢端生长速率昼夜总的变化趋势与气温变化相吻合，最大值出现在平均气温最高的傍晚（１６：００～２０：００），最小值出现在平均温度最低的凌晨（０：００～８：００）。在２５±０．５℃恒温条件下，梢端生长速率最大值出现后，并不随即下降，而是保持这个生长速率直至午夜，尔后逐渐降至最低值。太阳升起后，生长速率又逐渐回升。     

黑龙江省中国林蛙(Rana chensinensis)群体遗传多样性及区域分化的初步研究(英文)

本文运用随机扩增多态DNA (RAPD)技术对黑龙江省8个地区野外采集的中国林蛙(Rana c hensinensis)个体进行群体遗传多样性及区域分化的初步研究。实验筛选出的10个RAPD引物 共扩增出78条DNA多态片段。用NJ（Neighbor-Joining）方法分析遗传距离并构建系统树。 结果表明，中国林蛙(R. chensinensis)在8个不同采样地区已经出现明显的区域分化，且不 同地区的中国林蛙之间存在地理距离和遗传距离不相吻合。根据地理、地质学资料初步推论 ，黑龙江省中国林蛙(R. chensinensis)的中心发源区很可能位于松花江和黑龙江两江下游 的丘陵地区。并主要依靠松花江水系从三江平原进入松嫩平原，在方正地区形成向西扩散过 程中的次中心发源区。     

Y两优1号在浦城种植表现及高产栽培技术

两系杂交稻Y两优1号是湖南杂交水稻研究中心育成的水稻新品种,于2008年通过国家品种审定。在浦城山区作中稻种植,表现丰产性好、米质优、熟期转色好、适应性广。阐述了Y两优1号在浦城山区示范种植表现及高产栽培技术。     

福建菱属一新种

本种外貌和乌菱Trapa bicornis osbeck 相似。不同点在于:沉水叶为菱形有齿的叶片和肉质棒状的长叶柄组成,叶片常先腐落,而叶柄迟落;部分果实无角。而乌菱的沉水叶为扁薄的条形或楔形,无叶片和叶柄之分;果全具2角。定名为二型菱Trapa dimorphocrarpa Diao,sp.nov.     

Effect of alkaline treatment (‘akanwu’) and supplementary value of corn or crayfish on the protein quality of breadfruit (Treculia Africana)

The effect of treatment and supplementary value of corn (C) or crayfish (CR) on the protein quality of breadfruit (Treculia Africana) flours were studied in eighteen young rats. The 7030 or 701515 (Protein basis) combinations of breadfruit flours and corn or crayfish or both provided 1.6g N/100 g diet for the 35 day study. The addition of akanwu to the cooking water reduced cooking time and crude protein and saved fuel. The addition of akanwu and replacement of CR with C was not beneficial as judged by the parameters tested except for the wt. gain and PER. On the other hand, when crayfish was the only source of supplementary protein (30%) to breadfruit cooked without akanwu there were increases in all parameters tested over those with added akanwu except for the N intake, wt. gain, and PER.These results appear to suggest that addition of akanwu to TA was detrimental to its protein utilization and that TA appears to be an economic source of N in areas where it is a staple. Based on the results of this study, one would suggest that the use of akanwu as a tenderizer should be seriously looked into before further use.     

Effects of Potassium Application on Flavor Compounds of Cherry Tomato Fruits

ABSTRACT

A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of potassium (K) application on volatile compounds, taste compounds, and firmness of fresh tomato fruits. Each pot was filled with 8 kg of clean sand. The experiment consisted of six K application rates with 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 mmol K L^?1 in the nutrient solution. Volatile compounds, soluble sugars, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and firmness of fresh tomato fruits were measured. The results show that the concentrations of 3-methylbutanal, 1-penten-3-one, hexanal, cis-3-hexenal, 2-methyl-4-pentenal, trans-2-hexenal, 2E-4E-hexadienal, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, phenylacetaldehyde, phenylethanol, soluble sugars, and soluble solids tended to increase at first and then decrease between 0 to 10.0 mmol K L^?1. K application rate obtaining the highest values of the concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 3.0 mmol K L^?1, with the exception of cis-3-hexenal (1.1 mmol K L^?1), phenylacetaldehyde (4.5 mmol K L^?1), and phenylethanol (4.8 mmol K L^?1). By contrast, increasing K supply increased the concentration of titratable acidity, decreased the ratios of soluble sugars to titratable acidity and soluble solids to titratable acidity. Close correlations were observed between the concentrations of various volatile compounds, soluble sugars, and soluble solids. Based on contributions of these compounds to tomato flavor, we assume that moderate K supply (1.4–3.0 mmol K L^?1) improves tomato flavor, whereas tomato fruits with either no K or high K fertilization have poor flavor due to having undesirable levels of flavor compounds.     

