Schisandrin B protects against solar irradiation-induced oxidative injury in BJ human fibroblasts

The effects of schisandrin B (Sch B) and its analogs on solar irradiation-induced oxidative injury were examined in BJ human fibroblasts. Sch B and schisandrin C (Sch C) increased cellular reduced glutathione (GSH) level and protected against solar irradiation-induced oxidative injury. The photoprotection was paralleled by decreases in the elastases-type protease activity and matrix-metalloproteinases-1 expression in solar-irradiated fibroblasts. The cytochrome P-450-mediated metabolism of Sch B or Sch C caused ROS production. The results suggest that by virtue of its pro-oxidant action and the subsequent glutathione antioxidant response, Sch B or Sch C may offer the prospect of preventing skin photo-aging.     

Biochemical and histopathological studies to assess chronic toxicity of triazophos in blood, liver and brain tissue of rats

Triazophos, O,O-diethyl-1-H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl phosphorothioate, (TZ) is an organophosphorus pesticide which is extensively used in agriculture for controlling insect pests. Except a FAO/WHO report no study has investigated its short-term toxicity with respect to its potential to cause biochemical and histopathological alterations. The present study was designed to identify the effect of TZ at different doses (1.64, 3.2 and 8.2 mg/kg) on the oxidative stress parameters in blood as well as organs involved in xenobiotic metabolism (liver and brain) following chronic exposure for 90 days. Moreover, the study also delineates the effect of TZ on the histo-architecture of these organs. The results indicated a dose dependent induction (p < 0.001) of oxidative stress, as evident by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level and compromised antioxidant defense including glutathione S transferase (GST) activity, glutathione (GSH) content and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) in blood, and increased MDA level with concomitantly decreased GSH content in tissues, following chronic exposure to TZ. The ratio of MDA: FRAP in blood was found to be increased following chronic exposure to TZ and may serve as a suitable indicator of severity of oxidative damage. Onset of such biochemical alterations is one of the early adaptive responses to TZ exposure which leads to histopathological alterations in terms of diffuse fatty changes expanding from mid-zonal area to whole lobule in liver. However, increased oxidative stress did not bring any morphological alteration in brain. The present study concludes that induction of oxidative stress, leading to subsequent histopathological alterations in liver, is an important mechanism underlying the TZ induced chronic toxicity.     

日本血吸虫体内5-HT的定量合成与降解

用反相离子对色谱和同位素示踪技术研究了日本血吸虫体内５－ＨＴ的定量、合成与降解。结果表明：日本血吸虫体内５－ＨＴ的含量为２．９２±０．２９μｇ／ｇ。雌、雄虫分别为２．５７±０．３５和３．３２±０．１９μｇ／ｇ。用３Ｈ－Ｔｒｙ培养虫体，由ＨＰＬＣ分离收集，经液闪测定，有３Ｈ－５－ＨＴＰ、３Ｈ－５－ＨＴ、３Ｈ－ＨＩＡＡ生成；分别用３Ｈ－５－ＨＴＰ和３Ｈ－５－ＨＴ培养虫体，则有３Ｈ－５－ＨＴ、３Ｈ－５－ＨＩＡＡ和３Ｈ－５－ＨＩＡＡ生成。异丙异烟肼能增加虫体内５－ＨＴ的含量和降低５－ＨＩＡＡ的水平，而对氯苯丙氨酸，反苯环丙胺，赛庚啶等对虫体５－ＨＴ含量均无影响。以上结果显示：日本血吸虫体内存在５－ＨＴ的内源性合成与降解途径，其过程相似于哺乳动物，但参与的酶却存在异同性     

乳牛的血硒水平及其与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的关系

应用2,3-二氨基萘荧光分析法测定了南京地区L牧场和C牧场乳牛的血硒水平,泌乳母牛为0.088±0.020ppm(n=31),种公牛为0.161±0.015ppm(n=6),两者之间差异极显著(P<0.001)。同时用改进的Hafeman法测定了血液中GSH-Px的活性,泌乳母牛为65.52±22.56单位(n=32),种公牛为116.73±18.65单位(n=6)两者之间差异极显著(P<0.001)。相关析分表明,全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性与血硒水平呈高度正相关(r=0.854,n=37,P<0.0005),从而证实,全血GSH-Px活性的测定结果可用于推测田间条件下乳牛体内硒的状态。另外,本文做了血硒的回收试验和重复性测定,并对其测定方法进行了讨论。     

