基于船舶观测的黑潮延伸体典型涡对的三维结构分析

为了理解黑潮延伸体(KE)区域活跃的中尺度过程,认识该海域中尺度涡旋的三维结构,以及中尺度涡旋在水团再分配、海-气相互作用方面起到的贡献。本文基于船舶观测和卫星遥感数据,研究了2022年6?7月之间分别分布于KE主流轴南北两侧的一个气旋式涡旋(CE)和反气旋式涡旋(AE)构成的典型涡对三维结构特征。结果表明：(1) CE存在南向跨锋运动,剪切强迫主导了该CE的运动过程;AE则相对稳定地存在;(2) CE的“冷舌”结构在海表增温和黑潮暖水扩散作用下逐渐消退;由于对CE所携带冷水的夹带作用,AE表现出“反涡旋海表面温度异常”的结构;(3) 该涡对内部温盐异常的多核结构与不同特性水团垂向再分配作用有关,AE内部流场斜压强,理查德森数小于临界值0.25的占比达50%左右,说明易引发湍流混合;CE上层垂向结构稳定,正压性强,使跨密面混合难以进行。该研究工作有助于提升对KE区域涡对特征和涡旋内部结构的认识,为进一步的涡旋动力研究提供支撑。     

新疆巩乃斯河中岛屿植物成分的组合结构

在新疆巩乃斯河中岛屿所设的3个样地54个样方中,共有62种植物,隶属于28个科,6个株生长型,3个根生长型,5个生活型,5个水分生态类型和5个饲用价值类型。其中,菊科和禾本科种类最多,各占14.5%,豆科占9.7%。株生长型结构以直立型种类最多,占50%。根生长型结构以直根型的种类最多,占56.5%。生活型结构以地下芽植物最多,占41.9%。水分生态类型结构以中生型种类最多,占59.7%。饲用价值类型结构以良等的种类为多,占22.6%。以上结论表明,巩乃斯河中岛屿植物群落具有如下特点:①生长型和生活型结构表明岛屿植物群落具有中温带草本群落植株和根系特点,也具有典型的地下芽植物气候特征。②水分生态型和饲用价值类型的统计分析说明,岛屿植物群落具有中生生境条件、饲用价值类型高的特征。     

银川市农业结构调整的自然-社会经济驱动力分析

通过对银川市多年土地资源、土壤质量、水资源、气候等自然资源的变异和社会经济数据的分析认为,银川市人均耕地面积的减少、土地质量的退化、水资源短缺与水质污染、气候环境的变化等是农村产业结构调整的自然驱动力;社会经济各项指标对种植业的影响最大,消费结构对林果业发展影响较大,牧业发展与种植业产值和肉制品、蔬菜、粮食消费金额关联较高,渔业发展相对稳定,受社会经济指标影响较小。基于此银川市农业产业结构调整要因地制宜,综合考虑农业的多重综合功能,合理安排各个产业及产业内部在时、空、量、序上的布局等。     

Soil-living parasitic Hymenoptera: comparison between a forest and an open landscape habitat

Community structures and local diversity patterns of parasitic Hymenoptera with soil and leaf litter hosts were studied in a German beech forest and a meadow. Hymenoptera appeared to be one of the most species-rich taxa associated with the soil. Eighty-eight species were found in the meadow (total density of 128 ind. m⁻² yr⁻¹) and 188 species (149 ind. m⁻² yr⁻¹) in the forest. The mean parasitism rates were above 60% for parasitoids of mycetophagous Diptera and between 7% and 26% for parasitoids of saprophagous Diptera. Species overlap between both habitats was higher than expected from a random sample model. Species common to both habitats were primarily parasitoids of predatory Coleoptera. High mean densities of these species support the hypothesis of a positive correlation between local abundance and range size.     

柴油机排放颗粒物中石墨烯结构分析

为了了解不同粒径的柴油机排放颗粒物中石墨烯结构,利用激光拉曼光谱仪和软X射线谱学显微光束线站分析了不同粒径的柴油机排放颗粒物中石墨烯结构和碳原子价态信息。结果表明,排放颗粒的D1峰(由无序石墨烯边缘和基底碳原子的A1g对称振动而产生的)与D2峰(无序石墨烯表面碳原子的E2g对称振动)的相对强度在3.34~4.01之间,石墨烯缺陷类型主要为边缘缺陷。随着排放颗粒粒径的增加,D1峰的半高宽分别增加了2.8和6.7 cm-1,化学异相性增加;D1峰与G峰(是理想石墨烯晶格E2g对称振动引起的)的相对强度分别降低了14.67%和27.17%,石墨化程度提高;D3峰(代表排放颗粒中的无定形碳,主要包括有机成分、碎片和官能团)的相对强度R3分别降低了13.73%和39.22%,无定形碳含量降低。石墨烯晶格内部C-C键长与粒径关系不大,晶格内部C-C键长约为0.142 nm;随着排放颗粒粒径的增加,石墨烯微晶尺寸分别增加了约0.412和0.821 nm,相邻石墨烯间距降低,排放颗粒活性增加;脂肪族C=C化学键、脂肪族C-H和羧基C=O化学键含量降低,"石墨烯性"C=C、酚类C-OH和酮类C=O化学键含量增加。该研究可为不同粒径柴油机排放颗粒形成机理的完善和排放颗粒净化装置的优化提供参考。     

