Preference of Sheep for Three Forms of Mucuna Forage and the Effect of Supplementation with Mucuna Forage on the Performance of Sheep

Assessment of the preference of sheep for fresh, dried or ensiled forms of mucuna (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) forage was followed by investigations into the effect of supplementing straw-based diets with the forage. Four sheep were offered fresh, dried and ensiled forms of the forage in a cafeteria style to assess their preference. In the second experiment, 20 sheep were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, namely, alkali-treated straw only (M0), treated straw supplemented with mucuna forage at 0.3% (M10), 0.6% (M20) or 0.75% (M25) of body weight (approximately 10%, 20% and 25%, respectively, of the total dry matter intake). The daily feed intakes were determined and the sheep were weighed weekly for 10 weeks. The sheep showed a marked preference for fresh mucuna forage over either the dried or ensiled forms. The total dry matter intake increased by 15% and 21%, respectively, with M20 and M25. All the groups lost weight over the feeding period. However, only M0 gave weight losses during the second half of the feeding period. The feed conversion efficiency followed a trend similar to that for weight gains. M20 had the greatest effect on growth and feed conversion efficiency.     

人工草地绵羊系统分析与评价Ⅱ系统灰色局势决策

用灰色局势决策方法对云南省种羊场人工草地绵羊系统1990～1999年的系统各种资料进行权衡并加以量化评价,计算出整个系统及其子系统(或要素)效果测度值.     

反刍家畜主组织相容复合物的研究进展

MHC是由紧密连锁的高度多态的基因座位所组成的染色体上的一个遗传区域 ,由于在免疫系统中发挥着重要作用并与抗病性能密切相关 ,因此近年来成为家畜抗病育种研究中最为活跃的部分。本文综述了牛、绵羊和山羊MHC的结构、特点及其与抗病性状之间的关系 ,同时讨论了MHC在家畜育种中的应用前景。     

甘肃高山细毛羊性成熟期卵巢组织候选miRNA的研究

为丰富绵羊mi RNA数据库和了解mi RNA对哺乳动物卵巢的调控机理,应用高通量测序技术成功构建甘肃高山细毛羊性成熟期卵巢mi RNA的c DNA文库,获得9 321 775条clean reads,鉴定出267条绵羊新mi RNAs序列,分析发现候选mi RNA首位碱基对U和A具有偏向性。候选mi RNA共预测到12 692条靶基因,GO注释表明,多达70%的基因与细胞及细胞间组分和元件有关,超过77%的基因参与了细胞过程,约78.5%的基因具有结合功能。KEGG通路分析显示约10.61%的基因与代谢通路有关。试验结果对研究绵羊卵巢mi RNA具有一定的理论价值和现实意义。     

Progress on major genes for high fecundity in ewes

The existence of major genes affecting fecundity in sheep flocks throughout the world has been demonstrated. Three major genes whose mutations can increase ovulation rate have been discovered, and all related to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily. The mutant FecB of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B (BMPR1B) has an additive effect on ovulation rate. Six mutations (FecX^I, FecX^H, FecX^G, FecX^B, FecX^L, FecX^R) of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) related with fertility have been identified that share the same mechanism. All the mutants can increase ovulation rate in heterozygotes and cause complete sterility in homozygotes. Homozygous ewes with two new mutations (FecX^Gr, FecX^O) of BMP15 had increased ovulation rate without causing sterility. There are five mutations in growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) associated with sheep prolificacy where FecG^E and FecG^F have additive an effect on ovulation rate and litter size. The newly identified β-1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (B4GALNT2) gene of FecL is proposed as a new mechanism of ovulation rate regulation in sheep. Woodlands is an X-linked maternally imprinted gene which increases ovulation rate. In addition, several putative major genes need to be verified. This review is focused on the identification of the mutations and mechanisms whereby the major genes affecting ovulation rate.     

