蛋鸡养殖市场效益分析与提高效益的关键技术

2008年下半年的金融危机导致饲料原料价格全面下滑,伴随大的经济走势来看,2009年原料价格波动将缓解,大起大落的复杂局面难免再发生,这增加了饲料企业经营的负担。饲料价格的相对稳定为蛋鸡养殖的可预见性创造了条件,研究证明,规模出效益,本文拟积极引导蛋鸡养殖业,推动产业升级,使蛋鸡养殖向规模化、标准化方向发展。     

黄刺蛾幼虫在核桃幼园的空间分布型及抽样技术

[目的]研究黄刺蛾幼虫在核桃幼园的空间分布型与抽样技术,为其测报和防治提供理论依据。[方法]采用聚集指标法,Iwao回归分析法和Taylor指数法评判黄刺蛾幼虫的空间分布型,根据Iwao-Kuno理论抽样数学模型确定其理论抽样公式。[结果]测定的聚集指标值C>1,I>0,K>0,m*/x>1,CA>0;Iwaom*-m回归中α=5.845 6>0,β=1.996 6>1;Taylor指数lga=0.741 6>0,b=1.474 0>1。聚集均数λ>2。[结论]黄刺蛾幼虫在核桃幼园的空间分布型为聚集分布,聚集度随密度增大而增强。聚集原因由昆虫本身习性和环境共同引起的。其最适理论抽样公式为n=t2/D2(6.845 6/x+0.996 6)。     

“三品一标”背景下农业标准化生产分析

"三品一标"是当代农产品的重要健康标识,大力推广"三品一标"有助于我国农业产品的健康发展,也有助于我国农业向着标准化、完善化、有机化、信息化、持久化方向发展。就以"三品一标"对我国农业发展的规范性作用文论点,着重论述了"三品一标"对我国农业生产标准化生产的推进作用。     

浅谈加入WTO后的企业标准化信息情报工作

作者就我国加入WTO后企业标准化工作如何开展进行了讨论，阐述了为适应加入WTO后企业生存发展的需要，企业标准化信息情报方面应重点开展的几项工作。尤其在标准起草和引用方面，标准化工作者观念要更新，使企业标准化工作真正成为企业文化的一个重要组成部分。对目前及今后的企业标准化工作有一定的指导意义。     

Application of the Tweedie distribution to zero-catch data in CPUE analysis

We focus on the zero-catch problem of CPUE (catch per unit effort) standardization. Because the traditional CPUE model with a log-normal error structure cannot be applied in this case, three methods have often been utilized as follows:

(1) Ad hoc method adds a small constant value to all response variables.

(2) Catch model with a Poisson or negative-binomial (NB) error structure.

(3) Delta-type two-step method such as the delta-normal model (after estimating the ratio of zero-catch using a logit or probit model, a model such as CPUE log-normal or Catch-Poisson is applied to CPUE without zero-data).

However, there are some statistical problems with each of these methods.In this paper, we carried out the CPUE standardization mainly using the Tweedie distribution model based on the actual by-catch data (silky shark, Carcharhimus falciformis, in the North Pacific Ocean caught by Japanese training vessels) including many observations with zero-catch (>2/3rd) and tuna fishery data as a target (yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, in the Indian Ocean caught by Japanese commercial vessels) where the ratio of zero-catch is not so high (<1/3rd). The Tweedie model is an extension of compound Poisson model derived from the stochastic process where the weight of the counted objects (i.e., number of fish) has a gamma distribution and has an advantage of handling the zero-catch data in a unified way.We also compared four candidate models, the Catch-NB model, ad hoc method, Delta-lognormal model (delta-type two-step method) and Tweedie distribution, through CPUE analyses of actual fishery data in terms of the statistical performance. Square error and Pearson's correlation coefficient were calculated based on the observed CPUE and the corresponding predicted CPUE using the n-fold cross-validation.As a result, the differences in the trend of CPUE between years and model performance between the ad hoc method and Tweedie model were found to be not so large in the example of yellowfin tuna (target species). However, the statistical performance of Tweedie distribution is rather better than Delta-lognormal model, the Catch-NB distribution and ad hoc method in the example of silky shark (by-catch species). Standardized CPUE year trend of ad hoc method was found to be quite different from that of the Tweedie distribution and other two models. Model performance of the Tweedie distribution is good judging from the 5-fold cross-validation using the fishery data if including many zero-catch data such as by-catch species.     

Nova Scotia's bloodworm harvest: Assessment, regulation, and governance

The Nova Scotia commercial blood worm harvest was first regulated in 2002; by 2008 regulations included limited entry, seasons, area closures, minimum legal size, and reporting of daily sales and fishing location. To aid in setting minimum legal size, size of maturity was measured in the two main harvest areas. Biologist-directed and harvester-directed methods for surveying worm densities and sizes on intertidal mud flats were found to be robust. With 16 samples tests of two survey means would detect differences of 0.5 standard deviations (type I error of 0.1). With 16 samples two means separated by 1.3 standard deviations would not be declared the same when they were actually different (type II error of 0.25). Depth of digging affected survey results; the time of air exposure of the mud, the temperature of the mud surface, and the choice of harvester-samplers did not. Mud flats should be managed individually because interchange of worms between flats is probably small. Decision rules of 0.6 and 0.8 legal sized worms/m² have been set for closing a beach and opening a closed beach, respectively. Progress in fishery governance was achieved using the above results and by involving harvesters and a citizens group in decision making.     

玉米自交系RAPD分析中的样品选择

近年来分子标记技术在我国农业科研中的应用已受到了广泛的重视。分子标记样品的代表性如何将对研究结果产生影响，因此，研究分子标记的取样问题具有一定的现实意义。本文对以玉米自交系为样品，进行分子标记分析时的取样技术进行了探讨。在对玉米自交系中黄204基因组DNA进行RAPD分析时，同一引物8个单株及其混合样品的扩增结果中，单株6在564bp处比其它单株多一条较强的谱带，而8个单株的混合样品的扩增结果中也有一条同样的谱带。而丹340、旅9、5003等其它自交系的10个单株及其混合样品的RAPD谱带是一致的。说明中黄204单株6的遗传背景与其它单株不同，不能代表中黄204，如用它们的混合样品进行RAPD分析，就会得出错误的结果。可以看出，分子标记分析中的取样技术是检测结果可靠性不可忽视的重要因素之一。     

加强标准化在现代农业中的作用

现代农业具有社会化、集约化、机械化等特征,且广泛地应用了现代科学技术,注重生态系统的保护和可持续发展.现代农业的上述特征推动了标准化大生产的产生,提出了实施现代农业标准化建设的有效途径,以及现阶段我国农业标准化建设内容.     

我国兽医生物制品标准体系建设工作研究与思考

分析了国家标准的概念、我国兽医生物制品标准体系的构成,介绍了我国兽医生物制品标准体系的历史和现状,指出了现阶段我国兽医生物制品标准化工作中存在问题及其原因,提出了统一认识、按照全新思路开展《兽药典》制定、加强对企业标准的备案审查、做好疫苗效果评价用强毒株的筛选、完善相关法律法规并做好与标准体系的衔接5项建议。     

推广玉米收获机械化需要注意的关键问题

玉米收获机械化一直是制约黑山县玉米全程机械化的瓶颈,但推广玉米收获机械化需要具备一定的条件。推广玉米收获机械化需要注意的关键问题是需要适度规模经营和规范播种,并与当地实际相结合。同时,玉米收获机产品应采用标准化．提升产品质量和服务质量,为大面积推广玉米收获机提供条件。