Influence of storage conditions on viability of quiescent copepod eggs (Acartia tonsa Dana): effects of temperature, salinity and anoxia

Copepods have proven to be an ideal source of live food for the production of marine fish larvae in aquaculture. Therefore, there is a need to develop new methods for production and storage of copepod eggs that can be hatched and used at fish farms. In the present study quiescent eggs of Acartia tonsa were stored for periods up to 35 weeks at different temperatures, salinities and oxygen conditions in a full factorial experiment. None of these storage conditions seemed to induce diapause in eggs even though this has been reported by other authors. The most promising storage conditions were those involving low temperature (<5°C), medium salinity (10–20 ppt) and anoxia. The practical aspects of these results for aquaculture are discussed.     

DNA barcoding of fish eggs collected off northwestern Cuba and across the Florida Straits demonstrates egg transport by mesoscale eddies

Identifying spawning sites for broadcast spawning fish species is a key element of delineating critical habitat for managing and regulating marine fisheries. Genetic barcoding has enabled accurate taxonomic identification of individual fish eggs, overcoming limitations of morphological classification techniques. In this study, planktonic fish eggs were collected at 23 stations along the northwestern coast of Cuba and across the Florida Straits to United States waters. A total of 564 fish eggs were successfully identified to 89 taxa within 30 families, with the majority of taxa resolved to species. We provide new spawning information for Luvarus imperialis (Louvar), Bothus lunatus (Plate Fish), Eumegistus illustris (Brilliant Pomfret), and many economically important species. Data from most sites supported previously established patterns of eggs from neritic fish species being found on continental shelves and oceanic species spawning over deeper waters. However, some sites deviated from this pattern, with eggs from reef‐associated fish species detected in the deep waters of the Florida Straits and pelagic species detected in the shallow, continental shelf waters off the coast of northwestern Cuba. Further investigation using satellite imagery revealed the presence of a mesoscale cyclonic eddy that likely entrained neritic fish eggs and transported them into the Florida Straits. The technique of combining DNA‐based fish egg identification with remotely‐sensed hydrodynamics provides an important new tool for assessing the interplay of regional oceanography with fish spawning strategies.     

Egg trait variation in a large hawk‐cuckoo (Hierococcyx sparverioides) host population of Chinese babax (Babax lanceolatus)

Mutual interaction between brood parasites and their hosts is a well‐known model system for studying host–parasite coevolution. Both parties have acted reciprocally, resembling an evolutionary arms race, in which adaptations and counter‐adaptations have evolved as a result of host–parasite dynamics, such as the classical cuckoo–host system. Discrimination among parasite and cuckoo eggs and rejection of foreign eggs is regarded as an important anti‐parasitism strategy. The Chinese babax (Babax lanceolatus) is a large hawk‐cuckoo (Hierococcyx sparverioides) host distributed in southwest China. A previous study shows that the babax is an intermediate egg rejector, and most cuckoo eggs are accepted by the Chinese babax, although a small proportion of hosts reject cuckoo eggs. Interestingly, the large hawk‐cuckoo lays non‐mimetic eggs in contrast to the uniform blue eggs of babaxes. Because egg coloration is a critical cue used by host species in favor of the recognition of parasitic eggs by hosts, we used a spectrometer to quantify egg color variation to understand the differentiation in discrimination ability between the egg rejectors and acceptors. We found that the chroma of intra‐clutch variation of babax eggs was more consistent in egg rejectors than in acceptors. However, no statistical significance was found in inter‐clutch variation between these two types of hosts. Our results suggest that hosts lay eggs with a low level of intra‐clutch variation without the necessity of a high level of inter‐clutch variation simultaneously as predicted by the egg signature hypothesis. This study may further indicate that selection pressures from evolutionarily recent parasites can drive individual‐based differences in an anti‐parasitism strategy.     

5龄蚕立体条桑育研究

研究了5龄立体饲育架制作，条桑收获及饲养技术，明确了全年采用立体条桑育对蚕茧产质量及桑树秋末生长的关系，条桑收获及饲育是一项省工高效的养蚕技术。     

皮蛋加工辅料的作用及新工艺配方研究

研究了皮蛋加工中使用的红茶末、氯化钠、生石灰3种辅料的作用.结果表明,红茶末能提高料液中金属离子的浓度,控制蛋内碱度的变化,其作用可以被杜仲碎末替代;氯化钠没有实际作用,所以加工中可以用氯化钾代替,从而提高皮蛋的钾钠比;生石灰没有实际作用,可不用.试验得到最佳料液比是每100 mL水加入氢氧化钠5 g、氯化钾1 g、五水硫酸铜0.3 g、杜仲(碎末)9g,浸泡期为30 d,后熟期为30d,所得皮蛋与传统用红茶末加工的皮蛋无感官和味道差异,还使皮蛋产生了一定的保健功效.     

