Can Flush and Lock Solutions Used in Human Medicine Be Applied to Large Animal IV Therapy: A Systematic Review

A recent shortage of prepackaged heparinized saline (HS) syringes has led to the question of whether or not normal saline (NS) can be used to both flush and lock IV catheters in large animal medicine (LAM). Moreover, several known medication incompatibilities exist with IV heparin administration. This is of particular concern in veterinary medicine where limited to no compatibility data exists between “veterinary only” (non-Food and Drug Administration approved) medications and heparin. Most of the literature on this subject is in human medicine where flushing of peripheral IV lines (PIVL) is done safely and effectively with NS. The jugular lines inserted in LAM have characteristics that are more similar to PIVLs versus most central venous access devices used in human patients. In addition, LAM catheters are of larger diameter than those typically used in human medicine thereby reducing the risk of occlusion. Based on the data evaluated, flushing and locking all LAM catheters with of NS is a reasonable alternative method for maintaining IV patency and eliminating problems associated with medication-related incompatibilities or shortages of prepackaged HS syringes.     

Molecular cloning of type I collagen cDNA and nutritional regulation of type I collagen mRNA expression in grass carp

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) are important Chinese freshwater fish, and in China, the faba bean has been used as the sole food source for grass carp to transform them into crisp grass carp. Because of this, crisp grass carp has become an economically important fish because of its increased muscle hardness. To study the nutritional regulation of type I collagen in faba bean‐fed grass carp, we isolated type I collagen alpha 2 (COL1A2) on the basis of our isolation of COL1A1. The COL1A2 cDNA was found to be 4899 bp in length and included a 4059‐bp coding sequence (CDS) and encoded a polypeptide of 1352 AA. The protein peptide molecular weight was 127.39 kD, and the theoretical isoelectric point was 9.37. The COL1A2 protein possessed five α‐helixes, eight β‐sheets, 16 regions of triple helical repeats, 21 low‐complexity regions, 10 function domains and two zinc‐binding sites; however, no calcium‐binding sites were observed. The mRNA expression of COL1A1 and COL1A2 was assessed in eight tissues (muscle, hepatopancreas, intestine, gills, skin, fin, kidney and spleen) from grass carp and crisp grass carp by semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR. Expression of COL1A1 in the muscle, intestines and skin of crisp grass carp was higher than that in grass carp, and expression of COL1A2 in the muscle, gills, fin and skin of crisp grass carp was higher than that in grass carp. In the muscle of crisp grass carp, expression of COL1A1 and COL1A2 was higher than that in grass carp, which was further confirmed by real‐time PCR, and collagen content also was enhanced. These results demonstrated that type I collagen was closely related to the increased muscle hardness of faba bean‐fed grass carp.     

论天水市草产业发展现状及其对策

饲草饲料是保证畜牧业健康快速发展的物质基础。本文主要通过重点对清水、张家川、甘谷、武山4个草产业重点县的调研,针对我市草产业发展不适应畜牧业快速发展的突出问题,对我市当前及今后草产业的发展提出了一些对策和建议。     

生态草地概念在草原区划中的应用研究

本文以2003版《草原法》为基本依据,结合酒泉市2010～2011在基本草原划定过程中工作实际,概括提出了生态草地这个新概念,并且从概念的提出、范围的界定、存在的争议、区划中的应用、监管保护效果等五个方面进行了全面论述,最后得出生态草地是指以调节气候、涵养水源、保持水土、防风固沙、生物多样性保护等生态功能为主的、无放牧利用价值的、严重沙化、退化、荒漠化、必须封育保护的、盖度在5％以下的草地.生态草地概念的提出应用使多部门管理的边缘模糊地类管理权限得到明确,为生态草原管理提供了法律依据,促进了草原生态保护和恢复,概念应用价值显著.     

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—TRANSESOPHAGEAL ULTRASOUND‐GUIDED REMOVAL OF A MIGRATING GRASS AWN FOREIGN BODY IN A DOG

A 3‐year‐old English Setter dog was presented for an acute onset of coughing. Tracheobronchoscopic examination allowed localization and removal of one grass awn foreign body. A second migrated grass awn was suspected to be present in the left caudal lung lobe. Transesophageal ultrasound revealed an area of pulmonary consolidation in the dorsomedial portion of left caudal lobe and a linear hyperechoic structure consistent with a grass awn foreign body within the area of consolidation. Transesophageal ultrasonography was also used to provide anatomical landmarks that facilitated successful thoracoscopic removal of the foreign body.     

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—EXTRAHEPATIC BILIARY TRACT OBSTRUCTION SECONDARY TO A BILIARY FOREIGN BODY IN A CAT

An 11‐year‐old, neutered female British Shorthair cat was referred with a 4‐week history of abdominal pain and vomiting. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a dilated common bile duct containing a spindle‐shaped structure with several reflecting interfaces. Differentials that were considered included an intraluminal foreign body, or helminth parasites within the common bile duct. Surgical exploration of the abdominal cavity demonstrated the presence of two grass awns obstructing the common bile duct. Anomalies of the portal vasculature were noted during surgery and were considered an incidental finding. The clinical signs resolved following surgical removal of the grass awns.     

香根草在红壤丘陵上的应用

本文根据我省香根草试验结果，针对我国南方红壤丘陵水土流失严重、生态环境退化等问题，从香根草适应能力强、生长成篱速度快、生物量大等优势及其显著水土保持、稳定水热状况、改善生态环境、培肥改土效果等方面分析，认为香根草的种植是促进红壤丘陵农业持续发展切实可行的有效措施。     

部分外因对禾本科干燥花漂白的影响

用H2O2作漂白剂,研究了漂白液的温度和PH值及漂白液中有无硅酸钠等3个外界因素对禾本科干燥花漂白效果的影响,结果表明：1.变温的花材损失率较恒温的大,45℃～60℃是漂白禾本科干燥花的适宜温度;2.PH值为10时漂白禾本科干燥花效果较好;3.在漂液中加入50%硅酸钠可以改善禾本科干燥花的漂白效果。     

黄河滩区2种禾本科牧草不同生育期氨基酸瘤胃降解特性研究

【目的】研究多年生黑麦草和紫羊茅不同生育期氨基酸的瘤胃降解特性。【方法】以6头装有永久瘤胃瘘管的小尾寒羊为试验动物,用尼龙袋法测定不同生育期多年生黑麦草和紫羊茅在绵羊瘤胃降解前后粗蛋白、总氨基酸及各种氨基酸含量的变化。【结果】1)除开花期外,多年生黑麦草在各个生育期的粗蛋白及总氨基酸含量均高于紫羊茅;2种牧草都富含脯氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、亮氨酸和缬氨酸,而含硫氨基酸含量较低;粗蛋白和总氨基酸含量均随生育期的延长呈下降趋势,即在分蘖期最高,在成熟期最低。2)2种牧草各氨基酸在分蘖期易降解,而在成熟期不易降解。3)2种牧草中的甘氨酸、脯氨酸、酪氨酸、精氨酸、苏氨酸、赖氨酸和苯丙氨酸在瘤胃中较易降解(P<0.05);多年生黑麦草中的天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸和亮氨酸在瘤胃中不易降解(P<0.05),紫羊茅中的丝氨酸、异亮氨酸和亮氨酸在瘤胃中不易降解(P<0.05)。【结论】2种牧草的粗蛋白和氨基酸含量受品种和生育期影响较大,氨基酸在瘤胃中的降解程度与牧草生育期有关。