华南兴国县影响土壤侵蚀时空动力学的环境因素

By using soil erosion maps of four different time periods and a digital elevation model (DEM), in combination with the remote sensing and GIS technologies, soil erosion dynamics in Xingguo County of Jiangxi Province in South China were analyzed on both temporal and spatial scales in soils of different parent materials, altitudes and slopes. The results showed that from 1958 to 2000 severe soil erosion was coming under control with a decreasing percentage of the land under severe erosion. It was also found that the soils developed from Quaternary red clay, granite and purple shale were more susceptible to soil erosion and that areas sitting between 200 to 500 m in altitude with a slope less than 3° or between 7° to 20° where human activities were frequent remained to be zones where soil erosion was most likely to occur. These areas deserve special attention in monitoring and controlling.     

Soil management for Alfisols in the semiarid tropics: erosion, enrichment ratios and runoff

Abstract. Continuous cultivation of soils of the semiarid tropics has led to significant land degradation. Soil erosion and nutrient loss caused by high runoff volumes have reduced crop yields and contributed to offsite damage. We compared a number of soil management practices (tillage, mulch and perennial/annual rotational based systems) for their potential to improve crop production and land resource protection in an Alfisol of the semiarid tropics of India. Runoff and soil erosion were monitored and surface soil and sediment were analysed for nitrogen and carbon to determine enrichment ratios. Amelioration of soils with organic additions (farmyard manure, rice straw) or rotating perennial pasture with annual crops increased soil carbon and nitrogen contents and reduced runoff, soil erosion and nutrient loss. Soil erosion totalled less than 7 t ha^–1, but enrichment ratios were often greater than 2 resulting in up to 27 kg N ha^–1 and 178 kg C ha^–1 being lost in sediment. Up to an extra 250 mm of water per year infiltrated the soil with organic additions and was available for crop water use or percolation to groundwater. The results show that there are good opportunities for reducing degradation and increasing productivity on farms.     

南水北调东线工程泵站技术管理模式研究

以南水北调东线工程准市场化运作为背景 ,以合理性、经济性和可靠性为目标 ,以江苏省江水北调工程泵站技术管理为基础 ,从管理体制、运行管理、日常管理、维护检修等方面研究南水北调东线工程大型梯级泵站的技术管理模式与方法。研究结果对提高工程调水可靠性、经济性和工程的可持续发展有一定意义。     

岳阳南湖水环境现状评价及对策

为促进岳阳市南湖的开发建设与水环境保护协调发展，以南湖水环境监测资料为依据，利用有关数学模式南湖污染源与水质进行了评价，结果表明，影响南湖水质的主要污染源为城市生活污水，主要污染物分别为总磷，总氮，CODcr,BOD5，湖南水质呈现富营养化与有机物污染，处于重度污染水平，已达不到特殊保护水域功能要求，据此提出南湖水环境保护对策建议。     

中南地区节水农业建设的战略思考

本文在阐述了中南地区发展节水农业的战略地位和重要性的基础上，分析了中南地区的自然和社会经济条件、农业用水的供需矛盾和节水潜力．以及节水农业建设存在的问题，从思想认识，规划协调、投入，技术研究、种植结构调整、农产品质量诸方面．提出发展节水农业是中南地区农业可持续发展的战略举措。     

海南热带粘菌资源（Ⅰ）

报道采自海南五指山、尖峰岭等热带林区粘菌28种，隶属于6目7科12属。其中，有7个中国新记录种和变种（^**表示），有8个种和变种是首次在海南采集到的（^*表示）。     

新型秸秆微贮饲料饲喂肉猪的生长动态研究

在饲料资源十分缺乏的宁南山区,将当地玉米秸秆微贮后喂猪,并对其生长动态进行分析研究,结果表明,试验组猪的快速生长阶段比对照组增长22．3d,且该阶段的平均日增重和最大日增重分别比对照组高37．98g和43．31g;在整个育肥期,试验组猪平均日增生463．89g,比对照组的366．67g增加97．22g,提高26．51％,差异显著（P＜0．05）,利用秸秆微贮饲料不但提高了养猪业的经济效益,而且为当地养猪业的大力发展开辟了新的饲料资源途径。     

主要热带相思在华南地区的生长及适应性探讨

热带相思为多用途树种，多数种类在华南热带、南亚热带地区的不同类型土壤上表现出较强的适应性，马占相思、厚荚相思等3－4年生幼林年平均生长量高2－4m，胸径3－4cm。但热带相思的发展，往往受到低温的制约，其栽培北界一般可到20℃等温线，局部地区可至18℃而以年积温＞7000℃，极端最低平均温5℃以上为其适生范围。栽培热带相思易达到较高社会效益和经济效益。在农用林业、改良土壤、固氮等方面都能起到良好的作用，不少树种其木材可用作建筑、家具、单板等，木材基本密度460－620kg/m^3，如作为造纸原料，具有广阔的前景。     

杜鹃花在华南植物园引种栽培的初步研究

以中科院华南植物园引种的12种杜鹃花属(Rhododendron)植物为研究对象,初步探讨了杜鹃花在华南的引种栽培的技术与理论。在广州地区的气候条件下,引种杜鹃花要解决引种植物的耐热、耐光照的问题,并配套以适当栽培和管理措施。在介绍杜鹃花及其园林绿化功能的基础上,对华南植物园杜鹃花的引种栽培提出了构想,以期为指导广州地区利用杜鹃花资源有所帮助。     

南洞庭湖湿地生态系统结构、功能与可持续研究

洞庭湖是我国著名的淡水湖泊湿地，也是世界上唯一的由3个国际重要湿地组成的湖泊。文章分析了南洞庭湖湿地的形成原因及演替规律，研究了其生态系统结构特征，评价了动物栖息地、植物基因库、生态改善、湿地生产、科教基地、旅游度假等湿地功能，指出其面临的主要问题是湖泊面积缩小、湿地功能衰退、动物种群衰减、资源利用率低、环境污染加剧，提出扩大湖泊面积、重视湿地资源保护、加强自然保护区建设、发展湿地生态农业、加快湿地污染治理的南洞庭湖湿地生态系统可持续发展途径。