渔光一体养殖模式对中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺和性腺气味品质的影响

渔光一体养殖模式(photovoltaic fishery breeding mode, PM)是一种采用水下养殖、水上发电的新兴环保养殖模式。本研究比较了渔光一体养殖模式与普通池塘养殖模式(common pond breeding mode, CM)养殖中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)在基本营养成分、感官评价和气味品质等方面的差异。对雌蟹肝胰腺和性腺进行人工及电子感官评价,测定挥发性物质的含量,并对气味品质进行综合评价。结果表明,渔光一体养殖模式能提高雌蟹的性腺指数、增加粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量;PM组肝胰腺表现青草味,电子鼻的响应值最高,PM组性腺的青草味和油脂味更明显;在肝胰腺中,鉴定出44种(PM组)和33种(CM组)物质,PM组总挥发性物质的含量[(70.53±2.91) ng/g]显著高于CM组[(16.63±0.73) ng/g](P<0.05),是CM组的4.2倍,其中油脂味和青草味的物质含量更高;而在性腺中,鉴定出了31种(PM组)和47种(CM组)物质,PM组和CM组总挥发性物质含量分别为(68.80±1.86) ng/g和(71.50±4.17)...     

不同厌氧碱化处理方法对鲜麦秸感官指标及营养成分的影响

本试验旨在研究不同厌氧碱化处理对新鲜麦秸感官指标及营养成分的影响,为秸秆饲料化处理提供理论依据。试验将新鲜麦秸分别用2.5%碳酸氢钠、4%尿素以及2.5%碳酸氢钠+4%尿素(复合处理)厌氧处理,时间为10、20、30、40、55、70 d,分析不同处理对麦秸感官指标及营养成分的影响。结果表明:碳酸氢钠组有霉变现象,尿素组及复合处理组感官指标良好;尿素组、复合处理组较碳酸氢钠组极显著提高了粗蛋白(CP)含量(P0.01),复合处理组极显著高于尿素组(P0.01);尿素组和复合处理组较碳酸氢钠组显著降低了中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量(P0.05),极显著降低了半纤维素(HCEL)含量(P0.01),复合处理组的效率优于尿素组;3种处理对酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、纤维素(CEL)影响较小。综上可知,碳酸氢钠-尿素复合处理鲜麦秸可改善秸秆营养品质,提高尿素处理秸秆的效率。     

洛阳市奶牛场青贮玉米秸质量研究

选取洛阳市有代表性的大、中、小型奶牛场共9个,采用感官及实验室两种分析方法,对其青贮玉米秸进行了质量综合评定。结果表明:所测奶牛场青贮玉米饲料品质总体较好,优等料占22.2%,良等料占66.7%,差劣料比例仅为11%。洛阳市奶牛场的青贮玉米饲料的质量仍需提高。     

高档红条茶适制品种筛选研究

通过感官审评与理化成分分析,对碧香早、尖波黄13号、桃源大叶、保靖黄金茶1号、槠叶齐、福鼎大白茶等6个品种加工的高档红条茶进行品质比较分析。结果表明,保靖黄金茶1号具有明显的品质优势,审评总分最高,尖波黄13号、碧香早、槠叶齐亦表现优秀。     

‘Eating Quality’ of Fish—A Review

Abstract

The quality of fish is a very complex concept. Quality is frequently described using terms related to nutritional, microbiological, biochemical and physiochemical characteristics alone, but none of these terms serve as adequate indices of quality-sensory perception and consumer acceptability must be included. This paper discusses some of the sensory methods that can be used for fish as objective markers of quality in the chain from catch to consumer with focus on methods used for evaluation of whole raw fish and suggest methods and systems that can build a bridge between research and development, industry, marketing and consumer.     

Effects of green-keeping treatment on the functional constituents in flower tea of Eucommia ulmoides

Browning of the male flower of Eucommia ulmoides, which occurs easily and frequently after its collection from the living tree, has deterious effects on the quality of the flower tea since the functional constitutes are mostly impaired, which nowadays has become a bottleneck issue in the manufacture of Eucommia flower tea. Therefore the green-keeping procedure becomes one of the key steps in the production of the flower tea. The essence of green-keeping treatment is to protect functional constituents such as chlorophylls and phenols in the flower from degradation, in order to improve the sensory quality of the flower tea. In this study, different green-keeping treatments, including addition of salts (metal ions), ascorbic acid, citric acid, as well as steaming and quick boiling were compared to examine their effects on the functional constituents and sensory quality of the flower tea. The results showed that functional constituents were well maintained and the sensory quality was satisfactory after the flower was treated by steaming for 30-60 s, and spraying with 0.05% zinc sulfate or 0.1% citric acid. Processing procedures of making Eucommia flower tea were summarized systematically based on our previous study: the freshly picked flowers were air-dried, followed by green-keeping treatments that were selected from the current study, enzyme-deactivation, and microwave drying. This study would provide useful information for the tea industry in the aspect of maintaining the qualities of the flower tea both externally and internally.     

The smell and odorous components of dried shiitake mushroom, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lentinula edodes</Emphasis> I: relationship between sensory evaluations and amounts of odorous components

The smell of food is one of the most important factors in assessing its quality. Concerning the smell of dried shiitake mushrooms [Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler], 1,2,3,5,6-pentathiepane, commonly known as lenthionine, has been reported as a key compound. However, other compounds have not been studied sufficiently in connection with smell. From the results of sensory intensity studies and sensory evaluations of dried shiitake mushrooms, a positive significant correlation at 1% risk was observed between sensory intensity and sulfur perception. This showed that the smell of dried shiitake mushrooms was characterized by a sulfurous smell. Also, comparing the sensory intensity with the amounts of volatile components showed positive significant correlations at 1% risk between sensory intensity and three compounds: 1,2,4-trithiolane, 1,2,4,6-tetrathiepane, and lenthionine. Furthermore, significant correlations at 5% risk were obtained between the amounts of these three compounds and sensory intensity by multiple regression analysis. This showed that the smell of dried shiitake mushrooms depended on these compounds. The partial regression coefficient of 1,2,4-trithiolane was larger than those of the others, and so it was proposed that 1,2,4-trithiolane could serve as an indicator to estimate the smell of dried shiitake mushroom.     

蓝莓果茶的研制

以蓝莓果为主要原料,生产蓝莓果茶;通过预实验确定影响蓝莓果茶的质量的主要因素有：蓝莓果汁添加量、果胶添加量、白砂糖添加量、果糖添加量及柠檬酸添加量。以感官评价为指标,采用单因素试验及正交试验,确定了蓝莓果茶最佳配方为：蓝莓果汁35%、蔗糖25%、果糖5%、柠檬酸0.15%、果胶0.25%、纯净水34.6%。     

有机和常规种植方式对红花大金元生长发育及烟叶品质的影响

在大田条件下,研究了有机、常规种植方式对红花大金元生长发育及烟叶品质的影响。研究结果表明:红大有机种植,大田前期生长较慢,易感病,后期生长较快,抗病能力较强;烟叶重金属含量符合有机认证标准,安全性较高;烟叶感官品质整体较常规烟叶好,特别在减少青杂气、减小刺激性和降低烟碱含量,以及提高舒适度方面表现突出,其工业可用性较好。