两品种小麦叶片衰老过程中清除H2O2能力的差异

引入Ｒｈｔ３矮秆基因的宁矮１号小麦叶片,在全展初期,ＣＡＴ,ＡＰＸ和ＧＲ活力琢ＡｓＡ,ＧＳＨ含量比其亲本苏麦３号高,而在全展后期则不如苏麦３号,这与叶片的光合功能变化相对应。宁矮１号叶片中Ｈ２Ｏ２的累积早于苏麦３号,与其叶片较早地进入衰老相一致。较低浓度的外源Ｈ２Ｏ２对叶片衰老早期的ＣＡＴ,ＡＰＸ和ＧＲ活力有正调节作用、但随着衰老程度的加深,这种调节作用减弱。     

植物谷胱甘肽应答非生物胁迫的分子机制

谷胱甘肽(GSH)是一种普遍存在于植物中的抗氧化剂,在维持组织抗氧化防御和调节氧化还原敏感信号转导中起着关键作用。深入研究GSH在非生物胁迫中的作用,对从分子水平揭示植物GSH积累的调控机制具有重要意义。本研究从植物GSH代谢途径及其相关酶、GSH在植物应激反应中的调节、GSH参与植物激素代谢等方面进行综述,并对谷胱甘肽在植物生长发育、与其它信号通路间交互作用的研究前景进行展望,以期为植物谷胱甘肽代谢以及其在非生物胁迫方面的研究提供一定的理论参考。     

Effects of glutathione treatments during sperm washing and in vitro fertilization on the in vitro early development of embryos of Japanese Black cattle

This study was conducted to examine the effects of adding glutathione (1 mM) to media used for sperm washing and in vitro fertilization (IVF) on the improvement of early development of embryos produced using cryopreserved spermatozoa of the less IVF-competent bull (the one considered unqualified as spermatozoa supplier for the production of bovine blastocysts using IVF). The cryopreserved spermatozoa of this bull were characterized by normal motility and lower ATP content and blastocyst productivity than those of IVF-competent bulls. The addition of glutathione to the sperm washing medium was more effective in improving the productivity of blastocysts and ATP content than the addition of glutathione to the IVF medium or no glutathione addition at all (control). These results suggest that this simple method may be used to improve the potential of cryopreserved spermatozoa of less IVF-competent bulls to fertilize oocytes in vitro and to induce normal embryonic development after fertilization.     

Effects of folic acid on antioxidant enzyme,nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide in ovariectomized rats

AIM: To observe the effects of folic acid (FA) on antioxidant enzyme, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.METHODS: Forty three-month-old female SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham group, OVX group, diethylstilbestrol group (0.03 mg·kg^-1·d^-1), low-dose FA group (5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1) and high-dose FA group (20 mg·kg^-1·d^-1). Gastric gavage started 1 week after operation and lasted for 10 weeks. The rats in sham group and OVX group were given distilled water instead of FA as controls. At the end of the 10th week, the L₅ vertebra and right femur were removed for determination of bone mineral density (BMD). The bone homogenates were made using the L₃ and L₄ vertebrae. The levels of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), NOS and NO were detected in plasma and bone homogenates.RESULTS: Compared with sham group, the BMD levels in L₅ vertebra and right femur and the levels of GSH-Px and NO in the plasma were all decreased. The levels of TAC, GSH-Px, NOS and NO in the bone homogenates were also decreased, while the MDA concentration was increased in OVX group (all P < 0.01). Compared with OVX group, the levels of TAC, GSH-Px, NOS, NO and BMD of the L₅ vertebra and right femur were all increased, while the MDA concentration was decreased in high-dose FA group (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: In female SD rats, ovariectomy leads to a significant reduction of antioxidant enzyme, NOS and NO levels. Oxidative stress is possibly involved in the development of osteoporosis. Protection against osteoporosis by high-dose FA may be linked to improvement of antioxidant enzyme activity, the levels of NOS and NO as well as a reduction of oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats.     

土耳其斯坦裂体吸虫23kDa蛋白基因的序列分析及抗原表位预测

为研究土耳其斯坦裂体吸虫23 kDa蛋白的生物学特性,以土耳其斯坦裂体吸虫cDNA为模版,利用PCR对23 kDa基因进行扩增,并将其克隆到T-easy载体后进行序列测定。利用生物信息学对其结构、抗原指数进行分析,并对其抗原表位进行预测。序列分析结果表明,该虫体的23 kDa基因长度为657 bp,A+T含量为57.38%,与曼氏血吸虫、埃及血吸虫和日本血吸虫的23 kDa基因的相似性分别为85.24%、83.71%和81.89%。蛋白二级结构分析表明,23 kDa蛋白经过4次跨膜,主要由6个α-螺旋、3个β-折叠、7个β转角和若干个无规则卷曲构成。抗原表位预测结果表明,该蛋白有3个B细胞抗原表位。综合分析土耳其斯坦裂体吸虫23 kDa蛋白是一种较好的抗原分子,是土耳其斯坦裂体吸虫疫苗的重要候选分子。