基于ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2序列兔肝球虫PCR检测方法的建立

通过对多种鸡球虫和松鼠球虫18S rRNA和28S rRNA进行序列比对分析,在18S rRNA 3’端和28S rRNA 5’端保守区设计艾美耳属通用引物,以斯氏艾美耳球虫洛阳分离株LY卵囊基因组DNA为模板首次成功克隆到斯氏艾美耳球虫完整的ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2序列,其大小为1178bp,其中ITS1序列长度为423bp,5.8S rRNA为155 bp,ITS2为600 bp,斯氏艾美耳球虫LY株ITS1/2序列高度变异,与鸡球虫、啮齿动物球虫的序列同源性低于60%。然后在斯氏艾美耳球虫ITS1/2序列超变区设计种特异引物,建立了灵敏、特异的PCR检测方法。本研究结果将为兔球虫强致病种的临床诊断和揭示兔球虫种群遗传特征提供有效的分子工具。     

饲粮蛋白质水平对生长獭兔生长性能、氮代谢以及血清指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮蛋白质水平对生长獭兔生长性能、氮代谢、小肠蛋白酶活性、血清生化指标以及血清激素指标的影响。选用平均体重为(620±30)g的断奶仔獭兔200只,随机分为5组(每组40个重复,每个重复1只),分别饲喂蛋白质水平为14.5%、16.0%、17.5%、19.0%、20.5%的试验饲粮,预试期为7 d,正试期为53 d。结果表明:饲粮蛋白质水平对平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比、食入氮、沉积氮和可消化氮有显著或极显著影响(P<0.05或P<0.01),对粪氮、尿氮、氮表观消化率、氮生物利用率和氮利用率无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲粮蛋白质水平除显著影响血清球蛋白含量(P<0.05)外,对其他血清生化指标(总蛋白、白蛋白、胆固醇、尿素氮含量以及白球比)的影响不显著(P>0.05)。此外,饲粮蛋白质水平对小肠糜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活性以及血清生长激素、胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子-1水平亦无显著影响(P>0.05)。由此得出,饲粮适宜的蛋白质水平能提高生长獭兔的平均日增重、平均日采食量,并能降低料重比,提高氮的利用效率,但对小肠蛋白酶活性以及血清指标的影响不大。以料重比、沉积氮为衡量指标,通过非线性回归模型估测得出生长獭兔饲粮适宜蛋白质水平分别为18.51%和19.45%。     

大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子对獭兔氮平衡和养分消化率的影响

试验选择（63±4）日龄、平均体重为（1150.5±124.0） g的健康美系獭兔20只,随机分为5组,每组4只兔,公母各半。试验日粮分别含有25%生大豆、25%化学钝化大豆、25%热处理大豆、25%豆粕和13%生大豆+12%豆粕。胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量（实测值）分别为6.55、 1.99、1.73、 0.81和3.97 mg/g。试验结果表明,25%生大豆组显著降低饲料氮表观消化率（P<0.05）,显著增加粪氮排出（P<0.05）,对尿氮无显著影响;化学钝化、热处理及生大豆+豆粕组粪氮、氮消化率同豆粕组间无显著差异（P>0.05）。饲料干物质、有机物质、无氮浸出物、粗脂肪、粗纤维表观消化率5组间无显著差异（P>0.05）。     

温阳强心方对兔慢性充血性心力衰竭 细胞凋亡及心脏结构的影响

目的探讨温阳强心方对兔慢性充血性心力衰竭模型心脏结构、功能以及细胞凋亡的影响、方法将50只 兔随机抽取10只为正常组,其余40只予以阿霉素静脉注射建立心力衰竭模型〔造模结束后行心脏彩超检查,根据心 功能分层再随机分为4组:慢性充血性心力衰竭(CHF)模型组、卡托普利组、轻剂温阳强心方组及重剂温阳强心方组、 各组分别予以相应药物灌胃治疗,正常组和CHF模型组以等量的蒸馏水灌胃,每天1次,连续4周、实验结束时比较 各组心脏结构和功能以及心肌细胞凋亡阳性面密度比值的变化、结果与CHF模型组比较,温阳强心方能升高心衰家 兔LVEF , LVFB , E/A (P<0.01),降低IVB, LVPW(P<0.01),降低心肌细胞凋亡阳性面密度比值,差异有统计学意义(P< 0.05 ),且重剂量组疗效优于轻剂量组、结论温阳强心方能改善阿霉素所致兔慢性充血性心力衰竭模型的心功能,抑 制细胞凋亡和心室重构.且重剂量组疗效优于轻剂量组、     

