青海半细毛羊羊毛纤维长度与含硫量的分布

通过对青海半细毛羊羊毛纤维长度方向1cm区段含硫量的测定。结果表明青海半细毛羊纤维不同长度区段的含硫量不同,含硫顶峰值公羊1岁9cm,2岁14cm,成年14cm,母羊1岁12cm,2岁8cm,成年10cm。毛纤维垂直方向上,中,下三段中,含硫量以中段最高。二岁公羊毛长与含硫量的正相关,相关系数R＝0．75735,一岁母羊呈中等正相关,R＝0．31762,其余各性别年龄组内呈弱的负相关,相关系数为R＝－0．01016－0．23774。     

肉羊精料可代谢蛋白质预测模型的建立

目的 在通过概略养分或可消化养分建立肉用绵羊常用精饲料可代谢蛋白质（metabolic protein, MP）的预测模型,为动物日粮的科学配置提供依据。方法 试验选用14月龄,平均体重为（49.27±3.12）kg的安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的杜寒杂交1代肉用羯羊6只,采用尼龙袋法和改进三步体外法测定10种精饲料的瘤胃有效降解率、瘤胃非降解蛋白质（undegraded dietary protein, UDP）及UDP小肠消化率;另外选用10只体况健康、平均体重（47.43±4.41）kg的杜寒杂交成年公羊分11期进行消化代谢试验,设11个处理组,其中1个基础饲粮组和10个试验饲粮组,试验组饲粮分别由高粱、玉米、大麦、小麦、燕麦、菜籽粕、花生粕、棉籽粕、豆粕及玉米酒糟（distillers dried grains with solubles, DDGS）等替换基础饲粮中羊 草、玉米和豆粕,每个处理10个重复,每个重复1只羊,每期饲喂20 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期5 d。试验羊提前打好耳号,使用伊维菌素进行驱虫,单栏饲养。由于各组饲粮营养成分存在差异造成采食量不同,在预饲期观察并确定最低组的采食量作为限喂量,每天饲喂两次,分别于8:00、16:30饲喂,每次饲喂600 g,自由饮水。采用全收粪尿法测定养分表观消化率和尿嘌呤衍生物法（purine derivative,PD）测定微生物合成蛋白质（microbial synthetic protein, MCP）,通过养分含量或可消化养分建立MP的预测模型。试验数据采用SAS 9.1中的NLIN程序计算a、b、c值和直线回归与多元回归程序分析建立MP估测模型,单因素方差分析（one-way ANOVA, LSD）进行显著性检验结果 饲料的粗蛋白质（CP）瘤胃降解率和UDP小肠消化率均因饲料种类不同而异,高蛋白饲料的CP瘤胃降解率和UDP小肠消化率较高,10种精饲料的CP瘤胃有效降解率的范围在43.71%—60.87%之间,UDP小肠消化率的范围在80.10%—92.86%之间,其中燕麦饲料的瘤胃有效降解率显著高于其他9种饲料 (P＜0.001),而其UDP小肠消化率显著低于其他9种饲料 (P＜0.001);饲粮组成不同,各营养物质的表观消化率不同;瘤胃可降解蛋白质与瘤胃非降解蛋白质比例的变化,不会对全消化道养分的表观消化率产生显著影响;本研究中10种饲料的MP与DP的比例范围在50.96%—62.33%之间,基于饲粮CP（%）含量预测可消化蛋白质（DP,%）的模型是DP=0.895×CP-2.663（R ²=0.994,n=10,P＜0.001）;基于养分含量（%）和可消化养分（%）建立的MP（g·kg ^-1 DM）预测模型分别是：MP=5.323×CP-14.374 (R ²=0.994,n=10,P＜0.001)和MP=5.899×DP+2.077 (R ²=0.984,n=10,P＜0.001)。 结论 饲粮中的粗蛋白质含量与可消化蛋白质存在强相关性;饲粮中概略养分含量和可消化养分与MP存在相关性,可以通过饲粮概略养分含量或可消化养分比较准确地估测精饲料的MP值。     

CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY OF THE OVINE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Contrast radiography of the alimentary canal was conducted in six adult sheep with barium sulfate (70% W/V, 25–30 ml/kg). A period of 12 hours was adequate for opacification of most parts of the gastrointestinal tract. The presence of contrast medium in different parts of the alimentary canal was noted for as long as 60 hours. The right lateral view was adequate for visualization of most structures, but the typical laminar mucosal pattern of the omasum and the spiral mucosal folds of the abomasum were demonstrated better on the ventrodorsal view.     

Blood Polymorphism in West African Breeds of Sheep

This paper reports the blood groups and blood protein distribution in West African sheep breeds. About 100 animals of the Djallonke, Fulani and Touabire breeds were sampled for blood polymorphism analysis. Their blood groups were typed by haemolytic and agglutination reactions, and their blood proteins by starch gel electrophoresis. Almost all the loci analysed showed variability in the three breeds, with the Touabire and Fulani being closer to each other than to the Djallonke.     

