Top Dressing of Feed with Desiccated Chlamydospores of Duddingtonia flagrans for Biological Control of the Pre-Parasitic Stages of Ovine Haemonchus contortus

Feeding trials were conducted with stall-fed sheep parasitized with Haemonchus contortus. For 10 days they were offered 250 g of a concentrate feed that had been top-dressed with desiccated chlamydospores of Duddingtonia flagrans at 1×10⁵, 5×10⁵, 1×10⁶ or 2×10⁶ chlamydospores/kg body weight. Pooled faeces from each group on day 7 of spore feeding were spread on different pasture plots. On day 28 after the start of spore feeding, further pooled faeces from each group were spread on the same plots. The larval burdens on the plots were monitored for 2 months and the larval harvest from in vitro faecal cultures were monitored regularly. The application of 1×10⁶ or more spores/kg body weight virtually eliminated larvae from both the pasture and the faecal cultures. The application of as few as 1×10⁵ spores/kg body weight had a profound impact on larval recovery. The effect persisted while the spores were being fed but not for more than 4 days following discontinuation of spore feeding. Top dressing supplementary feed with dried chlamydospores offers a potential way of using D. flagrans for biological control of the pre-parasitic stages of H. contortus.     

Response of Corriedale and Crioula Lanada Sheep to Artificial Primary Infection with Haemonchus Contortus

Clinical, parasitological and biochemical parameters were evaluated in Corriedale and Crioula Lanada sheep after a single experimental infection with Haemonchus contortus. Ten 4-month-old worm-free lambs, of each breed, were infected with 200 L₃ H. contortus per kg live weight and four uninfected animals of each breed were used as controls. Every week, the animals were weighed and blood and faecal samples were collected for measurement of packed cell volume (PCV), total serum protein (TSP) and albumin (ALB), and the number of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG), respectively. Twelve weeks after infection, the animals were slaughtered. The worm burden was determined and samples of the abomasal mucosa were processed for determination of the number of eosinophils, mast cells and globule leukocytes. No significant differences in PCV, TSP, ALB, parasite burden or the cell populations of the abomasal mucosa were observed between breeds, but Crioula lambs had a lower EPG count. The comparison of the infected groups with their respective controls revealed significant alterations in PCV, TSP and ALB in the Corriedale lambs and in PCV, TSP, ALB and the density of eosinophils and mast cells in the Crioula lambs.     

大尾寒羊妊娠期蛋白质维持需要量及代谢规律的研究

选用大尾寒羊妊娠及空怀母羊各６只，进行氮平衡试验。结果表明，大尾寒羊妊娠并不能导致其采食量显著提高；妊娠大尾寒羊与空怀母羊相比，蛋白质的沉积效率显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；大尾寒羊妊娠期可消化粗蛋白的维持需要量（ＲＤＣＰｍ）可以由下述公式求得：ＲＤＣＰｍ＝２．４３Ｗ０．７５（ｇ／ｄ）式中：Ｗ０．７５为代谢体重（ｋｇ）     

蒙古绵羊早期胚胎静脉系统的组织发生

蒙古绵羊胚胎发育到１７ｄ、１７ｈ,心房两侧有３对静脉原基发生,包括总主静脉,脐静脉及脐肠系膜静脉。胚胎发育到３０ｄ龄,左总主静脉右移分化成冠状静脉。右总主静脉则分化成前腔静脉。３０ｄ龄以后,左及右前主静脉间发生吻合,称左臂头静脉。左及右臂头静脉合并后汇总于前腔静脉。胚胎发育到２９ｄ龄,后主静脉前段及中段退化,后段分化成总髂静脉。脐肠系膜静脉发生于卵黄静脉。胚胎发育到２０～３０ｄ龄,在中肾的腹内侧发     

绵羊MTNR1a基因mRNA表达量的季节性差异

本试验分别于春分、夏至、秋分和冬至4个节气,随机选择体况良好体重相近的蒙古羊8只,外科手术取下丘脑、垂体组织样品,采用RT-PCR方法对其褪黑素受体MTNR1a基因表达进行半定量分析.结果表明:绵羊MTNR1a基因表达存在明显的季节性节律,下丘脑MTNR1a基因表达量在夏至时最低,秋分时最高,春冬季节相近;垂体MTNR1a基因表达量在秋分时最低,夏至时最高,春冬季节也相近.     

