7种菜用甘薯茎尖的感官评定和营养成分分析

[目的]对7种菜用甘薯茎尖进行感官评价和营养成分分析.[方法]通过对7种菜用甘薯茎尖进行感官评定,并对粗蛋白、粗脂肪、维生素C、叶绿素和矿物元素等成分进行分析,比较不同品种菜用甘薯茎尖作为菜用的特点、营养和前景.[结果]分析表明,7种甘薯茎尖外观均符合菜用要求,不同品种甘薯茎尖的食用感官综合评分差异较大,广菜薯1号和台农71号的食用感官评价最优.7种菜用甘薯叶中,叶绿素含量在0.207 ～ 2.662 mg/g;维生素C含量在190.0 ～400.0 mg/kg;粗蛋白含量范围为32.38 ～41.14g/kg;总脂肪含量差异较大,最高为“广菜薯1号”(5.2 g/kg);镁、钾、钠、锰、铜、铁等矿物元素含量绝大多数高于甘薯茎块和常见蔬菜.[结论]研究可为不同品种菜用甘薯茎尖的大面积种植和推广提供依据.     

大白莱组织结构感官品质与评定指标的关系

以17个大白菜品种为试材，探讨组织结构与感官品质及营养成份的关系。结果表 明，三者密切相关。质地受导管壁厚度及中肋细胞大小的影响。组织结构与产品贮藏营养物 质、风味和质地密切相关。可用公式Y一又门乃硼司．0316X；（短缩茎溶生腔％）朽乃0939X。 （叶肉厚mm）对感官品质迸行定量评价。     

兔肉香肠发酵剂添加方式及配比的优化研究

[目的]以木糖葡萄球菌C18(Staphylococcus xylosus)、植物乳杆菌L26(Lactobacillus plantarum)、德巴利汉逊氏酵母Y163(Debaryo-myces Hansenula)为发酵剂制作兔肉发酵香肠。[方法]采用预试验、单因素试验测定产品的pH,并结合感官分析,评价制作兔肉香肠的发酵剂及其添加方式和添加配比。[结果]在总接种量为1×107cfu/g条件下,采用同时添加的方式加工兔肉香肠,添加配比L∶C∶Y=1∶2∶1,效果最好。[结论]研究可为兔肉的开发利用提供理论依据。     

茶汤浓度对绿茶水浸出物含量及其感官审评的影响

本文对采用不同的加工方法和嫩度所加工出来的且其外形有较大差异的绿茶进行不同冲泡方法试验,测定其水浸出物的浸出速度和浸出总量,以及水浸出物含量对感官品质审评的影响。结果表明：茶水浸出物的浸出速度和总量与茶叶的加工方法、嫩度、造型及冲泡时间、冲泡温度有关。感官审评时感觉茶汤最为适宜的浓度在0．45g／ml左右。     

Rheological and chemical predictors of texture and taste in dessert banana (Musa spp.)

To be able to account for sensory qualities earlier in the assessment of a new banana hybrid in a selection scheme, predicting the sensory perception of banana texture and taste by instrumental parameters was investigated. Thirteen cultivated banana and four new triploid hybrids were characterized by sensory profiling, and rheological and chemical analyses. Multilinear regressions were used to calibrate predictions using 13 cultivated bananas, and the quality of predictions was validated using four hybrids. The sensory characteristics sourness and sweetness were predicted by titratable acidity (R² = 0.68) and pH (R² = 0.66). Malate and citrate were the main contributors to sweetness and sourness. Astringency was predicted by total tannins (R² = 0.55). Rheological parameters from texture profile analyses (stress at fracture, fracturability) were more suitable than pulp puncture force to predict the sensory texture properties firmness (R² = 0.47) and melting (R² = 0.60). These textural properties were predicted by titratable acidity and dry matter content (R² = 0.62). Predictions of mealiness, adhesiveness, and heterogeneity were not efficient. Differences of 3.6–3.7 meq 100 g⁻¹ FW in titratable acidity or of 0.30 g 100 g⁻¹ FW in malate or citrate were required to ensure a detectable difference in sourness or sweetness (p = 0.9). Pulp puncture force needed to differ by a minimum of 0.9 N before a difference in firmness could be perceived by the panelists. In conclusion, while models to predict sourness and sweetness can now be used for high throughput phenotyping, we recommend additional tests for other sensory attributes.     

