急性非洲猪瘟的实验病理学研究

旨在通过对非洲猪瘟临床病理学和组织病理学的研究,探讨病理学变化与疾病发生发展的内在关系及其病理机制。选用体重20 kg左右的长白猪13头,肌内注射非洲猪瘟病毒毒株Pig/HLJ/18,剂量10²HAD₅₀·mL^-1。试验期间的死亡猪,全部进行系统剖检和取材,制备石蜡切片,苏木素伊红染色。建立病理学评价标准,病变（无序分类变量）用频率和百分比表示,病变程度（有序分类变量）按各组织器官的不同病变进行分级和评分。结果表明,发病猪符合非洲猪瘟急性、热性、高传染性等临床特征,发病率100%,病死率100%。病死猪表现败血症典型特征,尸体易腐败,血凝不良或溶血,尸僵不全。主要病理损伤为出血性坏死性淋巴结炎、急性炎性脾肿（败血脾）、脑水肿、肺水肿和肺实变等。脾和淋巴结是非洲猪瘟病毒攻击的靶器官,病变最为显著,出现时间最早,持续时间最长,发生频率最高。病理变化以血液循环障碍尤为突出,包括水肿、充血、淤血、出血、梗死和弥散性血管内凝血等多种病理表现,出血性病变为其最主要的特征。非洲猪瘟病毒引发的以淋巴细胞渗出为主的炎症反应贯穿始终,在病程的中后期表现更为明显。结果提示,急性非洲猪瘟的主要病理过程为典型的免疫/炎症级联反应和严重的全身血液循环障碍,共同导致急性非洲猪瘟的高发病率和高死亡率。     

人类活动对湟水流域生态环境的影响

湟水流域属青藏高原同黄土高原的过渡带，是青海省经济、文化最发达的地区，也是近代青藏高原受人为经济活动影响最强烈的地区之一。由于流域的社会经济活动急剧发展，人口剧增，人类活动不断加强和扩大，使这里脆弱的生态环境发生了重大变化，表现为：现代工业的产生，工业污染日趋严重；湟水径流量逐年减少；工业用水比重逐渐增大；水上流失严重；区域小气候环境恶性化；灌区灌排不平衡，地下水位上升；生物种群和数量急剧减少；人口与资源的矛盾日趋尖锐。湟水流域的环境问题提醒我们，在我国生态环境脆弱的西部高原地区，必须高度重视资源和环境的保护，做到人口、经济、资源、环境的协调发展。     

The Pharmacokinetics of a Long-acting Oxytetracycline Formulation in Healthy Dogs and in Dogs Infected with Ehrlichia canis

The pharmacokinetic properties of oxytetracycline were studied following a single injection of a long-acting formulation (20 mg/kg body weight) into the semimembranosus muscle of healthy dogs and of dogs that had been experimentally infected with Ehrlichia canis. The disposition curves of the long-acting oxytetracycline formulation before and after infection were best described by a bi-exponential decline after a first-order absorption. The mean maximum serum concentration (C _max) following infection was significantly lower and the time taken to attain this concentration (t _max) was significantly shorter than that in the healthy dogs. The mean apparent elimination half-life (t _1/2) was significantly increased following infection. The corresponding rate constant () was significantly decreased. The absorption half-life (t _1/2ab) was significantly decreased after infection. The volume of distribution at steady state (V _dss) increased significantly following infection. It was concluded that the pharmacokinetic behaviour of a long-acting oxytetracycline in dogs after intramuscular administration is characterized by a two-compartment model with a slow elimination phase. This could be due to flip-flop kinetics. The febrile reaction in experimental E. canis infection affected some pharmacokinetic parameters of oxytetracycline.     

