砀山酥梨土壤条件的研究

本文对酥梨生长的土壤条件进行了研究,明确指出酥梨产量品质与土壤条件的关系,为因土种植、优质高产提供了科学依据。     

大豆钟子贮藏期间活力变化规律及PEG处理效应

在正规的仓贮条件下,经不同年限贮藏的大豆种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、萌动过程中酸性磷酸酯酶活性和ATP水平下降,与种子活力呈正相关;电导率和丙二醛含量有所升高,与种子活力呈负相关。证明膜及线粒体等发生了生理上的改变,最终表现为田间出苗率及整齐度降低。隔年贮藏的大豆种子田间出苗率与新种子的差异达到极显著。隔年贮藏的大豆种子用浓度为20％的PEG水溶液在15℃条件下处理48小时,活力明显提高,表现为发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、酸性磷酸醋酶活性、ATF水平提高,电导率下降:田间出苗率显著增加,后者与隔一年后收获的种子无明显差异。     

旱坡地集水枣园土壤水分动态研究

在旱坡地上采取隔坡集蓄径流水平沟的整地方法营建枣园，集蓄坡面径流，增加枣园土壤含水率，有效地控制水土流失；通过对枣园土壤水分连续３年的定点观测，掌握了枣园土壤水分动态的变化规律，分析结果表明，所采取的集水工程集水效果较好。     

杨树混交林地土壤微生物与酶活性的变异研究

对北京大兴县林场和河南省民权国营林场２块试验林，面积分别为１．８６ｈｍ￣２和３．２ｈｍ￣２，连续四年（１９９２－１９９５）进行土壤微生物与酶活性定位观测和定量分析，研究杨树不同混交模式土壤微生物和土壤酶活性的变异及其对土壤营养元素含量和林木生长的影响。结果表明：（１）杨树混交可以提高林地土壤微生物数量，５种处理间存在差异（Ｐ＝７９％）。（２）不同混交处理，土壤酶活性存在差异（Ｐ＝８７％），其中转化酶、磷酸酶在Ａ、Ｃ处理中增长较明显；５种酶活性之间差异极显著（Ｐ＞９９％）。（３）杨树混交林的土壤营养元素、土壤微生物、酶活性与林地生产力关系密切。     

京西山地棕壤和淋溶褐土饱和导水率的分析

导水率Ｋ（ｈｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ）是表示孔隙介质透水性能的综合比例系数,即单位水力势梯度下水的通量密度或渗透流速。Ｋ值是土壤颗粒大小分布、固体物质的化学组成和土壤紧实度的函数。因此,对于不同的土壤或同一土壤的不同层次Ｋ值亦可能有差...     

Microbial biomass and activity along a natural pH gradient in forest soils in a karst region of the upper Yangtze River,China

Mountain closure, considered an effective and economic measure for natural restoration of degraded forest ecosystems, has been widely carried out in the karst region of southwest China. The aim of this study was to evaluate microbial aspects of soil quality after mountain closure by analyzing soil microbial biomass, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, and relationships with basic chemical properties in Guizhou Province, a karst region of the upper Yangtze River. Soil quality was considered poor from the low levels of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), and microbial quotient (MBC/total C and MBN/total N), but high metabolic quotient (qCO₂). Soil pH, showing marked variation from 4.1 to 7.9 in this karst region, was proved to significantly affect soil microbial biomass and activity. Soil microbial biomass, microbial quotient, and soil basal respiration declined significantly with decreasing soil pH, while qCO₂ showed an apparently increasing, but not statistically significant, trend. The changes in microbial biomass and activity following the change in soil pH could possibly be because of a change in soil microbial composition, and more detailed research is necessary. Compared with soil pH, soil organic matter content was another, more important, factor that directly restricted microbial growth because of the serious loss as a result of disturbance. As a practical application based on microbial aspects, introduction of some N-fixing tree species may be an active and effective measure to improve soil fertility and thus to accelerate restoration of the forest ecosystem in the karst region.     

橡胶人工林地土壤酶活性与有效态微量元素关系研究

文章以海南省儋州市南部植胶区各农场橡胶人工林地为研究对象,运用典型相关分析研究了橡胶人工林地土壤酶活性和土壤微量元素含量关系。结果表明,土壤有效锰与土壤过氧化氢酶活性的关系最大;土壤有效锌、有效铜与土壤脲酶、多酚氧化酶活性关系密切。各橡胶人工林样点,在典型变量排序图上以不同成土母岩聚集。     

Exotic Pinus carbaea causes soil quality to deteriorate on former abandoned land compared to an indigenous Podocarpus plantation in the tropical forest area of southern China

Soil properties under an exotic plantation (Pinus caribaea) and an indigenous plantation (Podocarpus imbricatus) were compared with adjacent secondary forests and abandoned land in the tropical forest areas of Jianfengling National Nature Reserve in Hainan province, southern China. The surface soil (0–0.2 m) under Pi. caribaea has higher bulk density, lower soil organic carbon, total N, total K, available N, microbial biomass carbon, and smaller soil microbial communities (as indicated by soil Biolog profiles) than under Po. imbricatus. Both land use types showed negative cumulative soil deterioration index (DI) compared to secondary forests. However, compared to abandoned land (DI = –262), the soil quality of Po. imbricatus showed improvement (DI = –194) while that of Pi. caribaea showed deterioration (DI = –358). These results demonstrated that these exotic pine plantations can significantly and negatively influence soil properties. By contrast, our results showed that adoption of indigenous species in plantations, or natural regeneration, can improve soil quality.     

比例溢流阀在拉力轴承试验液压加载系统中的应用

比较了3种液压加载系统调节方式的原理和特点,介绍了该拉力轴承寿命试验装置中采用电比例溢流阀调节方式的组成及工作原理,重点分析了其在恒力加载状态经过闭环控制的工作特性.试验表明,此加载方式调节方便,加载载荷准确,系统性能稳定可靠,应用效果良好.     

阳坡山地花椒园的立地条件和丰产试验

阳坡山地花椒园光热充足,但土壤水分、养分条件较差,因而,限制了单株产量。采用园地覆膜、尿素叶面喷肥技术措施能明显提高单株产量,是石灰岩山地花椒园的重要增产措施。