大豆种子寄藏真菌致病性测定方法比较

寄藏真菌可侵染大豆种子,降低种子的萌芽及活力,影响种子的品质和商品等级。为探讨不同接种方法对寄藏真菌致病性的影响,在实验室条件下比较了种子接种法和植株接种法(切顶端接种法、伤口接种法、切茎接种法和下胚轴接种法)对寄藏真菌致病性的影响。结果表明:各方法中寄藏真菌均对大豆产生致病性,并能显著区分寄藏真菌间致病性差异。其中切顶端接种法相比其他3种植物接种方法更简单有效而准确,而种子接种法更适合在室内进行,且周期短,相比植株接种法方便快捷。     

果蔬籽油生物活性研究进展

果蔬籽油是由果蔬籽经压榨或萃取工艺制得的植物油脂。果蔬籽油含有丰富的维生素、多不饱和脂肪酸、有机酸等活性成分,这些成分赋予了果蔬籽油抗氧化、抗癌、调节血脂和调节免疫系统等生物活性。本文综述了果蔬籽油生物活性的研究进展,旨在为果蔬籽油的综合开发和利用提供理论依据和指导。     

Italian ryegrass establishment by self-seeding in integrated crop-livestock systems: Effects of grazing management and crop rotation strategies

We evaluated the re-establishment of an Italian ryegrass pasture by self-seeding on a no-till integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) in the southern region of Brazil. This work is part of a long-term experimental protocol initiated in 2003. We tested the effects of various management practices, such as summer crop systems (soybean vs. maize–soybean rotation), stocking methods (continuous vs. rotational) and grazing intensities (low vs. moderate), on Italian ryegrass pasture establishment. In addition, we tested resilience of the system by testing pasture's ability to re-establish following a year without seed head production. The experiment consisted in the rotation, on the same area, of Italian ryegrass pasture grazed by sheep during the winter and up to the end of the grass production cycle, and soybean or soybean-maize grain crops rotation cultivated during the summer. The pasture established itself by self-seeding since 2005. Data were collected in 2011 and 2012 stocking season. The soybean summer crop, continuous stocking and low grazing intensity, all positively affected the production of reproductive tillers in 2011. Grazing intensity in 2011 strongly influenced early vegetative tiller densities (before crop harvest) in 2012. However, none of the grazing intensity or the stocking method treatments affected herbage mass at the end of pasture establishment in 2011 or 2012. On the other hand, the soybean summer crop positively affected pasture establishment, both in term of tiller densities and herbage mass at the end of pasture establishment. The removal of all seed heads in 2011 (preventing seed production) resulted in the total failure of pasture establishment in 2012. Overall, Italian ryegrass establishment by self-seeding relies on the annual replacement of the soil seed bank. This experiment demonstrated that under various stocking methods, moderate grazing intensity and maize or soybean summer crop, Italian ryegrass pasture establishment by self-seeding remains successful even when the stocking periods extended up to the end of the grass production cycle. Self-seeding with moderate grazing intensity ensures successful pasture establishment, reduces labour and costs and allows to increase the stocking period and so animal live weight gain over the grazing season.     

圆柏对几种农田杂草及作物的化感潜力分析

为探究圆柏（Sabina chinensis）的化感作用，本研究采用培养皿滤纸法研究圆柏叶片浸提液对地肤（Kochia scoparia）、稗草（Echinochloa crusgalli）、藜（Chenopodium album）、反枝苋（Amaranthus retroflexus）、马齿苋（Portulaca oleracea）5种杂草种子和向日葵（Helianthus annuus）、燕麦（Avena sativa）、油菜（Brassica campestris）、荞麦（Fagopyrum esculentum）4种作物萌发和生长的影响，并用圆柏叶片、树枝、树皮粉末和浸提液进行盆栽抑草效果检测。结果表明：圆柏叶片浸提液对5种杂草种子萌发和幼苗生长具有显著的抑制作用，对地肤、藜、反枝苋萌发及生长的化感效应指数均在-0.98以上；盆栽抑草结果表明，圆柏不同部位对5种杂草种子萌发和稗草及反枝苋株高生长均有较好的抑制作用，叶片化感强度大于树皮和树枝，叶片粉末拌土处理抑草效果好于浸提液叶面喷施；对作物的化感作用结果表明，圆柏叶片浸提液稀释1.5倍时，抑制荞麦种子萌发但不影响其株高及根生长，不影响燕麦种子萌发但降低其株高和根长生长，抑制油菜的发芽势和发芽指数但不影响其种子萌发率，促进油菜株高及根长生长，不影响向日葵种子萌发和生长。综上所述，圆柏具有良好的抑草活性，对作物影响较小。     

Evaluation of European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larval movement and survival in structured and seed blend refuge plantings