对提高榕江山地肉羊繁殖能力的技术分析

肉羊是适应外界环境最强的家畜之一,食性广、耐粗饲、抗逆性强。饲养肉羊投资少、周转快、效益稳、回报率高。如何提高肉羊繁殖力,更好更快的提高和带动当地养殖户的养殖技术及促进榕江县的肉羊产业发展,文章对提高榕江山地肉羊繁殖能力做一个技术分析。     

Valuing Potential Benefits of Research into the Biological Control of Californian Thistle （Cirsium arvense）： A Bioeconomic Model

The present research developed a bioeconomic model for control of Californian thistle （Cirsium arvense L. Scop.） in intensive, lowland sheep pastures in New Zealand. Production costs included two control methods： herbicides and defoliation, with defoliation encompassing both physical means and biocontrol measures. The model was used to examine the economic value of a research programme into biological control of the weed, given several different future scenarios. These scenarios were high herbicide prices, a price premium for lamb raised without chemical herbicides, and development of herbicide resistance. The model results were used to estimate national impacts. If the only change in the agricultural sector was the cost of the biocontrol to the nation＇s farmers, the research programme to find an effective biocontrol agent had little economic impact. If other factors changed, such as the price of petroleum or levels of herbicide resistance in the weed. the model＇s results suggested that intensive sheep farming could grow or shrink by as much as NZ$219 million dollars over five years. In the latter case, having an alternative control method reduced potential losses and increased potential gains, resulting in a net benefit of between NZ$81 million and NZ$153 million. This work extended prior research in several ways. First. Californian thistle reproduces via root buds, which affected the modelling of weed behaviour. Secondly, the model allowed optimistation over continuous levels of weed control for two different methods. Thirdly, the model accounted for both weed control and damage to nitrogen-fixing clover from herbicide use. Finally, the research investigated optimal weed control in several different alternative future states.     

乌鲁木齐和阿勒泰地区绵羊丝状网尾线虫流行情况比较研究

绵羊丝状网尾线虫(Dictyocaulus filaria)即肺丝虫是引起绵羊肺线虫病的主要病原,在我国主要分布在西北地区,新疆是高发区,对畜牧业经济的发展有着重大的影响.通过贝尔曼氏幼虫分离法和肺脏系统检查法对乌鲁木齐和阿勒泰地区冬春季绵羊丝状网尾线虫感染情况和流行病学的比较研究,发现阿勒泰地区绵羊丝状网尾线虫的幼虫平均感染率为54.91;,高于乌鲁木齐地区的幼虫平均感染率42.06;;肺脏剖检乌鲁木齐地区的阳性率为8;,阿勒泰地区为34.1;,较1977～1988年二者的肺脏剖检阳性率(45;和47.92;)均有下降,乌鲁木齐地区下降的幅度更大.对此以及一些相关问题进行了讨论分析并提出了有效的防治措施.     

军垦型美利奴羊的血清转铁蛋白分析

为了探索军型型,新疆型和澳大利亚型美利奴羊之间羊血清与主要生产性状之间的相关性,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测定了３个品系的４７８只军垦型美利奴羊,１３２只新疆型美利奴羊和３９只澳大利亚美利奴羊的血清转铁蛋白。     

自走式肉羊饲喂机的设计与试验

介绍了自走式肉羊饲喂机的主要结构组成及工作原理。为研究其工作性能,选取多浪羊为试验对象,采用饲喂机加工后的全混合日粮进行饲喂,以肉羊增重和饲料残留量为试验指标开展试验。试验结果表明:自走式肉羊饲喂机加工的全混合日粮变异系数为8.9%,混合均匀度为91.1%,饲料搅拌混合均匀,满足肉羊饲料食用要求;对于肉羊养殖,采用全混合日粮自由采食饲养方式较人工分饲方式增重效果极显著(P0.01);饲料残留量减少极显著(P0.01)。本自走式肉羊饲喂机的研制满足了肉羊饲喂的要求,可以提高经济效益。