Construction of a New Zealand rabbit model of diabetic nephropathy

AIM: To establish a method to produce animal model of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in New Zealand rabbits using alloxan (ALX). METHODS: Twenty male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups: 8 rabbits in control group were fed with conventional feed such as buffer solution;12 in diabetes milleuts (DM) group were fed with high-sugar and high-fat diet (conventional feed plus 5% sucrose, 5% pork fat and 1% cholesterol) for 2 weeks, then intravenous injection of ALX at 50 mg/kg was given, and another dosage of 100 mg/kg ALX was intravenously injected after 48 h. The levels of blood glucose, blood cholesterol, triglyceride, urine microalbumin, and serum creatinine were detected before and 12 weeks after the processes of modeling. After 12 weeks, the rabbits were sacrificed,and the kidneys were taken for pathological examination. RESULTS: The successful model of DN in the rabbits had the characteristics of high blood glucose, abundant urine microalbumin (P<0.01), and corresponding morphological and functional changes of the kidneys. CONCLUSION: Rabbits with high-sugar and high-fat diet plus twice intravenous injection of ALX at a total dose of 150 mg/kg (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively) shows low mortality and stable diabetes mellitus state. This method induces a typical DN model in 12 weeks.     

铜、锰对断奶獭兔生产性能和血清生化指标的影响

通过测定断奶獭兔生产性能及血清生化指标,研究铜和锰的适宜添加组合。选择192只30日龄断奶的幼龄獭兔,按照L16(45)正交试验设计方案,分为16个处理组。预饲期7d,正式期60d。结果表明,铜、锰的不同添加组合对前期平均日采食量(ADI)、平均日增质量(ADG)及料重比(F/G)均无显著影响(P>0.05)。对照组全期ADG显著高于处理组10(Cu 150+Mn 35)、14(Cu 225+Mn 35),分别高16.73%、11.72%。除处理组5(Cu 75+Mn 0)外,其他各处理组F/G差异不显著(P>0.05)。各处理血清中的IgG质量浓度差异不显著(P>0.05)。除处理组5(Cu 75+Mn 0)外,其他各处理组的IgM显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。各处理血清中的CnZn-SOD、Mn-SOD活性及CP质量浓度差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,基础日粮的铜和锰基本上能满足机体的需要,无需额外添加,即Cu 0+Mn 0为最好的添加组合。     

Effect of protein level and flushing method on the reproductive performance of rabbits

Fifty‐five New Zealand white × California cross‐bred female rabbits were used to study the effect of protein level and flushing method on the reproductive performance of rabbits. The treatments consisted of three protein diets (18, 20 and 24% crude protein (CP)) and three flushing methods in a 3 × 3 factorial design. The flushing methods consisted of (i) flushing multiparous does and feeding a 16% CP diet during pregnancy; (ii) flushing multiparous does and feeding an 18% CP diet during pregnancy; and (iii) flushing nulliparous does and feeding an 18% CP diet during pregnancy. Flushing rabbits with different levels of protein did not significantly affect gestation length, litter size and mortality of kits. The trend showed an increase in litter weight with the increase in protein level from 18 to 24%. However, kits from does flushed with 24% CP had a higher individual kit weight gain than those on 20 and 18% CP. Gestation length, total litter size at birth, number of kits dead at birth and number of kits dead at 21 days post‐partum were not affected by flushing methods. There was, however, a significant effect of the flushing method on the number of kits alive at birth, and 7, 14 and 21 days post‐partum. Nulliparous does flushed and maintained on 18% CP during pregnancy had a significantly higher number of kits alive at birth, and 7, 14 and 21 days post‐partum. Litter weight was significantly higher for nulliparous does at 7, 14 and 21 days compared with that of multiparous does flushed and placed on a 16 or 18% CP diet during pregnancy. Protein intake during pregnancy had a significant effect on litter birthweight. Nulliparous and multiparous does flushed and placed on an 18% CP diet during pregnancy had a significantly higher litter birthweight than multiparous does flushed and placed on a 16% CP diet during pregnancy. The effect of protein level during pregnancy on the number of kits alive at birth was not significant. There was no interaction between protein level and flushing method on the reproductive performance of rabbits.     

