Comparison of a rebound and an applanation tonometer for measuring intraocular pressure in normal rabbits

Objective To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements made on healthy adult rabbits without the effect of tranquilizers using the new applanation tonometer, Tono‐Pen Avia^®, and the rebound tonometer Tonovet^®. Methods Intraocular pressure was measured throughout the day (6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, and 18:00 h) in 38 adult New Zealand White rabbits (76 eyes). The animals were 20 males and 18 females, with a mean weight of 3.5 kg and an average age of 6 months. A complete ocular exam (including Schirmer tear test, fluorescein staining, slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, and direct ophthalmoscopy) was performed on all animals at the beginning of the trial. Rebound tonometry was performed, and after 10 min, anesthetic drops were instilled and applanation tonometry was carried out. IOP values obtained using the two techniques were analyzed statistically. Results The mean IOP was 9.51 ± 2.62 mmHg with Tonovet^®, and 15.44 ± 2.16 mmHg with the Tono‐Pen Avia^®. Significant differences between measurements with the two tonometers were observed (P < 0.001). The linear regression equation describing the relationship between the two tonometers was y = 0.4923x + 10.754 (y = Tonovet^® and x = Tono‐Pen Avia^®). High IOPs were recorded in the early measurements (6:00), but the average IOPs from both devices were statistically similar throughout the day (P = 0.086). The correlation coefficient was r² = 0.357. No significant difference in IOP regarding gender was observed. Conclusion The Tono‐Pen Avia^® recorded higher levels of IOP compared with the Tonovet^®. Early in the day, the IOP of rabbits was higher than later in the day, regardless of the tonometer used.     

不同饲料添加剂对新西兰白兔生产性能的影响

为了探讨不同饲料添加剂水平的饲粮对新西兰白兔生产性能的影响,试验采用加日龄健康新西兰白兔,按性别对等原则分成4组,试验期为12周.对照组只饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组饲粮中加入适量营养型物质.试验Ⅱ组为中草药添加剂组,试验Ⅲ组为酶制剂、营养型物质和中药添加剂组.测定第3、5、8周各组新西兰白兔的体重、体长和胸围.12周后屠宰,测定其相关生产性能指标,并统计饲料报酬和成活率.结果表明,试验Ⅲ组各项生产性能指标明显高于对照组,且差异显著(P<0.05);与试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组相比各项指标略高,但差异不显著(P>0.05).表明营养型物质、中草药添加剂以及酶制剂在基础饲粮中的适量添加对新西兰白兔的生产性能有明显的促进作用.     

日粮NDF水平对妊娠母兔繁殖性能、血清生化指标及激素的影响

为研究不同中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平日粮对妊娠母兔繁殖性能及血清生化指标和激素的影响,探讨适宜的NDF需要量,将100只体质量相近、胎次和配种日期基本一致的经产新西兰母兔随机分为5组,每组20只,分别饲喂含24%、27%、30%、33%和36%5种NDF水平的日粮。结果表明:日粮NDF水平对妊娠母兔窝产仔数和初生个体质量无显著影响(P0.05),对窝产活仔数、初生窝质量和窝活仔质量影响显著(P0.05),均以30%NDF组最高。30%NDF组血清蛋白质和葡萄糖含量及24%NDF组甘油三酯含量显著高于36%NDF组(P0.05),血清尿素氮和胆固醇浓度不受NDF水平显著影响(P0.05)。随NDF水平升高,血清IGF-1、E2、P4和PRL水平呈先升高后降低趋势,30%NDF组显著高于24%和36%NDF组(P0.05)。综合分析,妊娠母兔日粮最适宜的NDF水平为30%。     

Serological survey of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in farm rabbits in Italy

Rabbit sera (n = 1600) from 40 commercial farms were submitted to a serological screening for Encephalitozoon cuniculi by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a carbon immunoassay (CIA test). Antibodies anti-Encephalitozoon cuniculi were found in 505/1600 (31.6%) sera analysed, and all the farms (100%) resulted positive. Rabbits older than 4 months showed a significantly higher seropositivity for E. cuniculi (chi-squared test: p < 0.0001) than rabbits under 4 months, E. cuniculi sero-prevalence showed an increasing trend in rabbits within the farm along with the increase in the “number of rabbits on the farm”; however, this trend was not significant (Spearman’s correlation: p = 0.073).The findings of the present study confirm that rabbit is the main reservoir of E. cuniculi; they are of epidemiological relevance and immediate public health importance because of the recognized infectivity in humans by the microsporidium.     

ZIKA种母兔饲粮适宜营养水平的研究

连续三年在相同的繁殖季节，使用齐卡Ｎ系母兔１４８只，分别观察测定了四种不同营养水平组合日粮对不同繁殖状态母兔繁殖能力的影响。结果表明：在延期繁殖（母兔断奶后再配种）条件下，不同能量、蛋白水平对母兔繁殖性能的影响差异不显著（Ｐ＞０。０５），但中能高蛋白（ＤＥ１０．８８兆焦／公斤、ＣＰ１９％）的第３组日粮略胜于其它组合。由此得出，在引延期繁殖的ＺＩＫＡ能繁母兔，适宜的营养水平为：消化能（ＤＥ）１０兆焦／公斤，粗蛋白（ＣＰ）１９％，粗纤维（ＣＦ）１０％。在母兔进行半频密繁殖（母兔产后第１４天开始配种）情况下，高能高蛋白（ＣＤＥ１２．１３兆焦／公斤、ＣＰ１９％）饲粮对提高繁殖性能的效果明显优于高能低蛋（ＤＥ１２．１３兆焦／公斤，ＣＰ１５％）和低能低蛋白（ＤＥ１０．８８兆焦／公斤）和ＣＰ１５％）饲粮（Ｐ＜０．０５），尤其对提高母兔泌乳力效果明显（Ｐ＜０；０１），因此，实行频密（产后立即配种）或半频密繁殖的母兔，适宜营养水平为消化能１２兆焦繁殖的母兔，适宜营养水平为消化能１２兆焦／公斤，粗蛋白１９％，粗纤维９－１２％．     

