家兔氟乙酰胺中毒的血清生化指标变化

把 2 0只健康家兔随机分成 4组 ,第 组为对照组 ,正常饲喂 ,第 、 及 组作为中毒试验组 ,分别经口灌服 1 .5mg/ kg、2 .0 mg/ kg、1 0 .0 mg/ kg体重的氟乙酰胺溶液 ( 56 .8mg/m L) ;各中毒组家兔死亡前从心脏采取血样 ,未死亡家兔和对照组家兔在实验第 3天从心脏采取血样 ,测定血清中 AST、AL T、CK、L DH活力和 CRE、Urea含量。结果显示 :血清中 AST、AL T、CK、L DH活力明显升高 ( P <0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1 ) ; 组家兔血清 Urea含量显著升高 ( P<0 .0 5) , 、 组与对照组差异极显著 ( P <0 .0 1 ) ;各中毒组家兔血清 CRE含量也有不同程度升高 ,但只有 组与对照组有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 5)。实验说明家兔氟乙酰胺中毒后心脏、肝脏、肾脏等组织器官受到损伤     

白色獭兔R新品系主要经济性状的遗传响应分析和遗传参数估测研究

对白色獭免R新品系选育群各世代间的选择进展进行了遗传响应分析，并估测了其主要经济性状的遗传参数。     

饲粮碘添加水平对獭兔氮代谢、血液成分及内脏器官发育的影响

为研究饲粮碘添加水平对獭兔氮代谢、血液成分及内脏器官发育的影响,试验选用体重相近的3月龄獭兔200只,随机分为5组(每组40个重复,每个重复1只试验兔),分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6 mg/kg碘(碘的添加形式为碘化钾)的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期53 d。结果表明:饲粮不同碘水平对獭兔的沉积氮(RN)有显著影响(P < 0.05),并且添加水平为0.8 mg/kg时达到最大值。饲粮碘的添加水平对獭兔血液中促甲状腺激素(TSH)、四碘甲腺原氨酸(T4)、游离态的四碘甲腺原氨酸(FT4)、三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)有显著的影响(P < 0.05),并分别在添加水平为0.4、0.8、0.8 mg/kg和0.8 mg/kg时达到最大值。另外,饲粮不同碘水平对獭兔的内脏器官发育和脂肪沉积无显著影响(P> 0.05)。综合本试验测定指标,3~5月龄生长獭兔饲粮适宜的碘添加水平为0.8 mg/kg(饲粮中碘的实测值为0.92 mg/kg)。     

海狸色獭兔与白色獭兔杂交试验研究

为了探索用白色獭兔快速生产优质海狸色獭兔皮的繁育模式,开展了海狸色獭兔与白色獭兔杂交试验。配种组合为海狸色公兔×海狸色母兔(试验1组),白色公兔×白色母兔(试验2组)和海狸色公兔×白色母兔(试验3组)。3组后代进行生长发育和皮毛质量测定。结果表明:杂种的生长速度最高,料肉比最低;杂种海狸色较纯种海狸色獭兔的被毛密度、毛丛长度均高,枪毛比例在海狸色与白色獭兔之间;用海狸色公兔与白色母兔进行杂交是快速生产海狸色獭兔皮张的较佳繁育模式。     

呕吐毒素对母兔繁殖性能的影响

本试验旨在评价日粮中呕吐毒素对母兔性能的影响。选择12月龄新西兰空怀经产母兔100只,随机分为5组,每组20只,分别饲喂呕吐毒素含量为100μg/kg、300μg/kg、400μg/kg、700μg/kg、900μg/kg的日粮,评估其对母兔繁殖性能的影响。结果显示,随着日粮中呕吐毒素含量的升高,会造成母兔流产率升高;产仔数、产活仔数、初生个体重均出现显著下降。结果表明,母兔对呕吐毒素是非常敏感的,日粮中呕吐毒素含量达到700μg/kg时,母兔繁殖性能发生显著下降,建议母兔日粮中呕吐毒素控制在700μg/kg内。     

