冷应激环境下补充Vc对雄性小鼠免疫器官和呼吸器官组织结构的影响

选用清洁级雄性昆明小鼠30只，随机分均为冷应激组、冷应激＋Vc组和对照组，冷应激和冷应激＋Vc组每天在0℃、下给2h的冷刺激，冷应激＋Vc纽补充300μg／g的Vc，试验期1周。结果，在冷应激环境中，小鼠早晚体质量均表现明显下降趋势，胸腺、脾脏和肺脏的重量均显著降低（P〈0．05），器官指数有所下降，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）；胸腺小体数量增加，胸腺细胞数量明显减少，动脉周围淋巴鞘变薄，肺泡腔变大，肺泡壁变薄，肺泡间毛细血管减少。补充Vc后，小鼠早晚体质量下降趋势减缓，肺脏重量和器官指数显著增加（P〈0．05），胸腺和脾脏重量及器官指数也有所增加，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。胸腺小体体积减小，淋巴细胞数量有所增加，脾小结数量以及体积都有所增加，动脉周围淋巴鞘增厚，肺泡壁明显增厚，肺泡间结缔组织增加，毛细血管增多。结果表明补充Vc可以改善冷应激对免疫器官和呼吸器官造成的不良影响。     

内蒙古几种野生牧草生态型的研究——Ⅰ华北驼绒藜

通过对2份华北驼绒藜材料农艺性状、化学成分、染色体、同功酶等各项指标的对比，确定了内蒙古哲里木盟和巴彦淖尔盟产的2种华北驼绒藜为2个地理生态型，并对其进行了评价。     

野生香叶树育苗及栽培技术研究初报

香叶树在云南省各地均有分布，尤其在西南部地区分布极为普遍，春传统经营利用历史悠久，但大多为野生状态，经营极为粗放。本文对野生香叶树树种进行了人工选优、育苗和造林技术试验研究，结果表明，香叶树的人工栽培与发展具有较大的发展潜力。     

人工经营对毛竹秆形结构变异的影响

在毛竹中心分布区福建省邵武市和江西省宜丰县调查研究了人工经营干扰对材用毛竹秆形生长和变异的影响.结果表明不同经营强度下毛竹的秆形结构变异差异显著.立竹密度基本相似的纯林中,材用毛竹秆形生长表现为集约经营优于一般经营,一般经营优于粗放经营.在中心分布区,不论立地条件是否相同,多年采取集约经营的毛竹的竹秆不仅尖削度小,枝下高长,壁厚,而且全杆高度比一般经营的平均约高出5%,比处于粗放经营的高出达12%;采取集约经营的毛竹的平均秆鲜质量可达31.37kg,而一般和粗放经营状态下分别仅为28.46kg和23.33kg.不同经营强度下毛竹秆高随胸径的基本变化规律相似,但是集约经营的毛竹全秆高随胸径稳定增长,而经营水平低的变化幅度大.即使毛竹的胸径相同,处于集约经营状态下毛竹秆高、秆鲜质量均比一般经营和粗放经营的明显大.多年采取3种不同强度经营的毛竹主要秆形标识值之间关系可用不同的数学模型描述.     

C5a/C5aR信号在微小隐孢子虫感染中的免疫调节作用研究

旨在探究C5a/C5aR信号在微小隐孢子虫感染过程中对宿主CD4⁺ T细胞免疫反应的调控作用。本研究以微小隐孢子虫（Cryptosporidium parvum）为研究对象,以BALB/c乳鼠和C5aR抑制BALB/c乳鼠为感染模型,应用实时荧光定量PCR和免疫组织化学技术检测了C.parvum感染前后乳鼠回肠组织中C5aR的表达变化,利用实时荧光定量PCR检测了隐孢子虫HSP70基因和CD4⁺ T细胞亚群（Th1、Th2、Th17细胞和Treg细胞）主效应细胞因子（IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-17和TGF-β）的转录变化,并通过病理组织切片观察乳鼠回肠黏膜的损伤情况。结果显示：与对照组乳鼠相比,C.parvum感染可以引起乳鼠回肠组织中C5aR的mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著上调（P<0.05）,以及IFN-γ表达水平显著上调（P<0.05）;与C.parvum感染组乳鼠相比,C5aR抑制剂处理可引起C.parvum感染乳鼠回肠组织中Th1细胞、Th2细胞和Treg细胞的主效应细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4和TGF-β显著下调表达（P<0.05）,以及Th17细胞主效应细胞因子IL-17显著上调表达（P<0.05）。病理学观察发现,抑制C5aR能显著改善C.parvum感染引起的乳鼠回肠组织的绒毛直径和黏膜厚度变化（P<0.05）,但不能改善绒毛长度、绒毛长度与隐窝深度比值。隐孢子虫HSP70基因的mRNA水平检测发现,抑制C5aR能显著影响C.parvum在回肠组织中的增殖（P<0.05）。C5a/C5aR信号可能通过动态调节CD4⁺ T细胞亚群主效应细胞因子的表达来参与宿主与隐孢子虫相互作用的过程,为深入理解隐孢子虫与宿主的互作机制提供了参考。     

