Researches and Application of Fuelbreaks in China

The fuelbreaks were established in south China from 1950s. With the active work of local communities and state government, the fuelbreaks have been built for 398,000 kilometers. In some areas, fuelbreaks and firebreaks have constructed a network primarily, such as in the provinces of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi. The fuelbreaks can prevent forest fire effectively. That has been approved by actual examples and burning tests. The fuelbreaks also benefit the forest ecosystem and environment. This paper makes a review on fuelbreaks research and application in China, discussed present research achievements about fuelbreaks mechanism and its development. In the future, the Chinese government and local communities will increase investment in the construction of firebreaks network with fuelbreaks as focal points.     

Forest patches in Imperata grassland and prospects for their preservation under agricultural intensification in Northeast Luzon, The Philippines

Frequent burning and grazing and cultivation of cash crops increasingly threaten forest patches in hilly grassland in Northeast Luzon, yet their importance as a resource with multiple environmental functions and forest products persists. The aim of this study is to identify different types of forest patches, and their condition under present land-use intensification, and discuss prospects for their integration into sustainable local farming systems. Five types of forest patches are distinguished, both natural and planted ones, including rows of trees, woody patches, gallery forests, hill-slope forests and homegarden conglomerations. Natural woody patches and gallery forests in Imperata grassland are subject to degradation and land-use conversion under conditions of agricultural intensification. Woody patches in grassland affected by frequent burning and grazing cover small areas (66% below 50 m² as opposed to 28% in protected grassland) and contain relatively few woody plant species (25 woody species in total as opposed to 82 where protected). Yet where well managed, they may provide a variety of products for sale and subsistence, covering emergency needs and giving off-season cash income to rural communities. Moreover they serve like the gallery forest various ecological functions, carrying valuable indigenous tree species, retaining soil base nutrients, providing a continuous supply of organic matter and intercepting fine earth soil particles removed from bare surfaces. It is suggested that forest-patch management systems may be developed, taking into account both patch diversity and the diverse needs of rural communities, and to strengthen existing and undervalued functions of forest patches as permanent elements in an agricultural landscape.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

滇南雨林山区林业持续发展问题探索

从滇南雨林山区的自然与社会经济特点出发，确认林业在区域经济发展中占重要地位，进而对林业持续发展中的自然生态系统脆弱、农林争地、人工林土壤退化、生物物种减少、林业经济效益低等问题进行了分析，提出发展高效林业，建设珍贵用材林、特产经济林、雨林特产品、热带水果生产基地，以及大力营建混交林、农用林业的对策与措施。建议立即开展生物资源本底调查，珍稀濒危生物物种保护，乡土树种栽培驯化、雨林特产品研究等工作。     

Detection of Novel Reassortant Influenza A (H3N2) and H1N1 2009 Pandemic Viruses in Swine in Hanoi,Vietnam

From May to September 2013, monthly samples were collected from swine in a Vietnamese slaughterhouse for influenza virus isolation and serological testing. A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses and a novel H3N2 originating from reassortment between A(H1N1)pdm09 and novel viruses of the North American triple reassortant lineage were isolated. Serological results showed low seroprevalence for the novel H3N2 virus and higher seroprevalence for A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. In addition, serology suggested that other swine influenza viruses are also circulating in Vietnamese swine.     

华南蕨类植物区系新资料

报道了产自赣州市的2种江西省新记录蕨类植物:西南凤尾蕨(Pteris wallichiana J.Agardh)、岭南凤尾蕨(Pteris maclurioides Ching);广东省首次详实记录的蕨类植物:台湾毛蕨(Cyclosorus taiwanensis(C.Christensen)H.It)。标本存放于韩山师范学院生物系植物标本室(CZH)。     