Depressed gross mineralization and immobilization of nitrogen and changes in microbial population in soil after heat treatment

Partial sterilization causes a change in N mineralization in soil. An increase in the net rate of N mineralization was reported in soil with chloropicrin applied to it (Rovira 1976), and has been well known in soil fumigated with chloroform to measure the microbial biomass N (Jenkinson and Ladd 1981). The gross rate of N mineralization increased in soil inoculated with fresh soil following fumigation with chloroform (Shen et al. 1984). The increased rate of N mineralization has been attributed to the rapid decomposition of organisms killed by partial sterilization (Jenkinson 1966). On the other hand, Nira et al. (1996) reported that the application of a fumigant in a field depressed the gross rates of N mineralization and immobilization in spite of the increase in the net rate of N mineralization. These results suggested that the increase in the net rate of N mineralization by partial sterilization is presumably due to the change in the ratio of N mineralization to immobilization. However, the residues of a fumigant may depress gross N transformation in the field, because the residues may continue to influence microbial activity long after the original treatment (Jenkinson 1966). Some effects of partial sterilization without residues on gross N mineralization remain to be determined.     

CANOLA OIL PRODUCTION AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE AS AFFECTED BY PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING AND SULFUR OXIDIZING BACTERIA

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is a very important agricultural and industrial crop. Hence, the effects of chemical and biological treatments on canola oil production and nutrient uptake, under calcareous conditions, were evaluated in a field experiment. Phosphorus (P) fertilizer and sulfur (S)-oxidizing bacteria (Thiobacillus sp.) increased canola oil production by a maximum of 548 and 335 kg ha^?1, respectively. P-solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus sp.) and Thiobacillus sp. enhanced the uptake of different nutrients including nitrogen (N), P, potassium (K), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn). Monthly measurements of soil P indicated that soil P fluctuations can be managed using the applied treatments for proper P fertilization in canola production. The results indicated the important role of chemical and biological (Bacillus sp.) P sources and S-oxidizing bacteria for canola growth and oil production as they resulted in significant increase in canola oil production and nutrient uptake. This can be very beneficial for the farmers and industry.     

Role of miRNA-24 in regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and vascular endothelial cell proliferation

AIM：To investigate whether miRNA-24 is involved in the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and vascular endothelial cell proliferation. METHODS：A plasmid that highly expressed miRNA-24 was constructed, and was transfected into the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by liposome. The cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. The expression of eNOS and Sp1 at mRNA and protein levels was exa-mined by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.RESULTS：Compared with control group, the proliferation of endothelial cells in miRNA-24 group was significantly decreased by 41.97 % (0.47±0.04 vs 0.81±0.03, P<0.01), and the expression of eNOS at mRNA and protein levels was decreased by 44.8% (0.48±0.01 vs 0.87±0.03, P<0.05) and 71.92% (0.16±0.06 vs 0.57±0.08, P<0.05), respectively. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein levels of Sp1 were significantly decreased by 53.00% (0.45±0.02 vs 0.93±0.01, P<0.05) and by 62.31% (0.13±0.07 vs 0.31±0.09, P<0.05), respectively. In miRNA-24 inhibitor group, the above indexes were decreased compared with control group, but significantly increased compared with miRNA-24 group. CONCLUSION：miRNA-24 significantly inhibits the proliferation of HUVECs and the eNOS expression. Sp1 possibly acts as one of the important factors in the regulation of eNOS expression by miRNA-24.     

（m，l）秩幂等矩阵和（m，l）幂等矩阵的特性研究

如果存在自然数m,l（m〉l）使r（A^m）=r（A^l）,称A为（m,l）秩幂等矩阵;当A^m=A^l时,称A为（m,l）幂等矩阵依据矩阵的幂等性与秩幂等性不随数域的改变而改变这一基本事实,应用Jordan标准形的性质,得到了这两类既有区别又有密切联系的矩阵类的特性刻画．