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21.
南、北盘江流域(贵州部分)土地退化类型及机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在对珠江上游南、北盘江流域(贵州部分)调查的基础上,分析了该流域土地退化成因,原生生态系统的脆弱性只是导致土地退化的一个方面。而人为活动才是土地退化的主要因素。根据土地退化的成因、结果,将珠江上游南、北盘江流域(贵州部分)土地退化划分为:土壤侵蚀、石漠化、土地贫瘠、土壤污染、土壤破坏五种类型,并提出了退化土地的管理及恢复措施。 相似文献
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Abstract. Recent developments in in situγ ray spectrometry offer a new approach to measuring the activity of radionuclides such as 137Cs and 40K in soils, and thus estimating erosion or deposition rates and field moist bulk density (ρm). Such estimates would be rapid and involve minimal site disturbance, especially important where archaeological remains are present. This paper presents the results of a pilot investigation of an eroded field in Scotland in which a portable hyper pure germanium (HPGe) detector was used to measure γ ray spectra in situ. The gamma (γ) photon flux observed at the soil surface is a function of the 137Cs inventory, its depth distribution characteristics and ρm. A coefficient, QCs, derived from the forward scattering of 137Cs γ ray photons within the soil profile relative to the 137Cs full energy peak (662 keV), was used to correct the in situ calibration for changes in the 137Cs vertical distribution in the ploughed field, a function of tillage, soil accumulation and ρm. Based on only 8 measurements, the agreement between in situγ ray spectrometry and soil sample measurements of 137Cs inventories improved from a non significant r2=0.05 to a significant r2=0.62 (P<0.05). Erosion and deposition rates calculated from the corrected in situ137Cs measurements had a similarly good agreement with those calculated from soil cores. Mean soil bulk density was also calculated using a separate coefficient, QK, derived from the forward scattering γ photons from 40K within the soil relative to the 40K full energy peak (1460 keV). Again there was good agreement with soil core measurements (r2=0.64; P<0.05). The precision of the in situ137Cs measurement was limited by the precision with which QCs can be estimated, a function of the low 137Cs deposition levels associated with the weapons testing fallout and relatively low detector efficiency (35%). In contrast, the precision of the in situ ρm determination was only limited by the spatial variability associated with soil sampling. 相似文献
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履带式拖拉机和轮式拖拉机由于其走行机构的不同,其集材道土壤压实也存在差异,特别衡量土壤压实的两个重要指标——土壤硬度和孔隙度——两种机型不一致。通过对调查测定数据进行计算处理以及用灰色系统理论进行动态分析,结果表明:与轮式拖拉机相比,履带式拖拉机对苗木生长是有利的。 相似文献
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Abstract. Current tillage erosion models account for the influence of tillage direction in the magnitude of the soil (tillage) transport coefficient. It is argued here that this is counter-intuitive and causes significant problems in modelling tillage erosion in areas of complex terrain. This article examines whether a re-modelling of tillage erosion is possible that separates tillage direction (an interaction with the landform) from the soil transport coefficient (a measure of tillage intensity representing the combination of implement erosivity and soil erodibility). Experimental data for mouldboard ploughing upslope, downslope and cross-slope at Coombe Barton Farm, Devon are examined. Integration of data for all directions into a single relationship, which relates translocation in the direction of tillage to slope in the direction of tillage and translocation perpendicular to tillage to slope perpendicular to tillage, is not possible using previously published methods of analysis. However, when total translocation distance is regressed against the tangent of the slope at 45° to the tillage direction (bisecting the tillage direction and the direction of overturning) it is found that a single relationship can be used to describe tillage in all three directions. Therefore, this relationship is used to determine a single value of the soil transport coefficient ( k fTa ) for constant soil and implement conditions but different tillage directions. This redefinition of tillage is important both for true estimation of tillage erosion severity, the adirectional coefficient being 40% larger than the directional coefficient, and for modelling of tillage erosion in complex terrain. These improvements are vital when tillage erosion simulation is used to direct soil conservation strategies. 相似文献
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平潭县燕下埔沙荒风口综合治理试验初报 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对燕下埔沙荒风口地段的综合治理试验结果表明:风口造林要取得成功,除了要采取必要的生物措施,更为重要的是应设置具有一定疏透度的风障以降低风沙危害,提高造林成活率。 相似文献
29.
松嫩平原羊草草地水淹干扰恢复过程的群落动态 总被引:16,自引:6,他引:10
根据随机取样的测定数据,经过幂函数和多元回归分析及相关检验,揭示了草地水淹干扰对羊草 寸草苔、羊草 杂类草群范数量性状的变化规律。水淹干扰对草地植被的物种组成及其比例有明显的影响。水淹后基本恢复到正常草地的种类数量和生产量配置大约需要6—7年。随着生境水分减少和土壤变干,羊草种群的数量和生物量均以幂函数形式增加,而寸草苔和杂类草的数量和生物量则呈先增后降的变化过程。 相似文献
30.
退化草地土壤生化活性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对三种不同退化程度的退化草地土壤生化活性进行测定和相关性分析,结果表明草地退化后其土壤生化活性受到不同程度的影响,表现为土壤生化活性随着退化程度增高而减小,但差异并非都达到统计学上的显著性,而土壤生化活性间的相关性则显著地与草地退化程度有关,说明退化草地土壤微生物间的协调作用受到显著影响,从而影响土壤氮素和碳素代谢途径。 相似文献