华南型黄瓜新品种9801的选育

98 0 1是利用唐山市华南型黄瓜地方品种 ,采用系统选择 -混合采种的方法选育而成的华南型黄瓜新品种 ;该品种主侧蔓均可结瓜 ,瓜短棒形 ,纵径 12～ 14cm ,横径 3.5～ 4 .0cm ,单瓜质量 10 0g左右 ,每 6 6 7m2 产量380 0kg ,较抗霜霉病 ,适于河北、东北等地露地栽培     

南帕斯凝析油卸船的安全措施

针对南帕斯凝析油接卸作业过程中易产生较高含量有毒气体的问题,分析了凝析油的基本性质和硫化物分布情况,以识别其有毒气体成分.描述了接卸作业前和码头接卸作业两个阶段的注意事项:接卸作业前应对各个作业环节进行风险识别,制定应急方案,并确保设备完整;码头接卸作业前先进行作业准备,划定作业警戒区且保证消防通道畅通,接卸作业时,持续进行硫化氢检测,接卸作业后,及时对管道进行置换.最后,指出检尺口和卸船舱口为主要泄漏风险部位,提出了解决措施.     

黄淮南片冬小麦产量及其构成因素的相关分析

[目的]研究黄淮南片冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)产量的影响因素,探讨小麦产量及其构成因素之间的相互关系。[方法]根据2009～2010年度我国黄淮南片小麦冬水组预备试验的数据资料,对产量及产量构成因素进行相关分析和通径分析。[结果]构成产量的三因素随产量的提高都增大,但在不同产量水平下对产量作用的效应不同。在一定的产量水平下,产量构成因素与产量相关程度为:千粒重(0.309 68)穗粒数(0.219 75)有效穗数(0.054 58);对产量的直接影响为:千粒重(0.703 05)有效穗数(0.613 19)穗粒数(0.469 10)。[结论]结合黄淮南片地区小麦生态条件的特点,黄淮南片冬小麦高产育种策略应增加千粒重,稳定有效穗数,挖掘穗粒数的潜力。     

A short note on the horizontal and vertical movements of a whale shark, Rhincodon typus, tracked by satellite telemetry in the South China Sea

Whale sharks, a global migratory species, are often reported entangled in fishing nets in coastal areas of China. The effectiveness of conservation measures has been constrained by very limited knowledge on their movements and preferred habitats in the coastal areas of China. For the first time, we tracked the movements of 2 whale sharks by satellite telemetry in Mainland China. The tracking results of 1 whale shark revealed that it travelled in the South China Sea in a south-eastern direction, parallel to the eastern coast of Vietnam. Total distance travelled was 1018 km, in approximately 74 days, with a mean speed of 14 km per day. It appeared to head towards the cool upwelling zones in southern Vietnam at the time of the tag's detachment. In our study, it was observed that this whale shark was a surface dweller and spent approximately 45% of its time above 10 m water depth and 90% of its time above 50 m depth. It also tended to stay in water temperatures between 27 and 30 °C, and was rarely recorded in water below 20 °C. This preliminary study indicates the importance of shallow waters as the foraging habitat for whale sharks, and has implications for their management and conservation.     

The good shepherd: remedying the fencing syndrome

In this paper the use of fenced grazing camps to manage the rangeland commons is challenged. A historical perspective is presented on fencing and rotational grazing in South Africa. Two case studies in KwaZulu-Natal and the Northern Cape illustrate the factors that influence the management of rangelands under communal land tenure without the use of fences. It is argued that herding is preferred over fencing. The reintroduction of herding could reap multiple benefits such as improving rural livelihoods, reviving customary practice, reducing stock theft, reducing predation and improving biodiversity management. The paper concludes with some issues for consideration when implementing herding as a multipurpose strategy for improved rural livelihoods and sustainable management of natural resources.     

