日本血吸虫蛋白质组学研究

蛋白质组学是研究一种细胞、组织或完整生物体在特定时空上全部蛋白质及其存在方式的学科。近年来,应用蛋白质组学技术开展了日本血吸虫尾蚴、童虫、成虫蛋白质组,成虫性别差异和排泄分泌物蛋白质组,体被蛋白质组,与药物和诊断相关的蛋白质组等多方面的研究,增加了人们对日本血吸虫的生长发育、免疫逃避等机制的了解,为发掘血吸虫病疫苗、诊断和药物靶点提供了新的线索。     

日本血吸虫幼虫巨大致死基因片段的克隆、表达及免疫效果分析

为研究日本血吸虫(Schistosoma japonnicum)幼虫巨大致死基因(Lethal giant larvae)的生物学功能,本研究应用荧光定量RT-PCR分析SjLgL基因在S.japonnicum不同发育阶段的表达情况,构建重组表达质粒pET-SjLgL进行诱导表达,对重组蛋白进行western blot鉴定;重组蛋白刺激免疫动物进行免疫保护试验,检测IL-4、IL-10、TNF-α和IFN-γ的变化.结果表明,SjLgL基因在S.japonnicum不同发育时期均有表达,成虫期略高于童虫,雄虫高于雌虫.Western blot鉴定结果显示,该重组蛋白具有良好的抗原性.免疫保护试验结果表明,免疫小鼠分别获得了22.34％的减虫率和55.49％的肝脏减卵率.血清学检测结果显示重组蛋白免疫小鼠后产生了特异性IgG抗体.细胞因子检测结果表明,重组蛋白刺激免疫动物主要诱发产生Th1型的免疫应答.本实验结果表明该重组蛋白在小鼠体内可诱导产生部分免疫保护效果.     

曼氏血吸虫卵可溶性抗原基因克隆的研究

本文报导以曼氏血吸虫(Schistosoma mansoni)成虫mRNA为模板,通过逆转录酶促法合成cDNA。将虫源cDNA插入载体λgtll噬菌体基团组中编码β-半乳糖苷酶的LacZ基因区形成重组DNA,然后导入受体细胞E.coli KM392pmc9(lon~+)建立基因库,并从中筛选出若干株血吸虫抗原基因克隆。一株被兔抗虫卵可溶性抗原高免血清检获的基因克隆,其虫源基因片段经分子杂交证明系单拷贝基因。重组基因在溶原菌株中所表达的融合蛋白通过免疫印迹转移试验(EITB)证明与相关抗体具有很强的结合能力。DNA序列分析揭示该基因编码的多肽系由239个残基组成,其分子量理论推导值为28.7KD,化学性质呈强硷性和强亲水性。引人注意的是此多肽涟中含有一个由7个“精氨酸—甘氨酸”重复组成的结构独特片段。     

日本血吸虫尾蚴分泌蛋白水解酶的初步研究

为了解日本血吸虫尾蚴转化为童虫过程中是否分泌蛋白水解酶，进行了日本血吸虫尾蚴在DSM培液中进行机械转化和尾蚴接种于复盖DSM培液液面的人工小鼠皮上进行自然转化时酶活性测定，测定应用酪蛋白溶液。结果证实日本血吸虫尾蚴转化为童虫过程中和新转化的童虫均能分泌一种蛋白水解酶。根据报道，曼氏血吸虫的这种酶起到钻透结缔组织的蛋白水解和促使尾蚴转化为童虫时糖萼脱落两个作用，并随之而起到抵抗免疫杀伤功能。说明日本血吸虫尾蚴和童虫，与曼氏血吸虫一样有这方面的功能。     

转双抗三倍体毛白杨对舞毒蛾幼虫中肠解毒酶的影响

[目的]为转基因植物的合理利用提供理论依据。[方法]以转Bt基因和慈姑蛋白酶抑制剂基因三倍体毛白杨叶片喂4～5龄舞毒蛾幼虫,对其中肠几种重要解毒酶的活性进行了测定。[结果]幼虫中肠酯酶的比活力变化是先升高后降低,24 h后达到高峰,而在48 h后,比活力明显下降;谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的比活力是一直在升高。取食抗虫杨Pb1、Pb33和Pb47叶片48 h后的舞毒蛾幼虫中肠酯酶的比活力分别为取食CK幼虫酯酶比活力的62.9%、70.7%和74.5%;24 h后的幼虫中肠谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶的比活力分别比取食CK幼虫谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶比活力下降了25.7%、27.7%和17.9%。[结论]导致幼虫中肠解毒酶活性的改变可能是转基因叶片毒杀害虫的作用机制之一。     

Anticarcinogenic effects of curry leaves in dimethylhydrazine-treated rats

Curry leaves are one of the spices used in Indian dishes for aroma and preservation. There are no reports on the antioxidant properties of curry leaves. In this study, the antioxidant potential of curry leaves in rats treated with a known chemical carcinogen, dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride (DMH) was investigated. Food intake was reduced in the rats fed curry leaf-supplemented diet but the body and the organ weights were not affected.Vitamin A content in the liver was significantly increased whereas glutathione (GSH) content was not altered. A 50% reduction was seen in the micronuclei induced by DMH and a 30% reduction in the activity of ,-glutamyl transpeptidase when the rats were fed a curry leaf-supplemented diet. These results indicate that curry leaves have highpotential as reducer of the toxicity of DMH.     

