西杂哺乳犊牛补饲方法试验报告

本研究选用４４头１０日龄西杂二代犊牛,随机分成试验组和对照组,试验组定时定量补饲饲配合饲料,且喂以干麦草和混合料,研究犊牛增重效果。结果表明,在补饲人,试验组和对照组的平均日增重分别为８３８和４８７ｇ;头均补饲草料量无显著差异;头均盈利分别为７８８和４７６元。试验组件和出栏时间比对照组提前增年至一年。西杂占在哺乳期积累补饲培育,具有良好的增重效果和明显的经济效益。     

不同培育方式对西门塔尔犊牛生长发育性能的影响

【目的】探讨不同犊牛培育方式对犊牛生长发育性能的影响。【方法】根据2018—2021年的犊牛培育方法及生长发育性能,以西门塔尔牛为研究对象比较四组的培育效果,试验Ⅰ组采用带犊母牛白天放牧,其余时间随母哺乳;试验Ⅱ组采用白天放牧+早补饲,其余时间随母哺乳;试验Ⅲ组(传统组)采用带犊母牛全天舍饲,犊牛全天自由哺乳;试验Ⅳ组采用母牛舍饲,定时自然哺乳方式(按月龄限制哺乳次数)和犊牛岛内补饲。补饲组采用犊牛7日龄开始补饲,然后比较各组间0—4月龄(4月龄断奶)、4—6月龄犊牛的生长发育性能。【结果】结果表明：西门塔尔牛公、母犊初生重分别为45 kg和41 kg,四种培育方式对犊牛初生重影响不大;而试验Ⅳ组采用母牛舍饲,定时哺乳方式提高犊牛日增重明显,生长发育性能表现最好,料重比最低,4月龄断奶和6月龄体重都最高,公、母犊体重分别达217.19±52.27 kg和191.50±14.62 kg、296.11±26.51 kg和259.11±24.92 kg。3—4月龄采取过渡性断奶,定时哺乳和犊牛岛内补饲可提高犊牛成活率,减少断奶应激,促进犊牛生长发育,提高了种牛的供种水平。【结论】母牛舍饲,分...     

西门塔尔牛改良烟台本地黄牛的效果调查

本文介绍了烟台市利用西门塔尔牛杂交改良本地黄牛的效果。结果表明：西杂牛生长发育快，体型外貌改善，生产性能提高，适应性好，并取得较好的社会、经济和生态效益。     

不同水平蛋氨酸铜对肉牛营养物质消化率的影响

试验采用4×4拉丁方设计,选用4头年龄2.5～3岁、平均体重(420±20)kg装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔阉牛,以DL-蛋氨酸螯合铜为铜源,以混合精料和风干玉米秸秆为基础日粮,研究在1.3倍维持水平下,日粮添加不同水平的铜(0,8,16,24 mg/kg干物质)对肉牛营养物质消化率的影响.结果表明,8 mg/kg组粗脂肪(EE)的消化率最好,差异不显著(P>0.05);16 mg/kg组无氮浸出物(NFE)的消化率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);24 mg/kg组有机物(OM)、粗蛋白(CP)、粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的消化率最好,其中粗蛋白(CP)的消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.01).日粮中添加24 mg/kg干物质的铜可显著改善日粮营养物质消化率,建议以DL-蛋氨酸螯合铜为铜源时日粮加铜24mg/kg.     

The relationship between plasma leptin concentrations and the distribution of body fat in crossbred steers

The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between plasma leptin levels and fat distribution in crossbred steers. Twenty-four crossbred steers (Japanese Black × Holstein) were used in this study. Six steers belonged to the growing phase (11 months of age), and 18 steers to the finishing phase (from 21 to 28 months of age). Plasma leptin levels correlated positively with body fat weight ( r  = 0.807, P  < 0.01), body fat percentage ( r  = 0.802, P  < 0.01), visceral fat weight ( r  = 0.807, P  < 0.01), visceral fat percentage ( r  = 0.780, P  < 0.01), subcutaneous fat weight ( r  = 0.745, P  < 0.01), subcutaneous fat percentage ( r  = 0.734, P  < 0.01), intermuscular fat weight ( r  = 0.793, P  < 0.01), intermuscular fat percentage (0.775, P  < 0.01), renal fat weight ( r  = 0.694, P  < 0.01), renal fat percentage ( r  = 0.642, P  < 0.01), subcutaneous fat thickness ( r  = 0.755, P  < 0.01), intermuscular fat thickness ( r  = 0.721, P  < 0.01), beef marbling score ( r  = 0.706, P  < 0.01) and the crude fat content of Musculus longissimus thoracis ( r  = 0.592, P  < 0.01). The location of fat deposits did not affect the correlation values. However, when steers were divided into growing ( n  = 6) and finishing ( n  = 18) groups, there was no significant correlation between plasma leptin levels and the carcass characteristics related to fat deposition (fat weight, fat percentage, carcass traits) in either group. These results suggest that plasma leptin levels in crossbred steers positively correlate with body fat content and carcass traits when these parameters vary widely.     

西门塔尔牛改良当地黄牛效果试验

[目的]为了加快当地黄牛改良步伐,进一步提高黄牛生产性能.[方法]通过对西本杂交一代牛与本地黄牛育肥试验对比,[结果]显示,西杂牛各生长阶段生产性能均高于本地黄牛,育肥效果良好.[结论]试验对加快肉牛产业的发展步伐具有重要的参考价值.     

西黄杂种公牛与牦牛杂交试验研究报告

对牦牛三元杂交又一个组合(西×黄)♂×牦牛♀的研究结果表明,含1/2西门塔尔牛血缘的西黄杂种公牛从 半农半牧区引进川西北高寒牧区有良好的适应性,与牦牛自然交配,繁殖成活率达43.85％,比用"冻配"技术生产犏牛 提高20.15个百分点。繁殖的F1代犏牛杂种优势明显,初生重大,公、母分别为(21.74±2.49)kg、(20.83±3.62)kg,相 应比牦牛高8.24 kg和7.58 kg(p<0.01);生长发育快,2.5岁时,公、母体重分别为(326.75±13.61)kg、(321.29±13.35)kg, 比同龄牦牛相应重142.45 kg和165.43 kg(p<0.01),杂种优势率高达40.42％;母犏牛2~3岁可初配,比母牦牛提前1-2岁 投入生产,第一胎挤奶量(704.55±30.69)kg,为同胎次母牦牛的2.83倍(p<0.01)。建议在牦牛改良中推广(西×黄) ♂×牦牛♀和(黑×黄)♂×牦牛♀两个牦牛三元杂交组合。     

日粮中添加活性干酵母对西门塔尔育肥牛饲料消化率和日增重的影响

[目的] 研究活性干酵母（active dry yeast,ADY）对西门塔尔育肥牛饲料消化率和日增重的影响。[方法] 选择西门塔尔肉牛30头,随机分成3组,A组为对照组,B组、C组为试验组。A组牛饲喂基础日粮,B组每头牛每天基础日粮+饲喂10 g酵母菌1,C组每头牛每天饲喂基础日粮+10 g酵母菌2,分早晚2次饲喂。预饲期为5 d,正试期为28 d。利用粪便分离筛对育肥牛饲料消化率进行评估,并计算日增重。[结果] 试验第21天,C组上层粪筛滞留物比例显著（P<0.05）低于A组。试验第28天,C组中层粪筛滞留物比例低于A组和B组,并显著（P<0.05）低于试验第7天、第14天和第21天。试验第28天,C组下层粪筛滞留物比例最高,并显著（P<0.05）高于试验第7天和试验第14天。2个试验组的平均日增重均高于对照组,试验C组的平均日增重显著（P<0.05）高于A组和B组。[结论] 日粮中分别添加2种活性干酵母可提高西门塔尔育肥牛的日增重,并在一定程度上提高饲料消化率,酵母菌2的效果更好。     

Evaluation of vitamin A status on myogenic gene expression and muscle fiber characteristics

A randomized complete block design experiment with 30 yearling crossbred steers (average BW = 436.3 ± 39.8 kg) fed a steam-flaked corn-based diet was used to evaluate the effects dietary vitamin A (Rovimix A 1000; DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Sisseln, SUI) supplementation on myogenic gene expression and skeletal muscle fiber characteristics during the finishing phase. Steers were blocked by BW (n = 5 blocks; 6 steers/block), randomly assigned to pens (n = 2 steers/pen), and one of the following treatments: no added vitamin A (0 IU; 0.0 IU/kg of dietary dry matter intake of additional vitamin A), vitamin A supplemented at the estimated requirement (2,200 IU; 2,200 IU/kg of dietary dry matter (DM) of additional vitamin A), and vitamin A supplemented at 5× the estimated requirement (11,000 IU; 11,000 IU/kg of dietary DM of additional vitamin A). After all treatments underwent a 91-d vitamin A depletion period, additional vitamin A was top-dressed at feeding via a ground corn carrier. Blood, longissimus muscle, and liver biopsy samples were obtained on days 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112. Biopsy samples were used for immunohistochemical and mRNA analysis. Sera and liver samples were used to monitor circulating vitamin A and true vitamin A status of the cattle. Expression for myosin heavy chain (MHC)-I diminished and rebounded (P = 0.04) over time. The intermediate fiber type, MHC-IIA, had a similar pattern of expression (P = 0.01) to that of MHC-I. On day 84, C/EBPβ expression was also the greatest (P = 0.03). The pattern of PPARγ (P < 0.01) and PPARδ (P < 0.01) expression seemed to mimic that of MHC-I expression, increasing from days 84 to 112. Distribution of MHC-IIA demonstrated a change over time (P = 0.02). Muscle fiber cross-sectional area increased by day (P < 0.01) for each MHC with the notable increase between days 0 and 56. Total nuclei density decreased (P = 0.02) over time. Cells positive for only Myf5 increased (P < 0.01) in density early in the feeding period, then declined, indicating that satellite cells were fusing into fibers. The dual-positive (PAX7+Myf5) nuclei also peaked (P < 0.01) around day 56 then declined. These data indicated that gene expression associated with oxidative proteins may be independent of vitamin A status in yearling cattle.     

苜蓿草颗粒育肥西杂牛效果试验

在基础日粮相同的情况下,试验组采用苜蓿草颗粒,对照组采用铡碎的苜蓿干草,对12头1岁西杂公牛进行60 d育肥试验.测定分析了两组牛的体重、日增重及经济效益,以比较苜蓿的不同调制方法对育肥效果的影响,试验结果表明:头均日增重试验组0.95 kg,比对照0.72kg提高了31.84%(P＜0.01),经济效益试验组比对照组提高了54.3%(P＜0.01).因此选择苜蓿草颗粒进行西杂公牛的育肥效果较好.