桔梗的“引经”作用对氟苯尼考药动学的影响

20只新西兰白兔随机均分成2组(A、B组),A组单剂量1次灌胃内服氟苯尼考30 mg/kg;B组氟苯尼考30mg/kg与桔梗煎液2 g/kg单荆量1次同时灌胃内服给药;采用高效液相色谱法测定血药浓度,血药浓度最低检测限为0.05 mg/L,以3p97药代动力学程序和SPSSl2.0统计分析软件对所得数据进行分析.结果,药-时数据均符合一级吸收一室开放模型(W=1/C2),主要药代动力学参数及拟合方程如下.A组:T1/2ka(0.461±0.066)h,T1/2kc(2.013±0.195)h,Tpeak(1.180±0.123)h,Cmax(7.332±1.000)mg/L,AUC(31.445±3.566)mg·h-1·L-1,V/F(2.995±0.330)L/kg,拟合方程为:C=19.833(e-0.396t-e-2.387t);B组;T1/2ka(0.550±0.112)h,T1/2ke(3.308±0.270)h,Tpeak(1.414±0.183)h,Cmax(4.737±0.360)mg·L-1,AUC(23.128±2.096)mg·h-1·L-1,V/F(1.400±0.127)L/kg,拟合方程为:C-11.021(e-0.342t-e-10860t).结果表明,桔梗与氟苯尼考同时灌胃内服后,桔梗的"引经"对氟苯尼考在家兔体内药物代谢有较大影响.     

獭兔小肠组织形态发育规律研究

对相同条件下饲养的不同生长阶段(出生、1周龄、2周龄、3周龄4、周龄、5周龄、6周龄、8周龄、12周龄、成年)獭兔进行屠宰,观察测定肠道绒毛和腺窝变化,以研究獭兔消化组织形态的发育规律。结果表明:獭兔小肠绒毛长度随周龄的增加而增加。断奶刺激降低绒毛长度,但断奶1周后基本恢复。石蜡切片观察发现獭兔小肠绒毛形态为指状。     

阿维菌素微囊在家兔体内的药动学研究

为了考察阿维菌素微囊在家免体内的药动学行为,将10只家兔随机分为2组,皮下注射阿维菌素微囊注射液（1．0mg／kg）和普通阿维菌素注射液（0．2mg／kg）,用高效液湘色谱法测定家兔血浆中阿维菌素的浓度,3P87药动学软件处理血浆药物浓度-时间数据。研究结果表明,阿维菌素微囊注射液和普通阿维菌素注射液药-时数据都符合一级吸收二室开放模型,阿维菌素微囊注射液的主要动力学参数分别是t1/2kα=21．72h;t1/2α=56．65h;t1／2β=239．43h;tmax=63．05h;Cmax=34．30ng／mL;AUC=11573．88ng／mL·h。普通阿维菌素注射液的主要动力学参数分别是t1/2kα=7．38h;t1/2α=14．59h;t1／2β=32．84h;tmax=19．78h;Cmax=20．88ng／mL;AUC=1482．04ng／mL·h。说明阿维菌素微囊化后。与普通阿维菌素注射泣相比,吸收慢,消除慢,作用时间长．生物利用度显著提高。