草鱼出血病细胞培养灭活疫苗的研究——疫苗株的免疫原性及其有效免疫剂量的比较

本文比较了疫苗株FR—854和FR—836—w的免疫原性,及其对三寸左右草鱼种的有效免疫剂量。疫苗株FR—854和FR—836—w均有较强的免疫原性,其保护力可达70%以上。但试验结果初步证明,FR—854疫苗比FR—836—w疫苗免疫原性更强。经统计分析,FR—854疫苗的免疫保护力可达88.9±12.0（6）%,血清中和抗体效价为160.5±58.9（6）;而FR-838-W疫苗分别只有71.3±14.2（6）%、88.3±26.2（6）;二者有显著的差异（0.05>P>0.01）。注射免疫三寸左右的草鱼种,FR—854的免疫剂量在3—5×10^4.5TCID0/尾左右,FR—836—w在3—5×107.5TCID₅₀/尾左右,其免疫保护力可达80%左右,同时我们测得ER—854的半数免疫量为10^5.1TCID₅₀/ml。     

三江源区高寒草地牧草产量主要影响因子分析

利用高寒草地多年牧草产量和主要气象因子,运用主成分法分析了影响牧草产量的影响因子,并用逐步回归分析法建立了牧草产量回归统计模型,结果表明,影响牧草产量的因子顺序为:7月份温度x4＞4月降水x8＞8月日照x19＞6月日照x17＞生长期总降水量x13＞7月降水x11.结合通径分析方法对影响因子进行分析,对牧草产量的直接作用...     

氮肥及黄腐酸对盐渍土有机碳和团聚体特征的调控作用

为了探明不同氮肥水平下黄腐酸对盐碱障碍土壤的改良及培肥效应,本研究以滨海滩涂新垦轻中度盐碱障碍土壤为研究对象开展田间试验,采用水稻-小麦轮作种植模式,通过测定土壤电导率、pH、有机碳和土壤团聚体含量及其稳定性,研究黄腐酸与不同氮肥水平对土壤盐分消减调控和土壤地力提升效应。结果表明:黄腐酸能有效降低耕层土壤盐分,在氮水平300 kg/hm~2条件下黄腐酸处理对耕层0～20 cm土壤电导率与p H降低效果最好;黄腐酸可以有效改善土壤结构及稳定性,小麦季与水稻季,在氮水平300kg/hm~2条件下黄腐酸处理土壤2mm水稳性大团聚体含量相较于不施肥对照分别增加18.6%和13.8%,土壤团聚体平均重量直径与当地常规施肥相比增加38%;围垦初期,氮水平处理相较于黄腐酸处理对耕层土壤有机碳含量的影响更大,氮水平300kg/hm~2处理相较于低氮(225kg/hm~2)与高氮(325kg/hm~2)处理,两季土壤总有机碳积累量分别增加31.0%和120.0%。综合考虑土壤改良效应,黄腐酸处理土壤表层盐分降低、水稳性大团聚体含量增加且稳定性增强、有机碳含量提升,因此黄腐酸结合适宜用量氮肥是一条轻中度盐碱障碍土壤的优化施肥措施。     

Effects of Competition upon the Productivity of White Clover-Perennial Ryegrass Mixtures. Analysis of and Interrelations between Characters

A diallel crossing programme amongst tour contrasting white clover varieties was used to generate material for studying the interrelationships amongst those characters which affect the productivity of white clover- perennial ryegrass mixtures under a cutting-only management regime. Such a regime favoured clover growth. All the clover characters exhibited strong positive correlations with mixture yield. However, this combination of clover characters did not promote growth of the grass companion. For this a low growing variety with a dense stolon network appeared preferable. Path analysis indicated that differences existed between the two companion grass varieties used for this experiment in their upon clover characters.     

A vernalization protocol for obtaining progenies from regenerated and transgenic tall fescue plants

Tall fescue is an important outcrossing forage and turf grass species that requires vernalization to flower. A reproducible protocol was developed for vernalization of regenerated, transgenic and seed‐derived tall fescue plants. Following the vernalization scheme that involved gradual changes of temperature and daylength, seeds were routinely produced from vernalized plants under greenhouse conditions. Molecular analyses of progenies obtained from crosses between transgenic and seed‐derived plants revealed stable meiotic transmission of transgenes following Mendelian inheritance in transgenic tall fescue.     

