斯氏艾美耳球虫ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2序列的克隆及PCR检测方法的建立

通过对多种鸡球虫和松鼠球虫18SrRNA和28SrRNA进行序列比对分析,在18SrRNA 3′端和28SrRNA 5′端保守区设计艾美耳属通用引物,以斯氏艾美耳球虫洛阳分离株LY卵囊基因组DNA为模板首次成功克隆到斯氏艾美耳球虫完整的ITS1-5.8SrRNA-ITS2序列,其大小为1 178bp,其中ITS1序列长度为423bp,5.8SrRNA为155bp,ITS2为600bp,斯氏艾美耳球虫LY株ITS1/2序列高度变异,与鸡球虫、啮齿动物球虫的序列相似性低于60%。然后在斯氏艾美耳球虫ITS1/2序列超变区设计种特异引物,建立了灵敏、特异的PCR检测方法。本研究结果将为兔球虫强致病种的临床诊断和揭示兔球虫种群遗传特征提供有效的分子工具。     

地衣芽孢杆菌对热应激公兔甲状腺和甲状旁腺组织的影响

将成年塞北兔公兔随机分成3组:常温组、热应激组(基础日粮)和地衣芽孢杆菌组(基础日粮+1 000 mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌),常温组温度为20?25℃,其他2个组人工模拟夏季温度.在试验期间测定血浆皮质醇含量.试验结束后测定甲状腺质量,计算甲状腺指数;观察光镜下甲状腺组织、透射电镜下甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞和甲状旁腺嗜酸性细胞...     

Growth traits of four maternal lines of rabbits founded on different criteria: comparisons at foundation and at last periods after selection

The objective was to compare growth traits in four maternal lines of rabbits (A, V, H and LP), with the aim of understanding the consequence of the different foundation and selection processes on the growth performance of the lines. The lines are currently in the 43th, 38th, 22th and 8th generations, respectively. Two comparisons were performed. One compared the values of the lines at their foundation, using the complete data set, the full pedigree and a two‐trait analysis, including data on the selection criteria, litter size. The other comparisons were done during the last period when all the lines were housed together with the same feeding and management. The numbers of records were 323 208 for weaning weight, and 300 553 for slaughter weight and average daily Gain (from 46 708 l). The pedigree file included 346 638 animals. The second analysis used only the data corresponding to each period, and the analysis was conducted using a one‐trait model. The model was the same as that defined for the comparisons at the foundation, but the additive effects were excluded. The H and LP lines showed highest values for all the traits compared. In the last periods, a good agreement was observed between the estimated differences, computed with the complete model and data set, or computed with an incomplete model and only data from the comparison period. At last periods, the differences were smaller than at foundation. The importance of the correlated response in growth after selection for litter size at weaning or the importance of a non‐programmed intramating selection for the growth traits can explain the changes since foundation.     

家兔亚硒酸中毒的病理形态学研究

给家兔分别肌肉注射不同剂量的亚硒酸钠，历时入周，复制出亚急性硒中毒的动物模型。病理形态学变化为：家兔的生长受到明显抑制，肝，肾，心，脾等组织器官损害严重如肝实质细胞变性，坏死；肾实质退行病变；心肌纤维变性，充血，肺淤血，水肿：脾萎缩，淋巴细胞坏死，肝，肾，心细胞内线粒高度肿胀，嵴减少，断裂或消失成空泡。     

獭兔生殖器官生长发育规律研究

选择15、30、60、90、120日龄獭兔进行屠宰,测定其睾丸、附睾、阴茎、卵巢、子宫等主要生殖器官的长度和质量,研究獭兔生殖器官发育规律。结果表明：睾丸、附睾、卵巢和子宫生长发育的高峰期均在60-90日龄,阴茎的发育高峰在90日龄以后,且发育平缓。     

