长期施肥对半干旱农田土壤氨基酸的影响

 采集于肥料长期田间定位试验土样的测定结果表明,施肥对土壤酸解性氨基酸和游离氨基酸含量有极显著影响:施用化肥,特别是在配施秸秆和厩肥后,酸解性氨基酸氮含量大幅度增加,以施高量秸秆和厩肥最为突出。从中性氨基酸（平均216.7μgN/g）,碱性氨基酸（106.9μgN/g）,酸性氨基酸（79.0μgN/g）到含硫氨基酸（1.9μgN/g）,含量依次下降。施肥影响最显著的是中性氨基酸（施肥平均增加82.6μgN/g）,其次为碱性氨基酸（48.2μgN/g）,最后是酸性氨基酸（16.4μgN/g）,对含硫氨基酸影响不大,施肥仅平均增加1.6μgN/g。游离氨基酸不仅在数量上低,而且在种类上也比酸解性氨基酸少。总体上看,施肥也会增加游离氨基酸的含量,并随秸秆用量增加呈增加趋势。     

土壤标本及整段标本采集制作方法分析

在南京土壤研究所土壤标本制作方法的基础上,综述了土壤标本采集制作方法,提出了土壤标本室的建设原则。     

氮离子注入对番茄种子损伤研究初报

离子注入和伴随离子注入的其他物理效应都能影响番茄种子的电导率和发芽率.电导率和发芽率之间有一定相关性,两者都能反映种子的损伤.     

水稻土的研究——Ⅻ.锌用量对稻麦生长及其在土壤植株中积累的影响

以两种性质不同的水稻土为材料,研究水稻和小麦在不同锌用量环境中的生长情况,以及锌在土壤、植株中积累的状况。结果如下:(1)土壤有效锌随施锌量的增加而增加,增加的幅度因土壤类型而异,黑粘土有效锌积累率为35.4％,是黄砂土的4倍。(2)水稻能在所设计的锌用量范围内正常生长。小麦耐锌能力因土壤类型而有很大差异,_黄砂土上的小麦表现出较强的耐锌能力,黑粘土施锌量在20mg/kg土时,小麦出现受害现象。(3)糙米含锌量为17.8～33.15ppm,麦粒含锌量17.02～66.72ppm,黑粘土Zn_(20)和Zn_(40)处理的麦粒中锌已超过自然含量范围。     

多菌灵在土壤中的吸附与移动性

采用模拟试验的方法，研究了多菌灵在不同土壤中的吸附和移动。结果表明：多菌灵在砂壤土、粘壤土中的吸附符合Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ等温方程，分别为３．１８６４Ｃ１．６１１９和９．０９４９１．４１７９，多菌灵在不同土壤中的淋溶移动速度是砂壤土＞粘壤土＞壤粘土。     

沟谷地玉米垄作覆膜效应研究

1996～ 1997年在山西省隰县的黄土高原沟谷地进行了旱地玉米 5种垄作覆膜方式的比较研究。结果表明 ,秋耕起垄地膜顶凌覆盖效果最明显 ,与秋耕地膜播时覆盖 (CK)相比 ,播前 0～2 0 0cm土体贮水量增加 56 .35mm ,玉米生育期集水率为 53.0 % ,土壤温度平稳适中 ,改善了土壤环境 ,促进了玉米生长发育 ,使玉米产量增加了 37.12 % ,水分利用率提高了 1.93kg/mm。     

水力冲填粉煤灰坝施工固结特性分析

用比奥固结理论计算了水力冲填粉煤灰坝的施工固结过程,从机理上分析了工程中上坝速度的合理确定、坝基沉积灰对冲填坝固结的影响等问题。结果表明,坝下设置排水层可以大大加快坝体施工固结速度,平均上坝速度在0.3m/d以内,坝体施工安全有保障。     

Effects of Long-term Located Fertilization on the Physico-chemical Property of Soil Humus

A systematic study concerning the effects of a long-term stationary fertilization on content and property of soil humus in fluvo-aquic soil sampled from Malan Farm, Xinji City, Hebei, and arid red soil and paddy red soil sampled from the Institute of Red Soil, Jinxian County, Jiangxi was conducted. The results showed that long-term fertilization had effects not only on the content and composition of soil humus, but also on the physico-chemical property of humus. With applying organic manure or combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer, E4 and E6 values of humic acid decreased in fluvo-aquic soil and arid red soil,but increased in paddy red soil. In paddy red soil, E4 and E6 values of humic acid increased also with a single application of chemical fertilizer, but E4 and E6 values had less change of humic acid in fluvo-aquic soil and arid red soil. The effects on the visible spectroscopic property of fulvic acid were different from that of humic acid. Long-term application of organic manure or combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer could increase E4 and E6 values of fulvic acid in three types of soil. Single application of chemical fertilizer had less effect on the E4 and E6. Long-term fertilization could also influence the ultraviolet spectroscopic property of humus. With a single application of organic manure or combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer, the ultraviolet absorbance of humic acid and fulvic acid increased in the three types of soil.But this effect was obvious only in short wave length, and the effect could decrease if the wave length increased. With a single application of chemical fertilizer the ultraviolet absorbance of fulvic acid could increase, but it of humic acid increased only in fluvo-aquic soil. Long-term application of organic manure or combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer could increase the content of total acidic groups, carboxy groups and phenolic hydroxy groups of humic acid and fuvic acid in the three types of soil.Single application of chemical fertilizer had less effect on the content of total acidic groups, carboxy groups and phenolic hydroxy groups of humic acid and fuvic acid in the three types of soil.     

沿江丘陵区土壤酶活性与土壤肥力的关系

对12种不同种植模式的6个土壤酶活性和7个土壤肥力因子进行测定,运用相关分析和典型相关分析方法对数据进行分析,以期阐明沿江丘陵地区土壤酶活性与土壤肥力因子的关系。相关分析的结果表明土壤酶活性与土壤肥力因子密切相关,多数呈极显著正相关。典型相关分析的结果表明“综合土壤酶活性因子”与“综合土壤肥力因子”存在极显著的典型相关关系,其中过氧化物酶、脲酶、多酚氧化酶和淀粉酶与有机质和全氮关系密切。综合土壤肥力因子可以作为土壤肥力评价的重要指标。     

苹果汁热导率的试验研究

采用微热探针法测试装置进行了果汁热导率试验。该装置结构简单、使用方便 ,每次只需试样 5 0mL ,且测试时间 <2 0s ,试样温升 <2℃ ,减小了自然对流造成的测试误差 ,测试过程中可反映试样的真实状态。测定了2 0种不同质量分数苹果汁的热导率 ,苹果汁的质量分数采用WAY(2WAJ)型阿贝折射仪测定。试验结果表明 ,苹果汁质量分数与热导率呈高度负相关 (r >90 % ) ,并得到了 2 7℃环境温度下不同质量分数区域苹果汁热导率的经验公式。对几种不同质量分数区域苹果汁热导率的测试结果表明 ,实际测定结果与经验公式的计算结果能很好地吻合。