Blending Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn and non-Bt corn seeds in the same bag is a convenient and easier compliance solution to satisfy refuge regulations. However, there has been considerable debate and concern about larval movement of the target insects in a seed blend because of its potential effect on the development of resistance. Reported here are studies to determine the larval movement of European corn borers, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), in a seed blend compared to a structured refuge and their effects on survival, feeding injury and larval fitness. Also evaluated is the relative performance of a purple-seeded corn hybrid as a surrogate host plant for tracking gene flow. Seed blend and structured refuge arrangements of Agrisure GT/CB/LL Bt corn expressing Cry1Ab and isoline plants were evaluated at two locations in 2013 and 2014 by manually infesting refuge plants with first and second generation corn borer larvae. The majority of leaf and stalk injury was recorded on the refuge plant, which amounted to 66–83% of the total tunnel length. In both refuge arrangements, plant injury and the number of larvae recovered significantly decreased on neighboring plants with increasing distance away from the refuge plant in the same row. The relative decline in injury was much more pronounced in the seed blend, with neighbor Bt plants experiencing very minor tunneling or no injury at all due to the high dose trait. Eighty-nine percent fewer live larvae were also found on neighbor Bt plants in the seed blend compared to those found in the structured refuge plots. Larvae that moved to Bt plants as well as older instars that were manually placed on Bt plants failed to complete development. Comparison of the number of tunnels and larvae recovered per refuge plant indicated that the seed blend may not produce as many susceptible individuals as those produced in a structured refuge arrangement. Although the purple-seeded hybrid showed lower levels of ear and stalk injury, it could serve as an appropriate surrogate refuge plant to track gene flow.     

超干种子老化方法比较研究

本试验种用谷子、绿豆，经４０℃及４５℃，湿度ＲＨ＝９５％－１００％老化６天及５天。然后测各含水量的５项活力指标。经生物统计表明：谷子４０℃，４５℃二处理间差异显著，且４０℃高温老化６天时间，在不同含水量的组合上，除含水量０．８５％外，其余二因子组合均优于４５℃老化６天的不同含水量处理，且有０．０１显著差异。绿豆老化温度亦以４０℃较好，种子含水量老化结合谷子和绿豆均以５．８％处理效果最好，二种作物经     

不同动物对醉马草种子扩散的影响

动物通过皮毛携带、搬运等方式对种子在空间上的扩散产生不同影响,是植物种子实现远距离扩散的重要途径。以草原毒害草醉马草（Achnatherum inebrians）为研究材料,采用野外模拟及控制性试验,测定了马、牛、羊皮毛附着和保留种子的能力,以及鼠类、蚂蚁对种子的搬运能力,分析动物对醉马草种子的扩散规律。结果表明,马、牛、羊模型种子的附着率：羊 > 牛 > 马（P<0.05）,种子掉落率：羊 < 牛 < 马（P<0.05）;随着行走天数的延长,种子在马、牛、羊皮毛上的附着率呈下降趋势。马的背部以及牛、羊的背、侧部最易附着种子;种子的侧部最易附着在皮毛上,以种子顶部附着的种子最不易掉落。24 h内鼠类、蚂蚁对种子的扩散范围分别为0~15 cm和0~40 cm。综上所述,家畜对醉马草种子起到远距离扩散作用,且羊比马、牛更容易增加种子的扩散强度。蚂蚁、鼠类对醉马草种子起到短距离扩散作用。     

广西畜禽现代生态养殖场认证存在问题及对策

为深化生态文明建设成效,推动生态养殖业的整体发展,广西自2016年开始实施畜禽现代生态养殖场认证工作,要求2020年全区90%规模养殖场都需要与现代生态养殖标准所符合。目前广西畜禽现代生态养殖场认证工作成效显著,在较大程度上推动现代生态养殖业的整体发展。但依然有一些问题存在于畜禽现代生态养殖场认证工作中,相关部门及人员需加强重视,及时探索针对性的对策。     

多叶羽扇豆种子发芽条件的研究

在不同温度条件下,对多叶羽扇豆(Lupinus polyphyllus lindl)进行发芽试验,并利用不同药剂对多叶羽扇豆的硬实种子进行处理,得出以下结论:多叶羽扇豆发芽的最适温度在20℃左右,其发芽势计算应以前5 d发芽数为标准,其硬实种子采用浓硫酸处理2～5min发芽效果最好.     

授粉技术和单株留瓜数对鄂丝瓜1号制种效果的影响

以鄂丝瓜1号的父、母本为试材,以父本当天上午开放的雄花为花粉来源,研究了授粉时间、花粉供给量和单株留瓜数对种子产量和质量的影响。试验结果表明,母本雌花开放的当天上午和开花前1 d上午均可作为鄂丝瓜1号制种的适宜授粉时间;以1朵雄花为3朵雌花进行授粉为鄂丝瓜1号制种的首选花粉供给量;鄂丝瓜1号制种中,1株母本可以留5~6个种瓜。