Artificial inoculation and susceptibility of Pinus armandii to Dothistroma septosporum

Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) is a serious needle disease of conifers that primarily affects pine species (Pinus spp.). Dothistroma septosporum is one of the DNB pathogens that has a diverse range of host species excluding Pinus armandii. In 15 inoculated P. armandii seedlings, D. septosporum acervuli were observed in 43 infected needles of ten seedlings with a mean disease severity of 1.11% at 25 weeks after inoculations, demonstrating the potential of D. septosporum to cause symptoms on the needles of P. armandii via artificial inoculation. The disease severity of P. armandii was similar to the positive control, Pinus nigra (median 0.75 for P. armandii to 0.70 for P. nigra), thus, P. armandii acts under artificial conditions as a susceptible host species.     

枸橼种质对柑橘溃疡病的抗性鉴定

柑橘溃疡病(Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri,Xcc)是严重阻碍柑橘产业发展的世界性检疫病害,防控困难,选育抗病品种为防治溃疡病的唯一有效办法。枸橼C-05是柑橘属独特的抗溃疡病种质,为抗性机理和抗病育种提供了种质基础。为了进一步评价枸橼C-05的抗性,另外收集了13份枸橼种质,对其进行溃疡病的离体和活体抗性评价。叶片形态学观察表明,14份枸橼种质存在较大的形态学差异。采用离体与活体注射接种不同浓度的柑橘溃疡病菌,根据叶片的感病症状、病斑周围黄色晕圈大小等典型溃疡病症状,综合评价枸橼类种质的抗病性。结果表明:枸橼种质之间对溃疡病的抗性存在极大差异,溃疡病的抗性评价综合病情指数显示枸橼C-05、园香橼、矮果香橼、美国枸橼、普通枸橼和印度大果综合病情指数较小,表现为极抗病或抗病,其他枸橼种质表现不同程度的感病性;枸橼种质的抗病或感病性与其叶片形态特征无关。枸橼C-05和5个抗病枸橼种质对柑橘溃疡病具有针对性的抗性,这对进一步研究抗病机理和抗病育种具有重要意义。     

野生大豆种质资源对大豆疫霉根腐病抗性评价

由大豆疫霉菌引起的大豆疫霉根腐病是严重影响大豆生产的毁灭性病害之一.防治该病经济有效的方法是抗病育种,而抗性资源筛选又是抗病育种的基础.本研究采用下胚轴伤口接种法,用黑龙江省的大豆疫霉菌的1号优势生理小种对来自全国19个省份的415份野生大豆资源进行了抗性鉴定,表现抗病的有96份,占总鉴定资源的23.1%,表现中抗的资源有152份,占36.6%,表现感病的资源有167份,占40.2%.根据野生大豆的来源分析发现,在我国,抗性野生大豆资源分布较广泛.     

Inoculation of ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Trees on M9 Rootstock with Azotobacter Improves Nutrient Uptake and Growth Indices

ABSTRACT

Roots of young ‘Golden Delicious’ apple on M9 rootstock were inoculated with four strains of Azotobacter chroococcum, which were isolated from various soils. Effects of these strains in combination with different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and compost on plant growth and nutrient uptake were studied over two seasons. Therefore, a factorial arrangement included four strains of A. chroococcum, two levels of N-fertilizer (0 and 35 mg N kg^?1soil of ammonium nitrate) and two levels of compost (0 and 12 g kg^?1 soil of air-dried vermicompost). Among the four strains, AFA₁₄₆ was the most beneficial strain, as it increased leaf area, leaf potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) uptake and root N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), Mn, and Zn. The combination of AFA₁₄₆ strain, compost and N fertilizer increased leaf uptake of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and B, and root uptake of P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and copper (Cu), and root dry weight.     

三江平原主栽大豆品种对大豆根腐病尖孢镰孢菌的抗性分析

明确三江平原地区主栽大豆品种对主要大豆根腐病致病菌尖孢镰孢菌的抗性。收集了该地区主栽大豆品种13 个,对其同时进行盆栽接种和大田接种尖孢镰孢菌的抗性分析试验,大田接种试验设不接种对照。‘垦丰16’和‘合丰55’的抗性最好,盆栽试验中均表现为抗病,平均病情指数分别为15.33%和20.67%,大田接种试验中表现为抗病,病情指数分别为25.55%和22.89%,与未接种对照相比,减产率最低,分别为3.55%和3.77%,差异达到显著水平。‘垦丰16’和‘合丰55’是适宜三江平原地区种植的抗尖孢镰孢菌根腐病的抗病品种。     

Glomus-wetland rice mycorrhizas influenced by nursery inoculation techniques under high fertility soil conditions