澳洲白绵羊与湖羊在甘肃河西走廊区杂交效果评价

以饲养在甘肃省河西走廊地区的澳洲白绵羊为父本,湖羊为母本进行杂交,测定试验母羊繁殖产羔性能及其杂交后代的生长发育、日增量、饲料消耗及饲料利用经济效益等,对澳洲白绵羊与湖羊的杂交效果进行全面评估。结果表明,澳洲白公羊与湖羊配种受胎率与湖羊纯繁(对照组)差异不显著,参试杂交母羊的产羔率低于对照组,但羔羊成活率高于对照组。相同饲养条件下,澳湖杂交一代试验组(F_1)6月龄以及12月龄公羊和母羊总体平均体质量比湖羊对照组分别提高27.62%和23.02%,差异极显著,体高、体斜长和胸围也比对照组极显著提高。试验组F_1公羊初生～3月龄、3～6月龄和6～12月龄的日增量分别为325.36 g、332.51 g和356.24 g,显著高于对照组。F_1公羊周岁屠宰率和净肉率分别为53.34%和45.30%,显著高于对照组。F_1公羊初生～3月龄、3～6月龄、6～12月龄每100 g体增量饲料消耗费用分别为0.46元、0.99元和1.04元,所对应的对照组湖羊公羊每100 g体增量饲料消耗费用分别为0.58元、1.42元和1.70元,试验组F_1每100 g体增量饲料消耗低于对照组,饲料消耗成本下降,饲养效益提高。研究表明,在甘肃省河西走廊地区选择以澳洲白作为父本,湖羊为母本,是该地区理想的肉羊杂交组合模式之一。     

Effects of Grazing Intensity on Soil and Vegetation Properties in a Mediterranean Rangeland

Grazing modifies the aboveground soil and plants of rangeland ecosystems. This study was conducted to determine the effects of various grazing intensity levels on soil bulk density, soil pH, soil electrical conductivity (EC), soil total organic carbon (TOC), aboveground biomass production, plant community richness (N), and vegetation diversity (H) in Gian Rangeland, Hamedan Province, Iran. Soil and vegetation samplings were conducted based on the randomized systematic method. Soil and vegetation samplings were carried out along 100-m-long transects placed at 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 m running perpendicular to six sheep corrals. The effects of various grazing intensities on studied parameters were detected by analysis of variance (ANOVA) (at α = 0.05). Results of this study indicated the soil bulk density, EC, TOC, aboveground biomass production, plant community richness, and vegetation diversity values were altered significantly at different distances from the sheep corrals. However, soil pH was not significantly affected by various grazing intensities.     

陶赛特羊和小尾寒羊在青海湟源地区的生态适应性分析

为评定引入青海省湟源县良种肉羊繁育基地的陶赛特羊和小尾寒羊两个绵羊品种的生态适应性,对其18个生理生化指标进行了系统测定分析,结果表明：①引入的陶赛特羊和小尾寒羊两个绵羊品种大多数生理生化指标在品种内或不同品种间的不同性别、不同年龄个体间以及同性别、同年龄个体间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。②两绵羊品种所测血浆CO2结合力远超出本地藏绵羊水平;体温（T）、呼吸频率（R）、脉搏（P）和瘤胃蠕动频率以及白细胞数（WBC）、红细胞数（RBC）、血红蛋白含量（HGB）的测定结果均大致在本地藏绵羊的各生理指标测定范围之内。③与已引入青海牧区的小尾寒羊大多数生理生化指标相比,本次引进的小尾寒羊在经过一段时间的适应性饲养后,其大多数生理生化指标已与其基本接近或一致;同时,引入的陶赛特羊和小尾寒羊与原产地相应品种在基础生理指标上相比较接近。     

添加V_(B_(12))、V_E、V_C对无角道塞特绵羊精液冷冻效果的影响

探讨在无角道塞特绵羊冷冻精液稀释液中添加VB12、VE、VC对精子冷冻品质的影响。在无角道塞特绵羊冷冻精液稀释液中添加不同质量浓度的VB12、VE、VC制作细管冻精,解冻后观察精子的成活率和顶体完整率等指标。结果显示,VB12添加0.003 g/L时能够显著提高解冻后的精子活率(P0.05)和精子顶体完整率(P0.05);VE添加2.5 g/L时,能够极显著提高解冻后的精子活率(P0.01)和顶体完整率(P0.01);VC的添加4.4 g/L时能够显著提高解冻后的精子活率(P0.05),但对冷冻后精子的顶体完整率无影响。在稀释液中添加VB12、VE和VC能使解冻后精子品质得到提高。VE添加后能够极显著提高冷冻精子的顶体完整率,应该优先考虑添加。     

秸秆分解剂处理秸秆饲喂小尾寒羊效果研究

试验选用40只2.5岁左右的小尾寒羊羯羊作为试验动物,将其随机分为对照组和试验组,每组20只,进行饲养试验,对照组饲喂试验场现行日粮,试验组饲喂用秸秆分解剂处理的秸秆,预试期4 d,正试期28 d.结果表明:经秸秆分解剂处理后玉米秸秆营养成分中的OM和CP有所增加,NDF和ADF有所降低,试验组羊只的累计平均日增体质量较对照组提高42.7%,差异显著(P<0.05),经济效益较好.     

Unilateral scrotal pyocele in ram caused by Staphylococcus capitis

A massive unilateral scrotal pyocele caused by Staphylococcus capitis in a 6‐year‐old ram is reported. Ultrasound examination of the right hemiscrotum showed an irregular hyperechoic mass in an anechoic fluid. A dense exudate was collected from the scrotum for microbiological analysis. Grossly, there was an extensive greenish purulent exudate and a completely atrophied right testis. Coagulase‐negative S. capitis was isolated in pure culture. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of genital infection by S. capitis in rams. This microorganism should be included in the differential diagnosis of ovine genital infections.