獭兔毛密度变化及毛囊分化研究

为了了解獭兔在不同月龄毛囊和毛密度的变化,选择1～7月龄的獭兔为研究对象,通过活体取样,Sacpic法染色,对不同阶段切片进行观察统计,结果表明:毛密度在1～3月龄处于平台期,无显著变化(P0.05);4～7月龄毛密度处于一个波形变动期,其中通过切片观察5～7月龄为全休止期;4～6月龄为换毛期。本研究摸清了毛密度的变化趋势、变化阶段、各阶段毛囊群特点,为獭兔取皮时间的确定及提高毛密度的研究提供理论支撑。     

小剂量砷化物对实验兔生长和繁殖性能的影响

为研究As2O3对实验兔生长和繁殖性能的影响,选择年龄和体重相近的40只实验兔(32只母兔,8只公兔)随机分成4组.对照组饲喂不含As2O3的基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组分别饲喂含As2O3 0.5mg/kg、1.0mg/kg和1.5mg/kg的日粮.生长发育和繁殖性能的测定结果显示,试验Ⅰ组与对照组相比,差异不显著(P＞0.05),试验Ⅱ组性能表现优于对照组,差异显著(P＜0.05),试验Ⅲ组出现中毒症状.本实验表明,适量的As2O3对实验兔生长和繁殖具有促进作用.     

獭兔日粮中添加酶制剂的效果

以９０只生长獭兔为试验动物,研究日粮中添加酸性蛋白酶（Ｐ）和纤维素酶（Ｃ）对日增重、屠宰性能、产品品质的影响,并对经济效益进行分析。结果表明：日粮中添加０．７５％和１．５％的纤维素酶后日增重分别比对照组提高１６．８８％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和２０．５５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）;添加０．７５％Ｐ＋０．７５％Ｃ和０．７５％Ｐ＋１．５％Ｃ后日增重分别比对照组提高１７．６２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和２２．８２％（Ｐ＜０．０１）;各试验组间无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）;单独添加纤维素酶和同时添加两种酶制剂,对屠宰性能、产品质量无明显影响（Ｐ０．０５）;经济效益以添加０．７５％Ｐ＋１．５％Ｃ为最好,每千克增重较对照组降低成本１．６８元。     

维生素A、E对獭兔繁殖性能的影响

将 2 8只繁殖獭兔随机均分 2组 ,基础日粮相同 ,但试验组在配种前 3天妊娠第 7天于日粮中添加VA8mg/kg、VE10 0mg/kg。结果与对照组相比 :试验组产活仔数提高了 2 0 2 3 %(P <0 0 5 ) ,育成率提高了 6 5 8%(P <0 0 5 ) ,增重速度提高 7 11%(P <0 0 5 )。     

Effects of cattle grazing on ecology and habitat of Columbia Basin pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis)

Dramatic declines in the endangered Columbia Basin pygmy rabbit, a genetically unique population of small, burrowing rabbits in Northwestern United States, are likely the combined results of habitat degradation and fragmentation, disease, and predation. A critical component of pygmy rabbit habitat includes big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata), which constitutes 82-99% of their winter diet and 10-50% of their summer diet. Sagebrush also forms the bulk of hiding cover around burrow sites. Across the range of pygmy rabbits, sagebrush habitat is grazed extensively by cattle. However, grazing has unknown effects on pygmy rabbits inhabiting the remaining, fragmented shrub-steppe habitat. We evaluated the effects of four grazing treatments on the distribution of pygmy rabbit burrows, diets of pygmy rabbits, and quality and quantity of vegetation at Sagebrush Flat in central Washington. Ungrazed areas contained significantly more burrows per unit area than did grazed areas. Vegetation composition and structure differed little among treatments in early summer before annual grazing by cattle. However, cattle grazing in late summer through winter removed about 50% of the grass cover, and reduced the nutritional quality (e.g., increased fiber and decreased protein) of the remaining grass. Although pygmy rabbits ate <2% grasses in winter, grasses and forbs comprised 53% of late summer diets. Because these endangered rabbits avoided grazed areas, removing cattle grazing from key habitat locations may benefit efforts to restore this rabbit in Washington.     

Effects of Compound Chinese Medicine on Growth Performance,Nutrients Apparent Digestibility,Immune Function and Slaughter Performance of Weaning Rex Rabbits

