Cu2+, Zn2+和Mn2+对冷胁迫下嫁接黄瓜幼苗叶片提取液SOD活性的影响

以自根和嫁接黄瓜幼苗为试材,研究叶片Mn、Cu、Zn和Fe含量及低温胁迫下SOD活性的差异,结果表明:嫁接黄瓜叶片Mn、Cu和Zn的含量均显著高于自根黄瓜,而Fe的含量则显著低于自根黄瓜;低温胁迫第3天,嫁接黄瓜叶片SOD、Cu/Zn-SOD和Mn-SOD活性均显著高于自根黄瓜,Fe-SOD则显著低于自根黄瓜。为探索嫁接黄瓜叶片高含量Mn、Cu、Zn与SOD活性之间的关系,向低温胁迫第3天的自根黄瓜叶片SOD提取液中加入Mn2 、Cu2 和Zn2 ,使之与嫁接黄瓜叶片SOD提取液对应组合的Mn2 、Cu2 和Zn2 浓度相等,研究此时的SOD及其同工酶活性的变化,结果发现:Mn2 、Cu2 和Zn2 加入自根黄瓜叶片提取液后均能显著增强SOD活性,其增强作用的大小依次为Mn2 Zn2 ,Mn2 Cu2 ,Mn2 ,Cu2 ,Cu2 Zn2 Mn2 ,Cu2 Zn2 和Zn2 。3种离子的加入都不影响Fe-SOD的活性。这一结果说明黄瓜叶片Mn、Cu和Zn的含量是影响SOD活性大小的重要因素,嫁接黄瓜吸收Mn、Cu和Zn的能力较强是其SOD活性显著高于自根黄瓜的重要原因之一。     

Changes in antioxidative system and membrane damage of lettuce in response to salinity and boron toxicity

Individual and combined effects of salinity and B toxicity on growth, the major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX) activities, ascorbic acid, proline, and H₂O₂ accumulation, and stomatal resistance (SR), malondialdehyde (MDA), membrane permeability (MP) and the concentrations of sodium (Na), chloride (Cl) and boron (B) of lettuce were investigated. Boron toxicity and salinity reduced growth of lettuce plants. Under B toxicity, B concentration of the plants was increased, but in the presence of NaCl, the concentration of B was significantly reduced. Sodium and Cl concentrations were increased in B + NaCl and NaCl treatments. Membrane damage was more pronounced in NaCl and B + NaCl treatments. Stomatal resistance of the plants was significantly increased by salinity treatments. The accumulation of proline and ascorbic acid was the highest in the B + NaCl treatment. In general, stress conditions significantly increased H₂O₂ and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT and APX) activities. The present results indicate that stomatal closure is an important response of lettuce against NaCl and B + NaCl stress. Furthermore NaCl and B + NaCl toxicity-induced oxidative stress in lettuce resulting in lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. Increased antioxidant enzyme activities and also accumulation of ascorbic acid and proline are involved in order to overcome B- and NaCl-induced oxidative stress.     

雏鸡成髓细胞性白血病强毒感染后超氧化物歧化酶活性的变化

３日龄肉用ＡＡ雏鸡成髓细胞性白血病强毒（ｖＡＭＶ）人工感染后,鸡成髓细胞性白血病（ＡＭＢ）发病率８６．７％、死亡率７０％,脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊、心脏、肝脏、肾脏和性腺超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性与健康对照雏鸡相比,Ｔ－ＳＯＤ和Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ活性于１０日龄时均极显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,于１７日龄时则极显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）,以后日龄亦有明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）,而Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ活性于１０和２４日龄无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）、１７日龄时显著或极显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）,３０日龄则明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

黄芪多糖对vAMV感染雏鸡SOD活性的影响

3日龄肉用AA雏鸡禽成髓细胞性白血病强毒（vAMV）人工感染后,禽成髓细胞性白血病（AMB）发病率86．7％、死亡率70．0％,脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊、心脏、肝脏、肾脏及性腺超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性与健康雏鸡相比,T－SOD和Mn－SOD活性于10日龄时明显升高（P＜0．01）,于17日龄后则显著降低（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）,而Cu,Zn－SOD活性无显著变化（P＞0．05）。vAMV感染雏鸡注射黄芪多糖,AMB发病率64．1％、死亡率是51．3％,同对照组相比,黄芪感染组的T－SOD、Mn－SOD及Cu,Zn－SOD活性初期无显著差异（P＞0．05）,中后期则明显升高（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）。     

唐菖蒲不同品种生理特性及栽培适应性的研究

１９９３～１９９７年研究表明,在贵阳地区,适应性较强的唐菖蒲浅色花品种的休眠球茎、发芽种球、幼苗期球茎及幼苗根的超氧化物歧化酶活性高于适应性较弱的深色花品种,而深色花品种的开花期母球、新球、新根、茎、叶、花药的蛋白质含量以及上部叶片的光饱和点、净光合速率、光呼吸速率、暗呼吸速率高于浅色花品种,花瓣的蛋白质含量低于浅色花品种。由此推测,唐菖蒲不同品种的栽培适应性差异与以上生理生化性状差异有关。     

芝麻苗期干旱生理生化指标响应特征及其基因表达分析

为建立芝麻抗旱性快速鉴定体系及筛选芝麻抗旱品种，采用盆栽反复干旱法，设置正常水分（CK）和干旱胁迫（DS）两种处理，对31份芝麻材料进行生理生化指标测定和综合评价，同时利用qRT-PCR检测SOD合成相关基因的表达量。结果表明：芝麻苗期O^₂、可溶性糖（SS）、脯氨酸（Pro）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性与CK相比均显著上升，各指标综合抗旱系数和抗旱指数的变异系数最高的分别是SOD（98.64%）和O^₂（154.01%）；抗旱指数与O^₂含量、SOD活性呈极显著正相关关系，这两个指标可作为芝麻苗期抗旱性鉴定的重要指标。聚类分析将31份芝麻材料划分为5类抗旱类型，分别为高抗型、中抗型、低抗型、低感型和高感型。利用综合评价方法，筛选出高抗材料2份（‘汾芝10号’和‘豫-11-1’），中抗旱材料4份，低抗旱材料9份，敏感材料10份，高感材料5份；筛选出O^₂含量和SOD活性可作为芝麻种质资源苗期抗旱特性快速鉴定的指标。     

土壤干旱与柿叶片膜脂及脂质过氧化的关系

在不同灌水条件下,对盆栽柿幼树叶片组织相对含水量,细胞透性,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,膜脂脂肪酸组分和脂质过氧化作用产物——丙二醛(MDA)含量进行测定,结果表明:当水势Ψ_S下降时,细胞透性(PERM)增大,SOD和CAT活性下降,脂质过氧化作用增强,膜脂中不饱和脂肪酸含量下降,饱和脂肪酸含量升高。试验证明:土壤水势(?)_S=-3.80±0.47bar,各指标变化最明显。本试验条件下,幼柿叶片SOD活性,CAT活性,MDA含量,PERM,不饱和脂肪酸指数(IUFA)与组织相对含水量(RWC)和土壤水势(Ψ_s)间具显著相关关系。     

淹水胁迫下银杏主要生化指标的变化

以3年生的银杏幼树为实验材料,经过淹水处理后,测定不同时间银杏叶片内主要生化指标--丙二醛(MDA)、游离脯氨酸(PRO)、可溶性糖以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量的变化.结果表明:淹水后的前9天,银杏叶片丙二醛含量无明显变化,第10天,其MDA含量显著增加,达到18.7 μmol/g, 比对照MDA含量(7.2 μmol/g)增加1倍多;淹水后第8天, 银杏叶片游离脯氨酸(PRO)含量显著增高,达到101.4 μg/g, 为对照的2倍多;随着淹水时间的延长,银杏叶片可溶性糖的含量逐渐增加, 第9天达到32.9 mg/g, 随后维持在较高水平上;在淹水后前几天, SOD的活性增加较快,第5天,SOD活性达到最高值854.6 U/g,第6天开始下降,到第11天时,其活性为78.8 U/g,远远低于对照组.     

干旱胁迫下佛甲草生理生化变化的研究

为了解佛甲草对干旱环境的适应能力,研究了干旱胁迫下佛甲草组织中MDA,脯氨酸,叶绿素含量及SOD和POD活性的变化。研究结果表明,在轻度干旱胁迫下,植物组织中SOD和POD活性呈上升趋势;在严重干旱胁迫下SOD和POD活性有所下降。MDA含量整体呈上升趋势。干旱处理使叶绿素含量呈现先上升后下降的趋势。脯氨酸含量呈现上升趋势,在严重干旱时,略有下降。     

Effect of salt stress on activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） in Ulmus pumila L.

The injury tolerance of cell plasma membrane and the correlative enzymes activities of plasma-membrane protection system in the Ulmuspumila leaves treated by nine concentrations （0.3%, 0.6%, 0,9%, 1,2%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2,1%, 2.4%, 3.0%） of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 mixtures were studied in a greenhouse of Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China. The rate of electrolyte leakage （REL） and SOD （Superoxide dismutase） activity in leaves of different samples were determined. Results showed that the REL in leaves of U. pumila presented a slowly increasing trend at the salt concentrations less than 1.5%, which indicated that cell plasma membrane of U. pumila leaves had rather strong resistance to the injury of salt ion, and had a significant increase at the salt concentrations more than 1.5%. The SOD activities in leaves of U, pumila presented an increased trend at salt concentrations less than 1.5%, the growth of seedlings did not decline, and tress and leaves had no symptom of injury, while the salt concentrations exceeded 1.5%, SOD activities sharply decreased and REL increased promptly.