基于首轮内检测数据的成品油管道内腐蚀分析及对策

为了做好在役成品油管道内腐蚀的监测和防控,通过进一步挖掘首轮内检测数据的价值,提出了分析思路:通过差异分析水线区域内的内腐蚀绝对深度的离散情况,结合内腐蚀与焊缝、弯头等管道附件的相对位置以及管道工艺运行情况等数据信息,半定量定位内腐蚀敏感区。以某成品油管道为例,对两条管段内的腐蚀情况进行分析,发现管内的腐蚀集聚是由于管道施工建设期产生的内腐蚀逐渐发展形成的。定位了以管节为基本单元的腐蚀敏感管段,建议将管道内检测数据作为工程建设质量评估的关键数据,新建管道尽早开展以实施内检测为目标的管道清管作业,增加清管频次,尽快将管内铁锈清除干净,随后开展常规清管作业,从而有效减缓内腐蚀的发展。(图2,表4,参20)     

蚕粉复合物对小鼠若干生理指标的影响

以小鼠为试验动物 ,对以全蚕粉为主要成分的降血糖复合物 (SPC)的生理作用和药效进行了探讨。结果表明 ,该复合物可以显著降低小鼠的食后血糖 ,并能提高小鼠抗疲劳能力和耐力 ,对小鼠的生长发育、繁殖等无不良影响 ,未发现有任何毒副作用。     

黄粉虫、小麦胚芽对初产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和抗氧化机能的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加黄粉虫、小麦胚芽对初产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、蛋黄和血清抗氧化指标的影响.选用20周龄产蛋率基本一致且健康的京红蛋鸡560只,随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只鸡;采用双因子试验设计,3个黄粉虫水平(0.5％、1.0％、2.0％)×2个小麦胚芽水平(1％、2％).试验期为8周,其中预试期1周...     

黄花菜胚囊受精前后的超微结构观察

 应用透射电镜技术研究黄花菜（Hemerocallis citrine Baroni）助细胞、卵细胞、中央细胞、 合子与初生胚乳核的超微结构特征。结果如下：助细胞有高度发达的丝状器;一个助细胞在花粉管进入 后退化;宿存助细胞在合子期退化。受精前,卵细胞、助细胞合点端无壁,细胞膜完整;受精后,合子 被完整的细胞壁包围。受精前超微结构特征显示卵细胞代谢活动低,合子期的代谢活性被激活;中央细 胞、初生胚乳核代谢活性较高。卵细胞质中的精核由双层核膜包被,染色质高度凝聚,核孔数少。助细 胞、卵细胞、中央细胞缺乏中央大液泡是黄花菜成熟胚囊的显著特征。     

Meta分析法研究亚麻籽对蛋黄中多不饱和脂肪酸的影响

为研究蛋鸡日粮中添加亚麻籽对蛋黄中多不饱和脂肪酸富集的影响,根据相关标准,采用人工和系统的检索方法检索相关文章,并用荟萃分析(Meta-analysis)的方法分析计算合并标准均数差(SMD)及95%置信区间(95%CI)。通过检索与筛选,共有8篇文章21个试验被纳入,共包括1390个研究对象。Meta分析的结果显示:蛋黄中亚麻酸(ALA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、亚油酸(LA)、总n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3PUFA)、花生四烯酸(AA)、总n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6PUFA)、n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA的SMD和95%CI分别为17.51(13.34,21.69)、5.39(4.22,6.55)、0.42(-0.39,1.23)、8.86(7.59,10.14)、-1.62(-2.54,-0.70)、-0.44(-0.97,0.08)和-5.22(-6.62,-3.82);混合线性模型的结果显示:DHA和n-3PUFA的异质性来源为亚麻籽添加剂量,蛋黄中ALA、AA、LA和n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA的异质性来源为亚麻籽的添加剂量和蛋鸡产蛋周龄。由分析结果可知,蛋鸡日粮中添加亚麻籽能显著提高蛋黄中的ALA、DHA及n-3PUFA的含量并能显著降低AA和n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA的水平,且富集水平受到亚麻籽添加剂量和蛋鸡产蛋周龄的影响。