中草药饲料添加剂对獭兔生产性能的影响

选用健康关系獭兔60只,按性别对等原则分成6组,在基础饲粮中分别添加不同比例的中草药添加剂。探讨中草药添加剂对獭兔生产性能的影响。结果显示：中草药添加剂对獭兔平均日增重、体长和皮张面积三个性状有显著的促进作用,以中草药添加量为1．2％时,獭兔增重最快,比对照组提高了18％,且差异显著（P〈0．05）。     

斯氏艾美耳球虫ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2序列的克隆及PCR检测方法的建立

通过对多种鸡球虫和松鼠球虫18SrRNA和28SrRNA进行序列比对分析,在18SrRNA 3′端和28SrRNA 5′端保守区设计艾美耳属通用引物,以斯氏艾美耳球虫洛阳分离株LY卵囊基因组DNA为模板首次成功克隆到斯氏艾美耳球虫完整的ITS1-5.8SrRNA-ITS2序列,其大小为1 178bp,其中ITS1序列长度为423bp,5.8SrRNA为155bp,ITS2为600bp,斯氏艾美耳球虫LY株ITS1/2序列高度变异,与鸡球虫、啮齿动物球虫的序列相似性低于60%。然后在斯氏艾美耳球虫ITS1/2序列超变区设计种特异引物,建立了灵敏、特异的PCR检测方法。本研究结果将为兔球虫强致病种的临床诊断和揭示兔球虫种群遗传特征提供有效的分子工具。     

环境温度和饲粮营养浓度对生长期母兔代谢能利用率的影响

选用6只9周龄新西兰母兔,评定环境温度和饲粮营养浓度对生长期母兔代谢能利用率的影响。试验在密闭式的小动物呼吸测热柜中进行。分别对处于环境温度为20±2℃和30±2℃,采食两种不同营养浓度的试兔进行测试。饲粮营养水平实测值,分别为12.22kJ ME/g和13.49kJ ME/g;粗蛋白质(CP)分别为17.3％和21.6％;中性洗涤纤维(NDF)分别为23.7％和16.5％。结果表明:环境温度影响试兔的能量平衡,它与采食量间存在着显著的相关。20±2℃时,相关系数r=0.798;30±2℃时,相关系数r=0.875。在本试验设计范围内,饲粮营养浓度并不影响代谢能食入量(ME_I),热增耗(HP)和能量平衡(EB)。当环境温度为20±2℃和30±2℃时,表观代谢能转化率(NE/ME)分别为51％和71％;每天每兔每千克代谢体重代谢能维持需要分别为396 kJ和361 kJ。试验结果认为:环境温度影响营养物质消化率(P相似文献   

Effects of Compound Chinese Medicine on Growth Performance,Nutrients Apparent Digestibility,Immune Function and Slaughter Performance of Weaning Rex Rabbits

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different levels of compound Chinese medicine on growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,immune function and slaughter performance of weaning Rex rabbits.70 healthy Rex rabbits at age of 60 days were divided into 7 groups with 5 replicates per group and 2 rabbits per replicate.Group Ⅰ was fed with basic diet as control group,group Ⅱ was fed the basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (contains 50 mg/kg milligrams bacitracin zinc,10 mg/kg colistin sulfate).The other five groups (Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ and Ⅶ) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1%,2%,3%,4%,5% compound Chinese medicine,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and the trial period lasted for 45 days.The results showed as follows:①The ADG in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P< 0.05),the F/G in group Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in other groups (P< 0.05).②The apparent digestibility of DM in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰand Ⅱ (P< 0.05),the apparent digestibility of DM in group Ⅶ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of CF in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.01),the apparent digestibility of CF in group Ⅶ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of NDF in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.01),and significantly higher than that in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ and Ⅶ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of ADF in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅴ and Ⅶ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of CP in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P< 0.05).③ There were no significant differences in the contents of IgG,IgA and IgM of serum among all groups (P> 0.05),the spleen index in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅴ (P< 0.05).④There were no significant differences in the slaughter rate,half eviscerated slaughter rate and all eviscerated slaughter rate among all groups (P> 0.05).In summary,adding compound Chinese medicine and antibiotics in the feed both could improve the growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,immune function and slaughter performance of weaning Rex rabbits,and the appropriate compound Chinese medicine level in the diet of weaning Rex rabbits was 2%.     

中国古代养兔发展史

从化石和历史文献角度概述了我国古今存在的兔种,分析了我国家兔起源驯化过程,并通过历代对兔的记载纵观我国养兔发展,为我国家兔起源及驯化历史提供一定参考依据。