安宁河流域特色果蔬土壤的有效态锌测定

锌是植物必需的微量营养元素,为探寻安宁河流域特色果蔬土壤中有效态锌的含量,试验用原子吸收分光光度法对安宁河流域特色果蔬土壤中有效态锌的含量进行测定,试验结果表明,用100 mL HCl+H2SO4(3∶1)混酸在50℃下浸取6 h后用原子吸收分光光度计测定的有效态锌的含量最高,为5.892μg/g,加标回收率为97.3%~104.5%,测定方法精密度好、准确度较高,简便可行。     

Comparison of two real-time RT-PCR assays for differentiation of C-strain vaccinated from classical swine fever infected pigs and wild boars

Classical swine fever is one of the most important infectious diseases for the pig industry worldwide due to its economic impact. Vaccination is an effective means to control disease, however within the EU its regular use is banned owing to the inability to differentiate infected and vaccinated animals, the so called DIVA principle. This inability complicates monitoring of disease and stops international trade thereby limiting use of the vaccine in many regions. The C-strain vaccine is safe to use and gives good protection. It is licensed for emergency vaccination in the EU in event of an outbreak. Two genetic assays that can distinguish between wild type virus and C-strain vaccines have recently been developed. Here the results from a comparison of these two real-time RT-PCR assays in an interlaboratory exercise are presented. Both assays showed similar performance.     

云南绿汁江河谷区葡萄延迟栽培技术规程

云南绿汁江河谷是云南省最早开展葡萄延迟栽培的产区,该技术已辐射到宾川、建水、元谋等干热河谷区。本技术规程规定了绿汁江地区延迟栽培的品种与苗木选择、园地选址与规划、种植方法、棚架结构、肥水管理、整形修剪、花果管理、病虫害防治等。     

Constructing naive Bayesian classifiers for veterinary medicine: A case study in the clinical diagnosis of classical swine fever

For diseases of which the clinical diagnosis is uncertain, naive Bayesian classifiers can be of assistance to the veterinary practitioner. These simple probabilistic models have proven to be very powerful for solving classification problems in a variety of domains, but are not yet widely applied within the veterinary domain. In this paper, naive Bayesian classifiers and methods for their construction are reviewed. We demonstrate how to construct full and selective classifiers from a data set and how to build such classifiers from information in the literature. As a case study, naive Bayesian classifiers to discriminate between classical swine fever (CSF)-infected and non-infected pig herds were constructed from data collected during the 1997/1998 CSF epidemic in the Netherlands. The resulting classifiers were studied in terms of their accuracy and compared with the optimally efficient diagnostic rule that was reported earlier by Elbers et al. (2002). The classifiers were found to have accuracies within the range of 67-70% and performed comparable to or even better than the diagnostic rule on the available data. In contrast with the diagnostic rule, the classifiers had the advantage of taking both the presence and the absence of particular clinical signs into account, which resulted in more discriminative power. These results indicate that naive Bayesian classifiers are promising tools for solving diagnostic problems in the veterinary field.     

猪瘟脾淋毒耐热保护剂活疫苗内毒素检测方法的建立与应用

依据《中华人民共和国兽药典》2005年版(一部)附录112-115和《中华人民共和国药典》2005年版(三部)ⅫE收载的细菌内毒素检测方法及指导原则进行实验。研究猪瘟脾淋毒(耐热保护剂)活疫苗对细菌内毒素检查试验的干扰情况,并建立其内毒素检测方法。结果猪瘟耐热保护剂活疫苗在10倍稀释后对灵敏度为0.25EU/ml的鲎试剂无干扰,细菌内毒素检测方法可用于猪瘟耐热保护剂活疫苗内毒素的检测。     

非洲猪瘟疫苗研究进展

非洲猪瘟（African swine fever,ASF）是由非洲猪瘟病毒（African swine fever virus,ASFV）引起的家猪和野猪的急性、出血性传染病,强毒株感染猪的致死率接近100%,给养猪业造成巨大经济损失。ASFV在猪群中可以快速有效传播,在环境中可稳定存在,为ASF的防控带来了挑战。研究人员一直致力于ASF疫苗的研究,迄今为止,仍没有有效的疫苗投入市场。综述了ASF灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗、病毒活载体疫苗的研究情况,以期为ASF疫苗的有效研发提供参考。