Community structure of bacteria on different types of mineral particles in a sandy soil

Various types of mineral particles in a soil probably provide different microenvironments for microorganisms. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether different types of mineral in a soil harbor different bacterial populations. DNA was extracted from five types (quartz, feldspar, pyroxene, magnetite, iron-coated reddish brown particles) of sand-size mineral particles separated from a sandy soil, and was amplified for partial 16 S rRNA gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Twenty-nine to 69 amplicons per each type of mineral were cloned and sequenced, followed by phylogenetic affiliation of the sequences. As a result, some types of bacteria were detected on all of the types of mineral including the orders Rhizobiales, Bacillales, and Acidobacteriales. In the case of Acidobacteriales, higher percentages were found on magnetite and quartz. Some taxa were restricted to specific types of mineral; the class Actinobacteria was found on pyroxene but not on quartz, and rarely on magnetite and feldspar. Bacterial diversity at the order level estimated by Chao1 value was higher in feldspar and pyroxene than the other three types of mineral. The UniFrac Significance test indicated that the differences in bacterial communitiy structures among the particles were suggestive except that between feldspar and pyroxene. These results support the idea that different communities of bacteria were associated with each of the mineral types.     

土壤速效养分空间变异研究

选择山西省一年两作和一年一作两种种植制度下的两个自然村作为试点,通过网格方法采取土样,应用土壤养分系统研究法进行了养分分析,并应用传统统计学和半方差函数对土壤养分变异进行了研究。结果表明,不同种植制度下,土壤养分性质均存在着空间变异,受农业传统施肥措施影响较大的N、P和OM,变异相对较大;而Ca、Mg、K、Cu、Fe、Mn等养分,传统施肥投入较少,土壤变异相对较小;土壤养分性质存在半方差结构,拟合模型包括球型、线型和指数型,但同一养分拟合半方差模型不尽相同。即使模型一致,最大相关距离也不一样,而且空间变异性强弱程度也不尽相同。Ca、N、Mn显示有较强的空间相关性,K、P、S显示具有中等的空间相关性。     

Development of a joint system using a compressed wooden fastener I: evaluation of pull-out and rotation performance for a column—sill joint

Compressed wooden plates and dowels were used to connect members in post-and-beam structures as a substitute for a steel fastener. In order to take advantage of the characteristic properties of compressed wood and to achieve optimum joint performance, two compressed wooden plates were used in each joint to give multiple shear planes for each compressed wooden dowel. Consequently, this type of joint showed very good properties in pull-out and momen-trotation performance, and its engineering design could be further optimized. This joint is expected to be introduced to many kinds of structural systems, including long-span frame structures made of domestic timber found in Japanese residential houses.     

基于MPLS/BGP电子政务网L2VPN应用与实现

 各厅局通过ATM,F/R,VPDN,Ethernet等方式接入电子政务网,通过分析比较各种基于MPLS的L2VPN技术,构建基于MPLS/BGP的L2VPN,分析改进的Kompella方式的实现过程和原理,实现Kompella和Martini方式的互联互通问题。     

中间锦鸡儿fad2基因克隆与序列分析

油酸去饱和酶FAD2(fatty acid desaturase 2)在油酸中引第二个双键生成亚油酸,是负责植物体内产生多不饱和脂肪酸的第一步关键酶.本研究采用RT-PCR和RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends)技术,以中间锦鸡儿未成熟种子为材料,克隆了三个fad2基因(分别命名为fad2-2A、fad2-1A和fad2-1B).将这三个基因与汪阳东从中间锦鸡儿枝叶中克隆的fad2-2B(CaFAD2基因,GenBank登录号AY957394)一起进行了序列比对和分析.序列同源性比较结果表明,fad2-1A与fad2-1B同源性很高,fad2-1A编码的前283个氨基酸与fad2-1B的同源性高达98.9%,fad2-2B与fad2-1A的氨基酸序列同源性最低,只有64.7%.这四个基因的成功克隆,为进一步研究基因分工、调控方式打下了基础,为实现对锦鸡儿属植物脂肪酸成分直接、精确调控提供了保证,也是从一个物种中克隆四个fad2基因的第一次报道.