基于空间漫反射光的母兔早期妊娠诊断装置研制

妊娠诊断是肉兔繁殖管理中的重要环节,尤其是早期妊娠诊断,可提前未妊娠母兔的再授精时间,提高种兔利用率,缩短繁殖周期。针对人工摸胎诊断法存在对母兔腹内胚胎产生机械损伤、母兔应激反应大及对工人经验要求高等缺陷,该研究基于妊娠母兔与未妊娠母兔腹内有无孕囊组织所引起的光学特性差异,提出一种基于空间漫反射光的母兔妊娠诊断方法,研制了快速、无侵入式的便携诊断装置。该装置由具有2个红外发光二极管（Light Emitting Diode,LED,LED发光波长分别为850和930 nm）、3个硅基光电二极管和外围电路的传感探头和信号处理主机组成。利用该便携诊断装置采集130只人工授精14 d后的母兔（包括63只妊娠母兔和67只未妊娠母兔）腹部漫反射光强度数据,将采集的数据按照7∶3的比例划分为训练集和测试集,训练集数据分别用于建立偏最小二乘判别分析（Partial Least Squares Discrimination Analysis, PLS-DA）模型和支持向量机（Support Vector Machine, SVM）分类模型,测试集数据用于模型性能测试,并对比两种模型的分类性能。同时,利用PLS-DA对采样数据进行有监督的主成分分析和变量重要性分析,结果表明妊娠母兔与未妊娠母兔的采样数据之间存在差异,可以被较好的分类。对比两种分类模型的分类性能发现SVM对妊娠母兔和未妊娠母兔的分类性能均比PLS-DA好,对测试集数据的灵敏度、特异性和准确率分别为80.95%、83.33%和82.05%。研究结果表明,该研究提出的光学妊娠诊断方法可行,研制的诊断装置可对授精14 d后的母兔进行妊娠诊断,对提高兔产业体系智能化装备水平有积极的促进作用。     

家兔中microRNA的研究进展

microRNA(miRNA)是一类内源性非编码单链RNA分子,通过与靶基因mRNA配对以指导其功能表达,在动物中扮演着重要的基因调节作用。研究表明,miRNA广泛参与调节动物的生长发育、生殖调控、新陈代谢和疾病发生等生命过程。本文综述了miRNA在家兔中的研究,例如促进肌肉细胞增殖分化、调节脂肪代谢和影响疾病发生等,探讨miRNA在家兔中的研究现状和发展方向,旨在为家兔遗传育种与繁殖提供理论依据。     

Improvement of the Local Tolerance of a Potassium Penicillin G Formulation for Injection

The damaging effect at the injection site (muscle) of a series of different preparations of penicillin C with increasing content of citrate buffer has been investigated in rabbits in order to improve the local tolerance of the drug preparation. The injections were given in M.sacrospinal and 3 days after injection the animals were sacrified and the areas of necrotic muscle tissue were isolated and weighed. The damage from the different preparations was determined on the basis of these weighing results. It was concluded that Novocillin 3.15 g and 6.3 g in 20 ml aqueous solution could be improved by adding 3x the original content of citrate buffer to the preparation resulting in a 38% decrease of the mean weight of necrotic areas at the injection site. Moreover, it was shown that the mean weight of necrotic areas at the injection site was diminished by 41% when injecting the improved 6.3 g concentration in a volume of 0.1 ml compared to injecting the improved 3.15 g concentration in a volume of 0.2 ml, which provides the same dose of penicillin G.     

獭兔脑原虫病的诊断

对发生脑原虫病的獭兔进行尸体剖检和组织病理学检查，尸体剖检发现肾脏有2-4mm灰白色凹陷区，组织病理学检查可见典型的肉芽肿性脑炎及间质性肾炎的变化，这是该病特征性的病理形态学的变化，并在大脑胶质结节内和肾脏髓质见到虫体的剖面。     

松针粉饲喂肉兔的效果研究

本试验通过对生长育肥兔饲喂松针粉的效果观察,结果表明在肉兔日粮中加喂一定数量的松针粉,不影响肉兔的日增重,证明用松针粉饲喂肉兔是可行的。