进口动物性饲料中沙门氏菌的分离鉴定

通过常规分离培养鉴定技术，对上海口岸2001年1－6月份进口的动物性饲料498份进行了沙门氏菌的分离鉴定。结果共分离到沙门氏菌23株，分离率为4．62％（23／498）。其中，鱼粉164份，阳性6份，阳性率3．66％（6／164）；肉骨粉86份，阳性12份，阳性率为13．95％（12／86）；明虾壳27份，阳性5份，阳性率18．52％（5／27）；乳清粉和饲料添加剂类221份，阳性0份，阳性率0％。最终对21株沙门氏菌进行定型。     

Determination of the oxidative burst chemiluminescent response of avian and murine-derived macrophages versus corresponding cell lines in relation to stimulation with Salmonella serotypes.

In contrast to mammalian systems, avian species lack a resident or harvestable macrophage population in the abdominal exudate. Peritoneal macrophages in the chicken can be elicited if an inflammatory agent such as sephadex is injected. This study examines the kinetics of different macrophage populations, derived by different methods of isolation and from different hosts, with respect to the elicited oxidative burst upon infection with host-adapted Salmonella serotypes.

The nature of the oxidative burst elicited by murine and avian-derived and cell line macrophages was determined after stimulation with phorbol myristate (PMA), zymosan A, and Salmonella serotypes. Both murine and chicken peritoneal macrophages, chicken blood monocytes and corresponding cell lines, J774A.1 and HD-11, were unable to produce a detectable chemiluminescent (CL) response after interaction with Salmonella using the luminescent probe luminol. However, both PMA and zymosan A induced a CL response in all cell types, with PMA eliciting a higher and earlier peak response (pkH) than zymosan A. Lucigenin-enhanced CL in both murine and chicken macrophages was achieved with PMA, zymosan A and Salmonella serotypes. In this case, zymosan A induced higher responses than PMA. In the peritoneal macrophages of both hosts, there were no significant differences in the oxidative burst induced by the different Salmonella serotypes. However, the J774A.1 (murine) cells demonstrated significant differences, with S. enterica serotype Choleraesuis (S. choleraesuis and S. gallinarum producing the highest response. In the HD-11 (chicken) cells, S. choleraesuis and S. dublin elicited the higher CL. With both cell lines, S. abortusovis failed to induce an appreciable CL response.

In these experiments it was demonstrated that oxidative burst was not detectable in monocytes/macrophage populations using luminol, which suggests a link to the lack of a myeloperoxidase system in these cells. Lucigenin-enhanced CL appeared independent from the myeloperoxidase system, indicating production of another oxidative species compared with luminol. No discernable effect of host specificity with regard to Salmonella serotype and respective host was seen in host-derived or cell line macrophages, and cell line macrophages displayed altered functional characteristics with regard to oxidative burst in comparison with their primary counterparts.     

应用竞争排斥法防制禽沙门氏菌感染

本文介绍了竞争排斥的概念,并概述了其在控制禽沙门氏菌感染中的效果、作用机理和实际应用等方面的研究进展,并讨论了这一方法的主要优点及其在家禽生产及人医上的潜在应用前景。     

山西部分城市农贸市场猪肉沙门氏菌带染情况及菌型分布

为了摸清我省农贸市场鲜猪肉沙门氏菌带染情况和菌型分布,为加强农贸市场兽医卫生监督和管理提供科学依据,我们于89-90年,从我省19个农贸市场采样,进行调查,结果表明我省衣贸市场猪肉沙门氏菌带染检出率较高,检出的沙门氏菌分别属于四个血清群的九个菌型。     

畜产品中沙门氏菌的快速检测

以热裂解法快速提取DNA模板,应用PCR技术检测沙门氏菌,22种沙门氏菌的基因均获得特异性扩增(496bp),5种非沙门氏菌检测结果为阴性。试验结果表明,PCR是一种快速、敏感和高度特异性的沙门氏菌检测方法,值得在畜产品沙门氏菌的检测中推广应用。     

禽肠炎沙门菌外膜蛋白OMPX基因的克隆及其在乳酸乳球菌中的表达

以禽肠炎沙门菌基因组DNA为模板,采用PCR技术扩增得到外膜蛋白OMPX基因片段,并将其克隆到乳酸乳球菌表达载体pMG36e中,构建重组质粒pMG36e-OMPX。将重组质粒电转入乳酸乳球菌MG1614,得到重组基因工程乳酸乳球菌,在GM17培养基中培养12h后,经SDS-PAGE分析显示表达的蛋白约为16 000,与预期相符,经Western-blot检测表明,表达的蛋白具有良好的反应特异性。     