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different levels of compound Chinese medicine on growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,immune function and slaughter performance of weaning Rex rabbits.70 healthy Rex rabbits at age of 60 days were divided into 7 groups with 5 replicates per group and 2 rabbits per replicate.Group Ⅰ was fed with basic diet as control group,group Ⅱ was fed the basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (contains 50 mg/kg milligrams bacitracin zinc,10 mg/kg colistin sulfate).The other five groups (Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ and Ⅶ) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1%,2%,3%,4%,5% compound Chinese medicine,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and the trial period lasted for 45 days.The results showed as follows:①The ADG in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P< 0.05),the F/G in group Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in other groups (P< 0.05).②The apparent digestibility of DM in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰand Ⅱ (P< 0.05),the apparent digestibility of DM in group Ⅶ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of CF in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.01),the apparent digestibility of CF in group Ⅶ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of NDF in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.01),and significantly higher than that in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ and Ⅶ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of ADF in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅴ and Ⅶ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of CP in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P< 0.05).③ There were no significant differences in the contents of IgG,IgA and IgM of serum among all groups (P> 0.05),the spleen index in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅴ (P< 0.05).④There were no significant differences in the slaughter rate,half eviscerated slaughter rate and all eviscerated slaughter rate among all groups (P> 0.05).In summary,adding compound Chinese medicine and antibiotics in the feed both could improve the growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,immune function and slaughter performance of weaning Rex rabbits,and the appropriate compound Chinese medicine level in the diet of weaning Rex rabbits was 2%.     

饲粮能量水平对42 d繁殖模式下獭兔繁殖性能、体重变化及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮能量水平对42 d繁殖模式下獭兔繁殖性能、体重变化及血清生化指标的影响.试验选用平均体重为(3.56±0.17) kg的经产獭兔150只,随机分成3组,每组50个重复,每个重复1只.采用42 d繁殖模式,分别饲喂消化能水平为9.2、9.7和10.2 MJ/kg的试验饲粮.试验连续进行3胎.结果表明:1)饲粮能量水平极显著影响母兔泌乳力(P=0.0062)、第1胎产后体重(P=0.002 1)和仔兔断奶窝重(P=0.000 6);显著影响第1胎(P=0.047 5)和第3胎(P=0.030 2)母兔泌乳期第21天体重.2)饲粮能量水平极显著影响血清肌酸激酶(P=0.001 5)活性和甘油三酯(P=0.001 3)含量,显著影响高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(P=0.036 8)、总胆固醇(P=0.047 6)和胰岛素含量(P=0.015 9),对其他血清生化指标无显著影响(P＞0.05).由此可见,42 d繁殖模式下獭兔适宜饲粮消化能水平为10.2 MJ/kg.     

中国古代养兔发展史

从化石和历史文献角度概述了我国古今存在的兔种,分析了我国家兔起源驯化过程,并通过历代对兔的记载纵观我国养兔发展,为我国家兔起源及驯化历史提供一定参考依据。     

饲粮半胱氨酸水平对獭兔生产性能和SLC1A4基因表达的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中半胱氨酸含量对獭兔生长性能、毛皮品质和SLC1A4基因表达的影响。选取90日龄健康獭兔144只,随机分为4组(每组36个重复,每个重复1只)。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(半胱氨酸含量为0.25%),试验组饲喂半胱氨酸含量分别为0.60%、0.70%和0.80%的试验饲粮(在基础饲粮中分别添加0.35%、0.45%和0.55%半胱氨酸)。预饲期7d,正饲期40d。试验期间每隔10d,每组随机屠宰4只獭兔,取样测定皮毛品质和SLC1A4基因表达。结果表明:(1)饲粮半胱氨酸水平为0.70%的试验组末重和平均日增重显著提高(P0.05);料重比显著降低(P0.05);四个组间平均日采食量差异不显著(P0.05)。(2)饲粮半胱氨酸水平为0.60%和0.70%的试验组饲喂到130日龄时皮张面积显著增大(P0.05);三个试验组獭兔在100日龄时被毛密度均显著大于对照组(P0.05);半胱氨酸水平为0.70%的试验组被毛密度在130日龄时显著大于其他三个组(P0.05);半胱氨酸对獭兔皮张厚度无显著性影响(P0.05)。(3)饲粮半胱氨酸含量对獭兔皮肤、肝脏和十二指肠组织中SLC1A4基因的表达量影响极显著(P0.01)。SLC1A4基因的表达量均呈现先增高后降低的趋势,饲粮中半胱氨酸水平为0.70%的试验组达到最高值。这一趋势在皮肤组织中、肝脏和十二指肠组织中分别于110日龄和100日龄时表现得较为显著。由此可见,獭兔饲粮中半胱氨酸的最优水平为0.70%,且在110日龄前使用效果最佳。     

不同Zn源及水平对肉兔生长性能和组织Zn沉积的影响

为了研究不同水平ZnSO4和Met-Zn对家兔生产性能及组织Zn沉积的影响,选用2.5月龄布列塔尼亚肉兔120只,随机分成10组,基础日粮中分别以ZnSO4和Met-Zn形式添加70、105、140、1752、10 mg/kgZn,预试期7 d,正试期30 d。结果表明,在Zn添加量为70~140 mg/kg时,Met-Zn对家兔生产性能的影响优于ZnSO4。日粮Zn含量在70~210 mg/kg时,肉兔肝脏、肾脏、脾脏及背最长肌的Zn含量不呈现明显的变化趋势。