打破野生藏沙蒿种子休眠方法的筛选与评价

为筛选能够打破野生藏沙蒿（Artemisia wellbyi）种子休眠的适宜方法，本研究采用不同温度的温水浸种，不同浓度硝酸钾（KNO₃）、赤霉素（GA₃）、吲哚乙酸（IAA）、微量元素浸种以及不同浓度过氧化氢（H₂O₂）、聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）浸泡滤纸等7种方法处理藏沙蒿种子，测定种子萌发及活力指标，并利用隶属函数法将各指标进行综合评价。结果表明：随着KNO₃浓度的升高，藏沙蒿种子的相对发芽率呈现升高的趋势；且高浓度KNO₃对藏沙蒿种子根的伸长有较高促进作用；低浓度的GA₃，IAA，PEG-6000和30℃温水浸种对藏沙蒿种子萌发有促进效果；微量元素浸种对藏沙蒿种子的萌发影响较对照差异不显著；较高H₂O₂浓度下藏沙蒿发芽指数有所升高，但对其根长和芽长有一定抑制作用。综合分析，不同浓度GA₃，10 mg·L^-1IAA浸种处理12 h对藏沙蒿种子的萌发促进效果整体最优，可以作为打破藏沙蒿种子休眠的适宜方法。     

The relative contributions of soil hydrophilicity and raindrop impact to soil aggregate breakdown for a series of textured soils

Soil aggregate breakdown is the first key factor that causes soil erosion. At present, research on the mechanisms of soil aggregate breakdown during rainfall is common. However, the research to on quantifying the relative contributions of internal and external forces to aggregate breakdown remains limited. This paper was conducted to analyse the relative contribution of internal and external forces to aggregate disintegration and the factors affecting aggregate stability during rainfall. Soil aggregates with a series of textures were selected as test soil samples; deionized water was employed as the soaking solution and rainfall material in static disintegration experiments and rainfall simulation tests. The effect of internal force (soil hydrophilicity) on aggregate disintegration was analysed by the static disintegration method, and the combined effects of internal force (soil hydrophilicity) and external force (raindrop impact) on soil aggregate breakdown were analysed by rainfall simulation experiments. The results indicated that external force caused more severe soil aggregate breakdown than internal force, and the crushed aggregate was mainly distributed in the range of 2–0.25 mm. With increasing rainfall kinetic energy, the degree of aggregate breakdown increased gradually, and the degree of aggregation of the soil particles decreased gradually. Furthermore, soil aggregates with a high clay content (> 30%) were more stable than medium-clay (20–30%) and low-clay (< 20%) soil aggregates, and the correlation coefficient provided a good representation of the relationship between the clay content and soil aggregate stability index (ASI). Therefore, external force contributed more to soil aggregate breakdown than internal force during rainfall, and clay plays an important role in aggregate stability. The results of this study are of great significance for elaborating the mechanism and factors affecting aggregate breakdown.     

尿石素A浸种对玉米种子活力和萌发的影响

种子活力的高低直接影响种子萌发、幼苗生长及后期植株的产量和品质。活力低的种子通过浸种(引发)处理可提高种子活力。尿石素A(UA)是一种可重启线粒体自噬和延长秀丽线虫寿命的天然化合物。以老化5 d的郑单958玉米种子(发芽率约为60%)为材料,分别用0、0.5、2.5、5.0、25.0、50.0和100.0μmol/L尿石素A浸种12 h,探究UA浸种对种子活力和萌发的影响。结果发现,用不同浓度的UA浸种均不同程度地促进种子提前萌发,提高发芽率,增幅为3.67%～26.33%,25μmol/L尿石素A浸种效果最好。通过体内、体外实验分析UA对种胚中主要活性氧清除酶活性的影响,发现均显著提高过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的酶活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量。用UA浸种可能通过提高体内活性氧清除酶的活性,进而增强种子的发芽能力。