补饲高锰酸钾对绵羊瘤胃pH和TVFA的影响

用三只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的新疆细毛羯羊(平均体重40kg)按2×2因子方差设计试验,研究两种精料水平下补饲高锰酸钾对绵羊瘤胃pH值和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度的影响。结果表明:1 瘤胃pH值与TVFA浓度间呈强负相关,r=-0.8581(n=28,p<0.01);2 高锰酸钾降低瘤胃TVFA浓度(p<0.10),升高瘤胃pH值(p<0.05)。说明高锰酸钾对瘤胃发酵水平具有调控作用。     

慢病毒生产卵泡抑素转基因绵阳PCR检测方法的建立(英文)

[目的]建立稳定快速的慢病毒转基因羊DNA水平检测方法。[方法]采集初生转基因羔羊的子叶、脐带、尾组织以及死亡羔羊的全身各组织,提取基因组DNA作为模板进行PCR检测,以Follistatin基因N+D1片段特异性引物进行PCR检测;同时,对慢病毒载体的CMV启动子、5’-LTR等结构元件进行PCR检测;提取死亡羔羊的全身组织以及转基因羔羊的活体肌肉组织总RNA,进行RTPCR检测。[结果]采用试剂盒提取的基因组DNA比常规方法提取的DNA快速、高效,且更易被检测,扩增时的引物采用载体上游与目标基因下游的组合大大增加了检测的特异性,避免了内源性目标基因的干扰而造成假阳性;初生转基因羔羊的尾组织可作为PCR检测的组织样品,其结果可靠、准确;对CMV启动子及5’-LTR等结构元件作PCR检测为转基因动物的安全性考察提供了数据,同时验证了转基因羔羊目的基因的检测结果;对转基因羔羊肌肉组织提取总RNA后进行RT-PCR检测,其中有3只羔羊没有检测到转录产物,其他均有转录。[结论]该研究建立的转基因绵羊PCR检测方法高效、快速且准确,为进一步蛋白水平检测提供试验依据,也为建立转基因绵羊系统性多层次的检测方法奠定基础,还为转基因绵羊的安全监测提供了稳定的技术平台。     

油料籽实育肥成年母羊的效果

将15只成年小尾寒羊母羊随机分为3组,1组为对照组,2组为试验组.对照组羊只仅喂基础日粮,试验组羊在喂基础日粮的基础上分别添加油菜籽和红花籽进行饲喂效果研究.结果表明:平均采食量红花组和油菜组比对照组分别提高了8.9%和6.5%;平均日增重油菜组和红花组比对照组分别提高了61.7%和21.9%;料肉比红花组和油菜组分别比对照组降低了11.2%和34.4%.胴体品质中仅屠宰率油菜组显著高于红花组,其他指标组间差异均不显著.羊肉常规营养成分中水分、干物质、粗灰分和粗蛋白含量组间差异不显著,粗脂肪含量油菜组显著高于对照组(P<0.05).经济效益分析结果表明:油菜组的效益最好,为17.96元/只.     

不同氮源日粮中添加烟酸对绵羊瘤胃发酵的影响

【目的】研究3种不同氮源日粮中添加烟酸对绵羊瘤胃发酵的影响,为生产实践提供理论依据。【方法】将9只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的绵羊随机分为3组,每组3只,分别饲喂豆粕、麻饼和尿素-麻饼型基础日粮。通过体外培养法研究添加一定量烟酸后,3种不同氮源日粮在培养0,0.5,1,2,4,8,12,16,20,22h后,培养液中NH3-N和细菌N质量浓度、原虫数、总挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)及乙酸、丙酸浓度和乙酸/丙酸的变化情况。【结果】添加烟酸后,尿素-麻饼型日粮培养液中NH3-N和细菌N质量浓度和原虫数均高于豆粕型日粮,而豆粕型日粮又高于麻饼型日粮,差异显著性随培养时间而变化;尿素-麻饼型日粮NH3-N质量浓度在培养2h达最高,之后下降,在4h后趋于平稳,而细菌N质量浓度在培养0～12h有升高趋势,12～22h又降低,但差异均不显著(P0.05)。豆粕型日粮在培养2h内NH3-N质量浓度升高,之后下降,在培养4h达最低,4h后又缓慢升高;而细菌N质量浓度在0～8h升高,8～22h下降。麻饼型日粮在培养过程中,NH3-N和细菌N质量浓度差异均不显著(P0.05)。3种日粮培养液中原虫数均在培养后4h达最高值,之后有所下降。不同氮源日粮对总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸、丙酸浓度及乙酸/丙酸的影响差异均不显著(P0.05)。【结论】添加烟酸后,尿素-麻饼型日粮NH3-N利用率较高,产生较多的细菌和原虫,饲喂效果优于其他2种日粮;麻饼型日粮饲喂效果最差。     

祁连县白藏羊选育技术研究

[目的]研究青海省祁连县白藏羊的品种特征。[方法]选取100只白藏羊为研究对象,对其产毛量、毛长、体重及体尺指数进行测定,并用SPSS软件进行相关性和回归性分析。[结果]除体重和毛长相关系数不显著外,其他指标间相关性均达到显著（P〈0.05）或极显著水平（P〈0.01）;多元回归分析表明,白藏羊体重和毛长呈消长关系。[结论]该研究为祁连县白藏羊选育方案的确定和完善提供了有益参考。