Influence of Seminal Plasma Antioxidants and Osteopontin on Fertility of the Arabian Horse

This study was designed to investigate enzymatic antioxidants’ activity and nonenzymatic antioxidants’ levels in seminal plasma of stallions and to relate them with season, age, and fertility of stallions. Fifty ejaculates were collected from six healthy Arabian stallions, 4-22 years old. Ejaculates were evaluated by conventional methods. Five milliliters of each semen sample was centrifuged, and the supernatant seminal plasma was stored at −20°C. Five antioxidants, in addition to osteopontin (OPN) and testosterone, were determined in stallion seminal plasma by using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results revealed that uric acid, ascorbic acid, OPN, and testosterone concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in stallions’ seminal plasma were high (P < .05) during spring. GPx activity was higher (P < .05) in age group B (11-18 years old) than in age group A (4-10 years old). The effect of stallions’ age on GPx activity in the fertility groups was highly significant (P < .01). OPN concentration was highest (P < .05) in age group A. Uric acid and OPN concentrations and GPx activity in stallions’ seminal plasma and percent of sperm motility were higher (P < .05) in fertility group III (>70%) than in fertility group I (<50%). However, ascorbic acid concentration, catalase activity and percentage of sperm abnormalities were lower (P < .05) in fertility group III than in fertility group I. It was concluded that season and stallion age may affect antioxidant defense systems in stallions’ seminal plasma. The impairment of seminal antioxidants and OPN could lead to low fertility.     

Sulfhydryl oxidase enhances the effects of ascorbic acid in wheat dough

Various enzyme families such as sulfhydryl oxidase have been successfully applied to bread production although their mechanism of action has not been fully described yet. In this study, we investigated the effects of the recently characterized fungal sulfhydryl oxidase AoSOX1 in fresh and frozen dough alone and in combination with ascorbic acid. The addition of AoSOX1 to an additive-free dough resulted in a weaker and more extensible dough while opposite effects were detected in the presence of ascorbic acid. The hardening of the doughs registered upon the combined use of AoSOX1 and ascorbic acid was dependent on the amount of enzyme used and not on the amount of ascorbic acid. The ability of the sulfhydryl oxidase to enhance the effects of the ascorbic acid system suggests their combined use as a valuable tool to stabilize the structure of fresh and frozen dough.     

外源谷胱甘肽对大豆种子萌发过程中铜毒害的缓解效应

设置0、0.5、1.0、2.0和4.0 mmol.L-1铜离子浓度梯度,同时在各浓度梯度中分别添加0.16和0.32 mmol.L-1的谷胱甘肽(GSH),进行大豆种子萌发试验,通过测定萌发率、相对电导率、脯氨酸含量及α-淀粉酶活性等指标研究了GSH对大豆种子铜胁迫的缓解效应。结果表明:1.0 mmol.L-1以上浓度铜显著降低大豆种子的活力指数及幼根长,显著提高电解质渗透率及脯氨酸含量;2.0 mmol.L-1以上浓度铜离子显著降低大豆种子的发芽指数及α-淀粉酶活性;4.0 mmol.L-1铜离子显著抑制萌发率。添加0.16和0.32 mmol.L-1的GSH能显著提高1.0 mmol.L-1以上浓度铜毒害条件下α-淀粉酶活性,降低脯氨酸含量,增加幼根长,并能显著降低2.0 mmol.L-1以上浓度铜毒害下的电解质渗透率;4.0 mmol.L-1浓度铜毒害条件下,添加0.32 mmol.L-1的GSH能显著提高大豆种子的萌发率、发芽指数和活力指数。综合考虑,0.16和0.32 mmol.L-1的GSH能够通过提高α-淀粉酶活性来增强大豆种子的萌发能力,并通过维持细胞膜完整性来缓解一定浓度的铜胁迫。     

Characterization of glutathione S-transferase of the rice leaffolder moth, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Comparison of its properties of glutathione S-transferases from other lepidopteran insects

An enzyme that possesses the glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was found in the rice leaffolder moth, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity for the first time by ammonium sulfate fractionation and affinity chromatography. The resultant enzyme revealed a single band with a molecular mass of 24 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reduced conditions. When assayed with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, a universal substrate for GST, the purified GST had an optimum pH at 8.0, and was fairly stable at pH 3-10 and at temperatures below 50 °C. The enzyme was also able to conjugate glutathione to 4-hydroxynonenal, a cytotoxic lipid peroxidation product. The present GST was inhibited by fenitrothion, permethrin, and deltamethrin, suggesting that the GST could be involved in metabolizing these organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides.