不同生育时期水淹胁迫对玉米生长发育的影响

本文对玉米不同生育时期水淹胁迫后的生理变化进行了研究。结果表明,水淹导致细胞活性氧代谢失调,膜脂过氧化作用加剧,MDA含量增加,过氧化氢酶活性迅速下降,玉米叶片叶绿素含量下降。在水淹条件下,植物体内保护酶活性与膜脂过氧化水平有紧密的关系。     

棉花中GhTFL1a和GhTFL1c基因的表达及启动子分析

从陆地棉中克隆了磷脂酰乙醇胺结合蛋白GhTFL1a和GhTFL1c基因,并对该基因进行表达分析、启动子预测和启动子活性研究。利用启动子分析软件PlantCARE预测得出,GhTFL1a启动子区域有脱落酸响应元件、干旱诱导的MYB结合位点和顶芽特异表达响应元件等;GhTFL1c启动子区域有乙烯响应元件、干旱诱导的MYB结合位点和水杨酸响应元件。因此,将pGhTFL1a和pGhTFL1c分别构建到启动子检测载体pBI121-GUS上形成融合表达载体,通过烟草瞬时转化检测得出这2个基因的启动子都具有活性。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明, GhTFL1a和GhTFL1c在光周期处理和不同材料的陆地棉(栽培种和半野生种)中表达模式呈相反趋势。GhTFL1a基因受脱落酸(abscisic acid, ABA)、水杨酸(salicylic acid, SA)和盐胁迫诱导,而GhTFL1c可以响应赤霉素(gibberellin, GA)、SA和ABA胁迫。研究结果初步表明,GhTFL1a和GhTFL1c可能参与了植物逆境胁迫脱落酸和水杨酸响应的调控,为在棉花中进一步阐明其功能奠定了基础。     

不同肥料配比对贵州禾苟当1号产量及食味品质的影响

采用“3414”试验设计,研究不同肥料配比对贵州禾苟当1号产量及其构成因素、干物质积累量、稻米淀粉RVA特征谱及香味物质相对含量的影响。结果表明,不同肥料配比下N₂P₂K₂处理产量最高,为7.27t/hm²,与N₂P₀K₂和N₂P₃K₂处理差异不显著。从产量构成因素来看,各处理产量与有效穗数、总颖花量、结实率和千粒重呈正相关,其中与有效穗数达到显著水平。N₂P₂K₂处理在保证结实率和千粒重的前提下,有效穗数多,抽穗后期干物质积累量大,从而达到高产。从稻米品质来看,随着氮、磷、钾肥施用量的增加,峰值黏度和崩解值均不同程度降低,稻米食味品质降低。随着磷肥施用量的增加,籽粒香味挥发性主要物质相对含量逐渐上升,其中N₂P₃K₂处理香味物质相对含量最高。N₂P₃K₂处理可在保证产量的基础上增加籽粒香味。利用肥料效应方程分析得出,苟当1号获得最佳产量的施肥量为N 174.45kg/hm²、P₂O₅ 52.80kg/hm²和KCl 103.65kg/hm²,产量为6.86t/hm²。     

Little effect of forest age on oribatid mites on the bark of trees

This study investigates the effect of forest age (20-, 50-, 160-year-old, and primeval forest) on oribatid mite communities on the bark of oak trees in the National Park Pusza Białowieża in eastern Poland. We hypothesized that oribatid mite diversity on bark peaks at forests of intermediate age and that the number of parthenogenetic species of oribatid mites is highest in young stands. In contrast to these hypotheses, the diversity, density, number of juveniles, community structure and the mode of reproduction of oribatid mite species were not significantly affected by forest age. None of the oribatid mite species occurred exclusively on trees of a specific age. The results suggest that oribatid mite communities on the bark of trees are minimally affected by tree harvesting regimes. In contrast to oribatid mites in soil, communities on bark appear to be less sensitive to disturbances.     

土壤中碳酸盐的碳氧同位素分析

本文采用磷酸法分析土壤中碳酸盐的碳、氧同位素组成,对分析方法和制样装置作了叙述,比较了经不同预处理土壤的碳、氧同位素值,指出土壤有机碳的存在不影响碳酸盐同位素组成的精密测定,有氧灼烧预处理土壤样品对分析结果有明显影响,使δ~13C和δ~18O值降低。测定多种标准样品表明,此方法准确、可靠,重复制样测定的标准偏差在0.1‰以内。     

The membrane‐type estrogen receptor G‐protein‐coupled estrogen receptor suppresses lipopolysaccharide‐induced interleukin 6 via inhibition of nuclear factor‐kappa B pathway in murine macrophage cells

The female sex hormone estrogen exerts anti‐inflammatory effects. The G‐protein‐coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has been recently identified as a novel membrane‐type estrogen receptor that can mediate non‐genomic estrogenic effects on many cell types. We previously demonstrated that GPER inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha‐induced expression of interleukin 6 (IL‐6) through repression of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) promoter activity using human breast cancer cells. Although several reports have indicated that GPER suppresses Toll‐like receptor‐induced inflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages, the molecular mechanisms of the inhibition of cytokine production via GPER remain poorly understood. In the present study, we examined GPER‐mediated inhibition of IL‐6 expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in a mouse macrophage cell line. We found that the GPER agonist G‐1 inhibited LPS‐induced IL‐6 expression in macrophage cells, and this inhibition was due to the repression of NF‐κB promoter activity by GPER. G‐1 treatment also decreased the phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB kinases. Among the mitogen‐activated protein kinases, the phosphorylation of c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) was increased by G‐1. These findings delineate the novel mechanism of the inhibition of LPS‐induced IL‐6 through GPER‐activated JNK‐mediated negative regulation of the NF‐κB pathway in murine macrophage cells, which links anti‐inflammatory effects to estrogen.     

小鼠抗青霉素和头孢菌素酰化酶抗体制备及交叉反应研究

为探讨用不同方法制备的抗原对抗体效价的影响以及抗体之间的交叉反应 ,采用 3种不同方法制备的抗原分别免疫 BAL B/ c小鼠 ,制备出抗青霉素酰化酶 α亚基、β亚基和抗头孢菌素酰化酶α亚基、β亚基 4种抗体 ,测定了它们的效价 ;同时还比较了用同一种方法制备的抗原免疫小鼠后制作这两类抗体的效价以及上述 4种抗体之间对应抗原的交叉反应。结果表明 ,用割胶法制备的抗原免疫小鼠后所得抗体效价较高 ;同样用割胶法制备的抗原免疫小鼠后所得的两类抗体效价无显著差异 ;在交叉反应测试中 ,抗头孢菌素酰化酶抗体也能识别青霉素酰化酶 ,但抗青霉素酰化酶抗体却几乎不能识别头孢菌素酰化酶 ,即抗头孢菌素酰化酶抗体更为活跃 ,而抗青霉素酰化酶抗体则更为专一。同类抗体对应抗原 2个亚基之间的交叉反应说明其互相结合部位结构的类似 ,同时也说明只有进一步制作单克隆抗体才能筛选出特异性强的抗体     

分子分类学及其在经济林研究中的应用前景

分子分类学采用生物的遗传物质DNA,RNA及蛋白质和酶为分类依据,使用现代生物化学方法对这些物质测定分析,并用数值分类的方法对测定数据处理分析,从而建立起生物的分类和进化系统。本文阐述了分子分类学在经济林研究中的应用前景。     

Pathogenicity for chickens of a paramyxovirus type 1, isolated from racing pigeons in Sweden

Strains of paramyxovirus type 1 (PMV-1) have been isolated from diseased racing pigeons in Sweden. One of these isolates was selected for studies of the pathogenicity and contagiousness in chickens.The same isolate was previously found to have a high intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) in 6 weeks old chickens.In three experiments it was found that the PMV-1 isolate was very pathogenic for 1 week old chickens but not pathogenic for 120 day old pullets inoculated intranasally and ocularly.Symptoms in the young chickens were similar to those seen in the neurotropic form of Newcastle disease. The mortality was high and the incubation period 5–11 days.The disease easily spread to young chickens kept in contact with diseased birds.The microscopic examination revealed an interstitial nonpurulent pneumonia and a nonpurulent encephalitis in the young chickens. In the pullets the only finding was a mild encephalitis.PMV-1 was recovered from all young chickens but not from the pullets.Both the chickens and the inoculated pullets developed antibodies to PMV-1.