两种伊维菌素注射液在家兔体内的生物等效性研究

为评价两种伊维菌素注射液在家兔体内的生物等效性,采用双周期交叉给药方式,将16只健康家兔随机分成2组,按5 mg/kg体重皮下单剂量注射两种伊维菌素注射液,使用HPLC法测定血浆中的伊维菌素,利用3P97药动软件计算主要药动学参数。结果显示,受试制剂和参比制剂的T_(max)分别为(26.45±8.62)h,(22.33±11.72)h;Cmax分别为(182.73±59.27)ng/m L,(166.77±65.25)ng/m L;AUC_(0-t)分别为(21122±9999)ng·h·L~(-1),(19475±7009)ng·h·L~(-1);AUC_(0-∞)分别为(27390±12197)ng·h·L~(-1),(31559±13412)ng·h·L~(-1)。伊维菌素注射液受试制剂与参比制剂的AUC0-t、AUC0-∞、Cmax、Tmax均无显著性差异(P0.05),双单侧t检验结果显示两种制剂生物等效,可为兽医临床给药方案的制定以及合理用药提供参考。     

断奶日龄对肉兔肠道发育的影响

本试验旨在研究断奶日龄对肉兔肠道发育的影响。试验选择初生肉兔120窝,随机分成4组,每组30窝,分别在出生后21、25、28和35日龄断奶,试验期56 d。结果表明:1)断奶日龄对肉兔28和35日龄胃、小肠和盲肠重有显著或极显著影响(P0.05或P0.01),随着断奶日龄延后呈增加趋势,断奶日龄对49和56日龄各消化器官重和各日龄小肠长度无显著影响(P0.05);2)断奶日龄对十二指肠(28、35和49日龄)、空肠(28、35、42和49日龄)和回肠绒毛高度(28、35、42和49日龄)有显著或极显著影响(P0.05或P0.01),随着断奶日龄延后呈先增加后降低趋势,而对56日龄各肠段绒毛高度无显著影响(P0.05),肉兔断奶后绒毛高度需要2~3周才能恢复,21日龄断奶组恢复最慢,35日龄断奶组恢复最快;3)断奶日龄对十二指肠(28和35日龄)、空肠(28、35和42日龄)和回肠隐窝深度(35日龄)有显著影响(P0.05),随着断奶日龄延后呈降低趋势,而对49和56日龄各肠段隐窝深度无显著影响(P0.05);4)断奶日龄对28和35日龄十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度有极显著影响(P0.01),随着断奶日龄延后呈增加趋势,而对56日龄各肠段空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度无显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,断奶日龄对肉兔肠道49日龄前发育影响较大,对49日龄后影响变小;早期断奶降低了小肠黏膜绒毛高度,增加了隐窝深度;随断奶日龄延后,断奶造成的肉兔小肠黏膜受损程度减轻,断奶后一般需要2~3周才能恢复小肠黏膜结构。     

改良低温螯合法分离家兔小肠绒毛和隐窝细胞及分离效果鉴定

本试验旨在研究家兔小肠绒毛和隐窝细胞的分离方法,为深入研究小肠上皮结构与功能提供体外模型。试验以新西兰白兔为试验材料,在不同螯合剂浓度[5、10、15、20、25 mmol/L乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)]和螯合温度(4、25℃)下分离小肠绒毛和隐窝细胞,检测所分离细胞团的产量、形态、细胞活率、完整性。结果表明:1)各螯合条件下分离的绒毛和隐窝细胞形态完整,基因组DNA与总RNA完整;2)螯合温度越高且EDTA浓度越大时,细胞富集率越高,但对细胞毒害作用也越强,4℃、5 mmol/L EDTA条件下绒毛和隐窝细胞富集率分别为7.75%和1.01%,绒毛相对完整率和隐窝细胞相对活率分别为91.67%和93.48%;25℃、25 mmol/L EDTA条件下绒毛和隐窝细胞富集率则分别高达17.89%和4.99%,但绒毛相对完整率和隐窝细胞相对活率仅为4.25%和5.17%;3)综合分析后确定,4℃、10 mmol/L EDTA条件下分离效果最佳;4)在最佳条件下所分离隐窝富集物的溶菌酶和α-防御素的相对表达量极显著高于绒毛富集物(P0.01),显示细胞纯度较高;且隐窝细胞经培养9 h后溶菌酶和α-防御素的相对表达量未发生显著变化(P0.05),显示细胞依然具有较高活力。由此可见,改良的低温螯合法适用于家兔小肠绒毛和隐窝细胞的高效分离。     