Protective Effect of Stachybotrys microspora Triprenyl Phenol-7on the Deposition of IgA to the Glomerular Mesangium in Nivalenol-induced IgA Nephropathy Using BALB/c Mice

Activators of tissue proteolysis including Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol (SMTP)-7 are a new class of agents that are expected to be effective for amelioration of chronic tissue destructive diseases. The present study was performed to examine whether SMTP-7 is effective for the amelioration or protection of early-stage IgA nephropathy (IgAN) induced by nivalenol (NIV) in female BALB/c mice. In Experiment 1, mice were administered NIV at 24 ppm in diet for 8 weeks, and during the NIV treatment, they were intraperitoneally injected with SMTP-7 (10 mg/kg) three times a week. In Experiment 2, mice were injected similarly with SMTP-7 during the last 4 weeks of a 16-week NIV treatment. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed an inhibitory effect of SMTP-7 on the glomerular deposition of IgA in Experiment 1; however, it was ineffective in Experiment 2. On the other hand, SMTP-7 did not affect the serum concentration of IgA in both experiments. These results suggest that SMTP-7 has a potential to decrease the progression of IgAN induced by NIV through inhibition of local accumulation of IgA in the glomerular mesangium, while it was ineffective for suppression of IgA production. On the other hand, SMTP-7 was found to be ineffective for already deposited IgA, suggesting that SMTP-7 may not be effective for ameliorating advanced IgAN.     

Silk fibroin hydrolysate exerts an anti-diabetic effect by increasing pancreatic β cell mass in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice

Components of silk including silk fibroin have long been used as anti-diabetic remedies in oriental medicine. However, detailed mechanisms underlying these anti-diabetic effects remain unclear. In this study, we examined the anti-diabetic activity of silk fibroin hydrolysate (SFH) in C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) mice, a well-known animal model of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. When the db/db mice were administered SFH in drinking water for 6 weeks, hyperglycemia in the animals gradually disappeared and the level of glycosylated hemoglobin decreased, indicating that SFH plays important role in reducing the symptoms of diabetes. In addition, SFH-treated db/db mice exhibited improved glucose tolerance with increased plasma insulin levels. Immunohistochemical and morphological analyses showed that SFH up-regulated insulin production by increasing pancreatic β cell mass in the mice. In summary, our results suggest that SFH exerts anti-diabetic effects by increasing pancreatic β cell mass in a non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus mouse model.     

Segmentation of the Pathophysiological Stages of Diabetic Changes in the db/db Mouse

The db/db mouse is one of the diabetes mellitus animal models and if the pathophysiological stages of diabetic changes in the mouse model could simulate the stages in human diabetes, the db/db mouse could be used to better evaluate drug candidates. Blood insulin, HbA1c levels and morphological features of pancreatic islets in db/db mice were evaluated to determine the pathophysiological stage. At 6 weeks of age, db/db mice showed the highest level of plasma insulin and lowest level of HbA1c, and histopathological examination revealed enlarged islets with a circular shape and hypertrophic islet cells. By 9 and 12 weeks of age, the plasma insulin levels had decreased to mid levels and HbA1c had increased to mid to high levels; histopathological examination at this time revealed two types of islets coexisting, enlarged circular islets and small irregular-shaped islets. By 15 and 22 weeks of age, plasma insulin had decreased further to low levels and HbA1c was at its highest level; the histopathological examination at this time revealed an increase in irregular-shaped and small islets. Based on blood insulin levels, HbA1c levels and histopathology findings in the db/db mice in this study, the clinical staging of diabetic changes were recognized. The pathophysiological stages of diabetes mellitus in this animal model were similar to the stages in humans.     

Balb/c小鼠肺组织一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶的动态变化

为探讨Balb/c小鼠正常生理状况下肺组织中一氧化氮自由基含量以及一氧化氮合酶活性的动态变化,采用电子自旋共振法直接测定了一氧化氮自由基含量,采用分光光度计法测定了一氧化氮合酶的活性.结果表明:在第3,6,7,12天Balb/c小鼠肺组织的一氧化氮自由基含量、一氧化氮合酶活性均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).说明生理状态下,Balb/c小鼠肺组织一氧化氮自由基的产生维持动态平衡.