Use of organic amendment as a strategy for saline soil remediation: Influence on the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil

The effectiveness of adding two organic wastes (cotton gin crushed compost, CGCC, and poultry manure, PM) to a saline soil (Salorthidic Fluvaquent) in dryland conditions near Seville (Guadalquivir Valley, Andalusia, Spain) was studied during a period of 5 years. Organic wastes were applied at rates of 5 and 10 t organic matter ha⁻¹. One year after the assay began, spontaneous vegetation had appeared in the treated plots, particularly in that receiving a high PM dose. After 5 years the plant cover in this treated plot was around 80% (compared with the 8% of the control soil). The effect on the soils physical and chemical properties, soil microbial biomass, and six soil enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, urease, protease, β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase, and phosphatase activities) were ascertained. Both added organic wastes had a positive effect on the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, although at the end of the experimental period, the soil physical properties, such as bulk density, increased more significantly in the CGCC-amended soils (23%) and the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) decreased more significantly in the CGCC-amended soils (50%) compared to the unamended soil. Water soluble carbohydrates and soil biochemical properties were higher in the PM-amended soils compared to the CGCC-amended soils (by 70% for water soluble carbohydrates, and by 34, 18, 37, 39, 40 and 30% for urease, protease, β-glucosidase, phosphatase, arylsulfatase and dehydrogenase activities, respectively). After 5 years, the percentage of plant cover was >50% in all treated plots and 8% in the control soil.     

坡面薄层水流分离土壤的动力学机理

为探讨土壤分离过程的水动力机理及植被根系对土壤分离的抑制作用,采用变坡实验水槽,系统研究坡度、流量及根系对土壤分离速率的定量影响。结果表明,土壤分离速率是坡度、流量及根系密度的函数;植被根系能显著降低土壤分离速率,草地土壤分离速率均值仅为休闲对照地的30.6%;随根系密度增加,土壤分离速率呈指数关系下降;0～4 kg/m^3为根系减少土壤分离的有效密度区间,在此范围内,根系密度的增加能引起土壤分离速率的急剧降低,超过4 kg/m^3,随根系密度增加,土壤分离速率的降幅并不明显。     

Loss of faster-cycling soil carbon pools following grass invasion across multiple forest sites

It is established that invasive plant species can alter soil carbon cycling, although data are rare for late successional ecosystems. We examined effects of a grass invader (Microstegium vimineum) on soil carbon across eight sites in southeastern U.S. forests to establish which factors are related to these effects, by coupling isotopic and soil carbon fractionation approaches. Invasion was associated with declines in mass of faster-cycling, particulate organic matter (POM) carbon pools. This led to a significant decline (11% on average) in native-derived carbon in the surface 10 cm of the soil profile. Formation of soil carbon from the invader-derived inputs partially mitigated these losses (total carbon loss 6% on average). Our data suggest that Microstegium invasion of forest understories may accelerate carbon cycling and could result in a net loss of soil carbon from eastern U.S. forests.     

关于和顺县种草养牛战略的思考与建议

作者提出了和顺县种草养牛的关键战略措施——种植青贮玉米,阐述了和顺县种植青贮玉米的现状,分析指出存在的问题,提出了实施种植青贮玉米的建议。     

平衡施肥对多年生禾本科牧草产量的影响

在青海同德地区选取5龄同德老芒麦（Elymus sibiricus cv.Tongde）和5龄青海冷地早熟禾（Poa crymophilacv.Qinghai）人工草地连续两年进行了老龄人工草地平衡施肥试验。试验根据国际植物营养研究所（IPNI）中国项目部提供的测土施肥最佳配方（OPT）设6个施肥处理,另设一个不施肥对照,测量两种牧草品种的草产量及种子产量。结果施氮肥的经济效益高于施磷肥的效益,同德老芒麦的施肥效益高于冷地早熟禾的施肥效益,两种牧草平均草产量和种子产量以OPT-P施肥处理时为最高,分别为8946.2kg/hm2和368.1kg/hm2.氮磷肥互作产生负效应。施钾无显著增产作用。