Effects of propofol on ultrasonic indicators of haemodynamic function in rabbits

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cardiovascular effects of intravenous propofol in rabbits. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, prospective, experimental study. ANIMALS: Thirty-one female New Zealand White rabbits. METHODS: Rabbits were allocated to one of two groups [propofol (P) or conscious (C)]. In C (n = 16) vascular dimensions were measured using ultrasound of the left common carotid artery (ACC) and the abdominal aorta (AA). Group P (n = 15) received propofol 4.0-8.0 mg kg(-1) intravenously (IV). Anaesthesia was maintained with propofol at 1.2-1.3 mg kg(-1) minute(-1). Subsequently, three propofol injections (8 mg kg(-1)) were given. Before and for 10 minutes after each injection the following vascular and haemodynamic variables were recorded (a) at the ACC after the first injection; and (b) at the AA after the second injection: vessel diameter [D, (mm)], peak systolic, minimum diastolic, end-diastolic and average blood flow velocities [psBFV, mdBFV, edBFV, Vave (cm second(-1))], average volumetric flow [VFave (mL s(-1))], resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) and end-tidal CO(2) (Pe'CO(2)). Echocardiography was performed after the third propofol bolus injection to investigate changes in cardiac parameters [fractional shortening, FS (%)]. RESULTS: Intravenous propofol injections caused a significant decrease in vessel diameter, volumetric flow and edBFV, and significant increases in psBFV, RI and PI. Baseline levels for vessel diameter and psBFV were restored 6-8 minutes after injection. Propofol injection decreased FS significantly by 7 minutes after injection while MAP and HR were significantly reduced for 4 minutes. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Injections of propofol (8 mg kg(-1)) produced an immediate, transient decrease in vascular diameters, a significant decrease in ventricular performance and an increase in peripheral vascular resistance (ACC and AA). Propofol should probably not be or only carefully used in rabbits with ventricular dysfunction.     

Responses of growing rabbits to supplementing diet with a mixture of black and red pepper oils as a natural growth promoter

The current study was explored to examine the impacts of dietary inclusion of mixture of black (BPO) and red pepper (RPO) oils as growth promoters on growth, carcass, blood haematology, serum chemistry, immunity and antioxidative status of New Zealand White rabbits (NZW). A number total of 100 5‐week‐old NZW growing weaned rabbits were randomly allocated into four treatment groups in a complete randomized experiment. The dietary treatment groups were as follows: control: basal diet; BRP0.5: basal diet + 0.25 g BPO + 0.25 g RPO/kg diet; BRP1.0: basal diet + 0.50 g BPO + 0.50 g RPO/kg diet; and BRP1.5: basal diet + 0.75 g BPO + 0.75 g RPO/kg diet. Rabbits fed the highest level of BRP mixture were the heaviest, while the control rabbits were the lightest. During 5–9 weeks of age, a gradual improvement in feed conversion ratio (FCR) was noticed with increasing BRP level. The control group excelled all BRP groups regarding the majority of blood haematological parameters. Liver function was better in rabbits fed BRP enriched diets than the control. A gradual depression (p < 0.05 or 0.01) in serum lipids regardless high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) were recorded with elevating BRP level in the diet. The supplementation of BRP mixture enhanced the immune function and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and depressed serum malondialdehyde (MDA) in comparison with control. It could be concluded that dietary BRP mixture can affect some of growth traits, improve the immunity and antioxidant parameters, lower lipid profile and lipid peroxidation. Based on the study results, the recommended level of BRP mixture is 1.5 g/kg diet.