基于研学视角的广州钱岗古道保护与发展策略研究

在粤港澳人文湾区建设背景下,南粤古驿道与文化旅游已成为发展重点和热点,文化遗产与旅游的融合发展研究对推动古驿道的活化利用具有重要意义。在剖析古驿道与研学旅游相关研究及融合发展交互关系的基础上,选取广州钱岗古道为研究对象,针对古道沿线资源和保护发展困境,以研学旅游为切入点,提出拓展多元需求的研学群体、打造空间复合的研学旅游基地、完善功能齐全的配套服务设施、发展古驿道“文化+旅游”产业链、复原和整合历史文化资源、营造类型多样的主题活动游线 6 个方面的古驿道保护与发展策略。     

利用触发相机在中国湖南省壶瓶山国家级自然保护区追踪华南虎

2001—2003年的20个月里,我们在中国湖南省壶瓶山国家级自然保护区内设置了一些触发相机,以确定该地区是否存在华南虎（Pantheratigrisamoyensis）。共设置r3种触发相机,包括TrailMaster（美国）的主动式和被动式相机以及WildlifeTwo（中国深圳）的被动式相机。首先在保护区西部沿着小路和动物足迹放置了一些相机。之后又从2002年开始在保护区东部追加放置了一些相机,这是因为有村民报告在这一区域发生了家畜丢失,发现猫科动物足迹以及听到吼叫声。在2002年5月到2003年12月的20个月期间,共8307个拍摄日,获得6180张照片,其中有1437张包括野生动物（平均每100个拍摄日17张野生动物照片）。合计拍摄到33种野生动物。,野猪（Susscrofa）、红腹锦鸡（Chrysolophuspictu．s）和毛冠鹿（Elaphoduscephalophus）是被拍摄最频繁的物种。既没有拍到虎和其他大型猫科动物,也没有拍到水鹿（Cervusunicolor）这种虎重要的猎物。最频繁被拍摄到的猫科动物是豹猫（Prionailurusbengalensis）。村民偶尔报告的掠走山羊的事件可能是豹（Pantherapardta）造成的,但是不能确定。利用触发相机调查超过1000d没有拍摄到虎,这一充分的证据足以支持该调查区没有虎的结论（d=0．05）。20个月超过8300个拍摄日没有在壶瓶山拍摄到虎,显示该地区没有虎。值得注意的结果是拍到红腹锦鸡、黄喉貂（Martesflavigula）、毛冠鹿和黑熊（Ursusthibetanus）的频率很高。这些物种是中国或国际受保护物种,包括被列为国内受保护物种,或同时列为国际受保护物种,又或者像毛冠鹿这种几乎是未知的物种。壶瓶山国家级自然保护区附近有3个保护区。我们讨论建议将这4个保护区合并为一个更大的保护地域来保护虎及其猎物。并且在此简要地评论了我们使用的3种触发相机的性能。     

不同保存温度对华南虎粪样生殖激素检测结果的影响

为了解保存温度对野生动物粪样生殖激素检测结果的影响,采集21份雌性成年华南虎的新鲜粪样为试验对象,用Cat ELISA Kit测定在不同温度环境保存的粪样中雌二醇（E）、孕酮（P）、黄体生成素（LH）和卵泡刺激素（FSH）的浓度。结果：7份新鲜粪样,每份分成2份,分别直接冷冻干燥和-20℃保存后冷冻干燥,粪样中雌二醇、孕酮、卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素含量在两者间差异均不显著（P〉0.05）;4份新鲜粪样,每份分成4份,分别置于25℃,4℃,-20℃和-70℃条件下保存24 h,粪样中雌二醇、孕酮、卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素含量在各处理间差异均不显著（P〉0.05）;5份新鲜粪样,每份分成5份,-20℃保存9 d,粪样中雌二醇、孕酮、卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素含量始终均无显著差异（P〉0.05）;5份新鲜粪样,每份分成5份,4℃保存9 d,粪样中雌二醇、孕酮、卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素含量始终均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结果表明,应用Cat ELISA Kit检测华南虎粪样雌二醇、孕酮、卵泡刺激素和黄体生成素具有很好的稳定性,粪样在常温条件下短时间（9 d）保存不影响检测结果。