 We investigated the effect of nursery inoculation techniques on mycorrhizal colonization and sporulation, growth responses, and nutrient (N and P) uptake to determine the suitable nursey inoculation method of wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.) under high-fertility soil conditions. Seedlings were produced in dry-nursery (DN, watered to 60% of –0.03 MPa) and wet-nursery (WN, 3–5 cm water from the soil surface) conditions with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (Glomus spp.) inoculation. Soil was γ-ray sterilized before use in this experiment. Mycorrhizal fungal colonization was 56% in DN and 23% in WN plants at 6 weeks of growth. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization was significantly higher in plants of DN origin than in WN plants after transplantation to the pots, irrespective of growing stages. Mycorrhizal colonization was significantly decreased to 28% in DN plants and to 25% in WN plants at harvest. The grain yield was significantly influenced by nursery conditions. N and P acquisition of wetland rice plants inoculated with Glomus spp. was significantly greater than that of non-inoculated plants at maturity, especially in those originating from DN conditions. P translocation from shoots to grain was accelerated by mycorrhizas. Received: 6 April 1997     

饲粮高剂量铜对肉鸡生产性能的影响

试验选用６周龄肉用三黄鸡公１２０只,随机分为４个小组,每组２个重复,每个重复１５只。饲粮处理为：１组为对照组,喂实用玉米－豆粕型基础饲粮;２,３和４组饲粮分别为在基础饲粮中添加硫酸铜形成的铜６２．５,１２５和２５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。试验期４２ｄ。结果表明：试验最初２同效果显著,与对照组比较,２,３和４组鸡体增重分别提高３．５８％（ｐ〉０．０５）,１１．７％（ｐ〈０．０５）和１６．１６％（ｐ〈０．０１）,     

科新903蛋鸡父母代羽速自别雌雄的培育

根据羽毛伴性遗传的理论,在科新903褐壳蛋鸡配套系选育过程中,为了培育父母代鸡在初生雏时,根据主翼羽和覆主翼羽生长的相对长度自别雌雄,将父本父系A 系和母本父系C 系培育成纯合快羽基因型纯系,将父本母系B 系和母本母系D 系培育成纯合慢羽基因型纯系。用A 系公鸡与B 系母鸡交配,用C 系公鸡与D 系母鸡交配,产生的子一代即父母代,可根据快慢羽自别雌雄,快羽为母鸡,慢羽为公鸡。纯系繁殖羽速类型的准确率达99%以上。生产父母代羽速鉴别雌雄的准确率达98%以上。鉴别速度快,准确率高,不损伤鸡体,效果好。     

稻瘟病菌生理小种离体接种鉴定和致病性人工诱变研究

稻瘟病菌品种专化性致病型（即生理小种）严重分化,给抗病育种及病害控制带来了许多困难。因此研究其生理小种变化是目前发展所必需。本试验对稻瘟病菌生理小种的致病性人工诱变研究前期工作进行了探讨,并初步掌握了产孢的技术、水稻离体培养和接种技术、菌株诱变的条件以及获得致病性突变菌株。     

西瓜嫁接砧木资源及其杂交组合枯萎病抗性鉴定

为了筛选西瓜枯萎病抗性砧木材料,对近年来收集整理的部分西瓜亲本材料及选配的砧木组合进行苗期枯萎病抗性人工接种鉴定。以国际上公认的5个西瓜枯萎病鉴别寄主材料(‘Black Diamond’‘Crimson Sweet’‘Charleston Gray’‘Calhoun Gray’‘PI296341-FR’)以及选配的49份西瓜砧木资源为试材,采用尖镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum)孢子悬浮液人工接种法,鉴定试验所用的西瓜枯萎病菌生理小种和砧木材料的枯萎病抗性。结果表明:鉴别寄主‘Black Diamond’‘Crimson Sweet’‘Charleston Gray’‘Calhoun Gray’‘PI296341-FR’的病情指数分别达85.2、53.0、27.2、19.2和7.8,抗性级别分别为感病、轻抗、中抗和抗病;49份西瓜砧木材料中,筛选出对Race 1表现抗病的材料有10份,占总供试材料的20.4%,中抗材料29份,占59.2%,轻抗材料10份,占20.4%,不存在免疫和完全感病的材料。确认该试验所用尖孢镰刀菌为生理小种1,筛选确定了高抗西瓜枯萎病的4份亲本材料588、893、BEH和FR328,6份杂交材料威砧101、Be-3×893、(BEH-15×Sugarlee)×893、(BEH1-15×Sugarlee)×341、(BEH1-15×AW2-1)×341和(BYH-1×Sugarlee)×893,可为设施西瓜生产提供优良的嫁接砧木资源。