The Relationships of the Avifauna of the South West Arid Area of Africa

Many white-faced whistling ducks (Dendrocygna viduata) have responded to European colonization by overwintering on irrigation and stock-watering ponds in the semi-arid interior of South Africa. I studied the body condition, diet, behaviour and moult intensity of whitefaced whistling ducks prior to departure for breeding areas during spring 1995. Other than higher protein levels in immature males than immature females, there were no sexual differences in body mass or levels of lipid, protein, or ash in adults or immatures. Adults were heavier than immatures and had higher levels of ash. There were no sex- or age-related differences in the proportion of individual food items consumed, 96.6% of which was maize. By foraging on neighbouring agricultural fields, birds were able to spend large portions (80%) of the day/night in comfort-related activities (preen, loaf, sleep) and little time foraging (8.8%) while on ponds. There were no sex- or age-related differences in overall moult intensity score or intensity of moult in 20 feather areas. With exception of primaries and secondaries, birds were moulting moderately to heavily in all feather regions. Agricultural ponds permit whitefaced whistling ducks to overwinter close to breeding areas, while the high availability and energy content of maize enables them to attain higher spring fat levels than birds that overwinter on traditional sites closer to the coast. Intensive agriculture has probably contributed to the population increase and range expansion of white-faced whistling ducks in South Africa.     

The first record of the genus Haplohexapodibius Pilato & Beasley, 1987 in Africa,with notes on synonymy of Hexapodibius beasleyi Maucci, 1988, with Haplohexapodibius seductor Pilato & Beasley, 1987

Notes on the synonymy of Hexapodibius beasleyi Maucci, 1988, with Haplohexapodibius seductor Pilato & Beasley 1987, are given. Ha. seductor Pilato & Beasley, 1987, is a new record for the African tardigrade fauna.     

Faecal analysis suggests generalist diets in three species of Western Cape cordylids

Climate has been proposed as an explanation for the present-day distribution of closely-related melanistic and non-melanistic cordylid species in the southwestern Cape of South Africa. However, diet may also contribute towards shaping geographic distributions. We present preliminary data on diet composition based on analyses of faecal pellets of Cordylus cordylus (non-melanistic), C. niger (melanistic) and C. oelofseni (melanistic). Coleoptera were the most common prey ingested both in summer and early spring for all species, followed by Hymenoptera for all species in summer. The overlap in other arthropod taxa ingested was low across species and seasons, suggesting an opportunistic component to their foraging behaviour.We distinguished plant matter in faecal samples of all species in all seasons, reflecting either voluntary or accidental ingestion. The results of this study suggest that the generalist diets of these cordylid species should not constrain their distributions despite the common preference for coleopterans.     

Wintertime Patterns of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Red Spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) Foliage

SUMMARY

For twenty years, Lesotho and South Africa have engaged in a co-operative program for the conservation and development of the shared Maloti-Drakensberg Mountains, also known as Ukhahlamba or “barrier of spears.” A history of conflict has left its mark on the landscape and the communities which live there. The area has been marginalized by inappropriate land settlement and agricultural practices and there has been ongoing illegal traffic in cattle and drugs. Impacts include the degradation of biodiversity, unsustainable land use practices and, most importantly, a lack of development and economic alternatives.

The area is internationally significant not only because of its unique biodiversity and cultural resources but also as the primary source of water for the southern African sub-region. A process of transboundary engagement between the two countries has intervened in the cycle of degradation, and seeks to build a vibrant transfrontier economy, which overcomes barriers and engenders cooperation and development. The future agenda encompasses key actions relating to biodiversity, community and economics, including institutional development, capacity-building processes and the legal means for creating and sustaining transboundary cooperation. This transboundary regional landscape strategy both informs and is informed by global best practice.     

Shifts in Cropping System and Its Effect on Human Nutrition: Case Study from India

SUMMARY

More than twenty cropping systems are practiced in India. Rice-wheat and rice-rice are the major cropping systems practiced in an estimated 120 districts and 50 districts of the country, respectively. The rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) region of South Asia (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan) is the creation of the agricultural green revolution. Higher production of rice and wheat was necessary to meet the calorie needs of an increasing population in this region; as a result, the percent of malnutrition amongst children and adults decreased during the green revolution era. However, in recent years, there has been a reduction in both the rate of malnutrition decline and of the partial and total factor productivity of the RWCS in India. One of the many reasons for the decreased rate of malnutrition decline is micronutrient deficiency. Malnutrition amongst children and adults is a silent emergency in South Asia, including India. This review compares the food consumption habits, nutritional status, and cropping system practiced for different states of India to provide reasons for shifting the rice-wheat cropping system through crop diversification. Diversification of the RWCS will increase the supply of legumes and vegetables, help to diversify the diets consumed, and increase micronutrient intake. This approach is important for a largely vegetarian population of India, and is therefore, considered to be one of several important Food Systems strategy to address the silent emergency of malnutrition in the region.