胡椒叶片营养诊断采样方法的研究

以印尼南榜为材料，进行胡椒叶片营养诊断采样方法研究。结果表明：当叶片所带花穗出现绿色小果占其长度１／３－１／２时，该叶片完全稳定（叶片从出鞘到完全稳定需要３０￣３５ｄ），从叶序算，它是倒数第２片时，此时倒数第１片嫩叶长３．０￣４．５ｃｍ、宽２．０￣２．５ｃｍ。以位于植株中部、阳面、短枝上的带花穗完全稳定叶为最佳采样叶；一年中以３￣４月和９￣１０月为采样时间。一天中除１２：００－１４：００时外，其它     

Antioxidant Enzymes in Barley Green Biomass

Green biomass of young barley plants exhibited statistically significant higher activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) at sampling I (in the phase of plant development DC 29) compared to the later sampling II (DC 31). Significant effects of varieties, years and interactions of the studied factors on the activity of the studied antioxidants were determined. During the experiment period (2005–2007), the variety Sebastian provided statistically significant higher average SOD activity (486 U.g-1) versus the variety Malz (416 U.g-1 dry matter) and line KM1910 (418 U.g-1 dry matter). No statistically significant difference was recorded between the latter two varieties. Average catalase activity of the varieties did not show any significant difference. Significantly higher CAT activity in the sampling I was recorded on average of years and locations in the variety Sebastian and hull-less line KM1910 (935 and 907 U.g-1) compared to the variety Malz (675 U.g-1). We can state that green biomass of young spring barley plants taken during the growth phase DC 29 was a significant source of enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase in the course of the experiment (2005–2007).     

Automatic blood sampling in dairy cows

Loose housing systems for dairy cows are becoming increasingly common, raising new questions in the area of animal health and welfare. Some of these questions can be addressed by studying the variation in blood parameters, such as glucocortistioids. However, the traditional manual blood sampling procedure can in itself affect the responses of the animal. To address this issue we have developed a device for automated collection of multiple blood samples. The device is placed on the back of the animal and allows the animal to be kept in all types of environments, either alone or in social groups. The animal can move freely: no restraints and no handling of the animal are necessary during blood sampling.Three experiments were conducted to study the performance of the system and how the blood sampling procedure affected the cortisol responses in dairy cows. In the first experiment the accuracy of sample size and timing were investigated.In the second experiment, automatic samples were collected from six cows kept in tie-stalls, with samples taken at 3-min intervals for 38 min. At 12, 24, 36 and 38 min, a manual sample was taken by vein puncture. None of the cows showed a consistently increased cortisol response to automatic sampling, while two cows showed increased cortisol concentration after vein puncture.In the third experiment automatic blood sampling was conducted with 12 cows kept in a loose housing system. In the morning, over a period of 1.5 h, 14 blood samples were taken at varying time intervals from each cow. In the afternoon, over a period of 2.5 h, a further 14 samples were taken. Cortisol concentrations in the blood samples suggest that the cows were not affected by the blood sampling procedure.On some occasions during these experiments, it was not possible to get a sample. For the manual vein puncture 3 out of 24 samples (12.5%) were not successfully taken within a time limit of 2 min. During the automatic blood sampling process, the catheter occasionally became twisted and blocked by the movement of the cow's head. This occurred in 8 out of 84 samples (9.5%). In four of the manual samples, considerable hemolysis had occurred during the sampling procedure. No hemolysis was observed in the automatic blood samples.Automated blood sampling offers the opportunity to collect a series of samples without disturbing the animal. Data suggest that automatic blood sampling is a superior alternative to manual blood sampling, even in a tie barn.     

正视技术性贸易壁垒

随着贸易自由化,全球一体化的不断加深,在国际贸易领域,数量限制和高关税已经成为历史。WTO各成员国原则上已不能通过限制数量和高关税为国内产品提供保护。贸易壁垒也体现了消费者对产品安全和质量有了更高的要求,对环保的重视程度也越来越高。     

农业标准化与农产品质量安全

农产品质量安全已成为新世纪我国农业发展面临的主要问题之一。笔者介绍了农产品质量安全与农业标准化的关系,列举了我国农产品质量安全存在的主要问题,提出了提高农产品质量安全的对策。     

浅谈如何推行档案工作规范化标准化管理

以文件生命周期理论为线索对文档一体化和文件中心进行了分析;指出了在我国进行文档一体化改革和建立文件中心具有必要性和可行性。     

张掖市优势农产品实施农业标准化模式与思考

通过调查总结了张掖市实施农业标准化的模式：以龙头企业为核心组织实施农业标准化、科技示范园带动农业标准化实施、行业协会自律实现农业标准化及政府主导并最终通过行业协会实施农业标准化。对欠发达地区实施农业标准化提出几点思考：正确选择项目和龙头企业是欠发达地区实施农业标准化最有效的方法;行业协会模式必须有经济利益驱动;农业标准化需要政府强有力的支持,但必须借助市场利益来驱动;农业标准化实施需要健全各级农技推广部门。     

数字农业信息标准研究

农业信息标准化是数字农业建设的重要基础内容。对农业信息标准化的涵义和中国农业信息管理和使用的现状进行了分析,对开展数字农业信息标准工作应遵循的原则和目标进行了探讨,并提出了当前的工作重点。在此基础上介绍了作物生产信息表达标准研究进展：围绕作物生产需要,通过提取土壤、农业气象、作物生育规律和生产管理的术语体系和基础数据元目录,用专业名词术语和标准数据元来描述和量化作物生产研究对象与管理行为,提出了规范化的信息获取方法,建立了标准化的信息表达方法和存储交换格式,明确了数据的值域和应用范围,从而实现了农业信息在在语义上、标准上和内容上的统一。     

住宅建筑构配件的开发利用

本文论述了住宅建筑构配件开发利用的重要性,并对如何在适应我国国情的前提下,开发利用住宅建筑构配件提出了几点建议。