Evaluation of Pet‐Related Management Factors and the Risk of Salmonella spp. Carriage in Pet Dogs from Volunteer Households in Ontario (2005–2006)

The purpose of this study was to determine pet‐related management factors that may be associated with the presence of Salmonella spp. in feces of pet dogs from volunteer households. From October 2005 until May 2006, 138 dogs from 84 households in Ontario were recruited to participate in a cross‐sectional study. Five consecutive daily fecal samples were collected from each dog and enrichment culture for Salmonella spp. was performed. A higher than expected number of the dogs (23.2%; 32/138) had at least one fecal sample positive for Salmonella, and 25% (21/84) of the households had at least one dog shedding Salmonella. Twelve serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica were identified, with the predominant serotypes being Typhimurium (33.3%; 13/39), Kentucky (15.4%; 6/39), Brandenburg (15.4%; 6/39) and Heidelberg (12.8%; 5/39). Univariable logistic regression models were created with a random effect for household to account for clustering. Statistically significant risk factors for a dog testing positive included having contact with livestock, receiving a probiotic in the previous 30 days, feeding a commercial or homemade raw food diet, feeding raw meat and eggs, feeding a homemade cooked diet, and having more than one dog in the household. In two‐variable models that controlled for feeding raw food, the non‐dietary variables were no longer statistically significant. These results highlight the potential public health risk of including raw animal products in canine diets.     

The Influence of the Housing System on Salmonella Infections in Laying Hens: A Review

From 2012 onwards, housing of laying hens in conventional battery cages will be forbidden in the European Union and only enriched cages and non‐cage housing systems such as aviaries, floor‐raised, free‐range and organic systems will be allowed. Although this ban aims at improving the welfare of laying hens, it has also initiated the question whether there are any adverse consequences of this decision, especially with respect to the spread and/or persistence of zoonotic agents in a flock. A zoonotic agent that is traditionally associated with the consumption of eggs and egg products is Salmonella enteritidis. This paper provides a summary of the current knowledge regarding the direct and indirect effects of different housing systems on the occurrence and epidemiology of Salmonella in laying hen flocks.     

贵州省猪源沙门氏菌Ⅰ类整合子与耐药基因盒研究

为了调查规模养殖场沙门氏菌中Ⅰ类整合子的流行情况,采用聚合酶链式反应检测了从贵州省规模养猪场分离的57株沙门氏菌中Ⅰ类整合子的携带率以及整合子中耐药基因盒的种类;采用微量肉汤稀释法测定了57株沙门氏菌对12种抗菌药物的敏感性;并应用χ2检验检测Ⅰ类整合子阳性菌株与阴性菌株耐药性的相关性。结果显示,57株沙门氏菌中Ⅰ类整合子检出率为40.4%(23/57);耐药基因盒检出率为31.6%(18/57);整合子中携带可分别介导对氨基糖苷类和磺胺类药物耐药的aad A2、aad A5、aad A22、aad A23b、dfr A1、dfr A12和dfr A17基因;57株沙门氏菌对12种抗菌药物的耐药率不同,Ⅰ类整合子与多重耐药之间有明显的相关性。     

减毒沙门氏菌为载体传递DNA疫苗诱导对新城疫病毒的免疫保护

探讨了以减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏茵为栽体传递新城疫病毒DNA疫苗的安全性、免疫原性和可行性。将含新城疫病毒(NDV)F48E9株融合蛋白(F)基因的真核表达质粒pcDNA3-F的重组减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌ZJ111株(ZJ111／pcD-NA3一F菌株)，以10^8CFU进行首免，2周后二免，三免后4周攻击强毒株F48E9，观察其安全性和免疫原性，同时设只含空载体pcDNA3的ZJ111／pcDNA3菌株对照及口服PBS对照。结果表明：重组ZJ111／pcDNA3-F菌株具有良好的安全性。对强毒株攻击的保护率达64．7％。重组ZJ111／pcDNA3-F菌株不仅能诱导雏鸡产生NDVELISA抗体，而且诱导产生的法氏囊B淋巴细胞和胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖反应显著高于ZJ111／pcDNA3时照组。这些结果提示，减毒沙门氏菌为载体不仅可直接将NDVF基因呈递给鸡体细胞进行表达，产生抗NDV的体液免疫，而且还可诱导细胞免疫应答。