Characterization of Aroma and Agronomic Traits in Afghan Native Rice Cultivars

Abstract

In this study, we collected native aromatic rice cultivars from north, east and northeast of Afghanistan, and check cultivars from Japan, Thailand and India. We characterized some important agronomic characters such as plant height, panicle number per plant, grain number per panicle, 1,000-grain weight, grain length and grain width to find the desirable characters for breeding programs. Many of them were classified into tall culm rice according to IRRI index, but had thin and slender grain, and strong aroma which are favorable characteristics in Afghanistan and surrounding regions. The aromatic character was characterized by three methods, 1.7% KOH sensory test, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring (GC-MS-SIM), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. These three methods gave similar results. Six out of 10 Afghan native rice cultivars were aromatic and four non-aromatic. Among the check cultivars, Basmati 370, Jasmine 85, Izayoi, Oitakoutou and Jakouine were aromatic and Nipponbare non-aromatic. Improvement of aromatic and high yielding rice and reduction of plant height are the important objectives for rice breeding in Afghanistan. The results showed that Pashadi Konar from Afghanistan has the intermediate plant height, heavier 1,000-grain weight (32 g), longer grain (11 mm) and favorable aroma. Therefore, this cultivar may be a good source of aromatic rice germplasm in Afghanistan. To clarify the genetic nature of aroma in rice, we crossed non-aromatic cultivar Nipponbare with aromatic cultivar Jasmine 85, and examined the aromatic character in the F₂ generation by 1.7% KOH sensory test and PCR analysis. Non-aromatic and aromatic characters were segregated at a ratio of 3:1, showing that aroma is controlled by a single recessive gene.     

电子鼻技术在复烤加料烟叶质量评价中的应用

以山东和重庆烟叶为样品,研究了电子鼻技术在打叶复烤加料烟叶质量评价中的应用。电子鼻技术评价结果表明,加料处理后SDSW01和SDSW04样品香气主成分改善明显,香气物质更加均一,SDSW05样品香气主成分改善明显,均一性改善不明显,SDSW02样品几乎没有改善。评吸结果表明,加料处理使SDSW01和SDSW04样品感官质量改善显著,SDSW05样品改善较明显,协调性没有改善,而对重庆样品SDSW02基本没有改善效果。香气评价和评吸结果基本一致,说明电子鼻技术可以在加料烟叶质量评价中得到广泛应用。     

Effect of microwave pre-treatment on physical quality,bioactive compounds,safety risk factor,and storage stability of peanut butter

Microwave, as a new heat treatment technology, has the characteristics of uniform and fast heating speed. It is an energy-saving technology known for improving oilseed product quality. Its efficiency mainly depends on the roasting power and time. However, the production of high-quality peanut butter using short-time roasting conditions are limited. Herein, we determined an appropriate microwave roasting power and time for peanuts and evaluated its impacts on the quality of peanut butter. Different roasting powers (400 ​W, 800 ​W and 1200 ​W) and times (4, 4.5, 5, and 5.5 ​min) were preliminarily tested. Among them, 800 ​W at 5 ​min was the most suitable. The roasting efficiency was further evaluated using color, sensory, bioactive compounds, storage stability, and safety risk factors of peanut butter produced from four peanut cultivars (Silihong, Baisha-1016, Yuanza-9102, and Yuhua-9414). The pre-treated butter obtained from three cultivars (Silihong, Yuanza-9102, and Yuhua-9414) with moisture content between 5% and 7.2% had a similar sensory score (6–7) as the commercial on a 9-point hedonic scale compare to the other. The color of the pre-treated peanut butter varies statistically with the commercial but remained in the recommended range of Hunter L1 values of 51–52, respectively, for high initial moisture peanut cultivars. The total polyphenol (35.20-31.59 ​± ​0.59 ​μmol GAE/g) and tocopherol (19.05 ​± ​0.35 ​mg/100 ​g) content in the butter obtained from three cultivars (Yuahua-9102, Yuhua, and Baisha-1016) and Silihong respectively, were significantly (P ​< ​0.05) higher than those in the commercial butter. The induction times of all pre-treated butter (19.80 ​± ​0.99–7.84 ​± ​0.07 ​h) were significantly (P ​< ​0.05) longer during storage at accelerated temperature than commercial samples. In addition, no benzo[a]pyrene was found in the pre-treated samples. Collectively, the microwave pretreated peanut butter was superior to the commercial one. These findings provided data support and a reference basis to promote microwave use for peanut butter production.     

Evaluation of wheat and emmer varieties for artisanal baking,pasta making,and sensory quality

Identifying varieties best suited to local food systems requires a comprehensive understanding of varietal performance from field to fork. After conducting four years of field trials to test which varieties of ancient, heritage, and modern wheat grow best on organically managed land, we screened a subset of varieties for bread, pastry, pasta, and cooked grain quality. The varieties evaluated were three lines of emmer (T. turgidum L. ssp. dicoccum Schrank ex Schübl) and eleven lines of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), including two modern soft wheat varieties, four soft heritage wheat varieties, four hard modern wheat varieties, and one hard heritage wheat variety. A diverse group of bakers, chefs, researchers, and consumers compared varieties for qualities of interest to regional markets. Participants assessed differences in sensory profiles, pasta making ability, and baking quality for sourdough, matzah crackers, yeast bread, and shortbread cookies. In addition to detecting significant differences among varieties for pasta, sourdough, and pastry quality, participants documented variation in texture and flavor for the evaluated products. By demonstrating which varieties perform best in the field, in the bakery, and on our taste buds, these results can support recommendations that strengthen the revival of local grain economies.