静松灵对犬和兔心血管系统影响的研究

给犬肌注静松灵4mg/kg或10mg/kg后,其心率和心输出立即下降,继而低剂量组逐渐恢复,高剂量组较长时间持续在最低水平;呼吸性窦性心律不齐,Ⅱ、Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞(高剂量组持续时间较长),心室传导无影响;动脉压和左心室收缩压变化较小;中心静脉压、左心室舒张末压和外周血管总阻力先升高后降低;心肌收缩力指标dp/dt_(amx)、V(?);V_(amx)和P—dp/dt均呈现长时间下降。兔离体心脏给予静松灵1ml(1μg/ml或10μg/ml)后,心率和冠脉流量均明显下降,心肌收缩呈现短暂抑制,然后加强。这些作用在高浓度组持续时间较长。     

Species Differences in the Susceptibility of Erythrocytes Exposed to Free Radicals In Vitro

The susceptibility of human, cow, pig, sheep and rabbit erythrocytes to free radicals (peroxyl radicals) generated in vitro by 2,2-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH) was evaluated by means of a haemolysis test and expressed as the time to 50% of maximal haemolysis (HT₅₀). The most sensitive to damage by free radicals appeared to be the erythrocytes of pigs and sheep, their HT₅₀ values being (mean±SEM) 85.1±1.28 min and 89.0±1.31 min, respectively. Human erythrocytes and those of cows and rabbits were about twice as resistant, their HT₅₀ values being (mean±SEM) 174.3±1.53 min, 181.2±1.22 min and 183.4±2.54 min, respectively. Pig and sheep erythrocytes used in the haemolysis test provided an indication of the antioxidant status in a shorter time (2.5 h versus 4.5 h) than those of the other species studied. The results indicate that the HT₅₀ test may be a convenient alternative to the osmotic resistance test for defining the antioxidant resistance of erythrocytes.     

Malignant B-cell lymphoma of the Harder's gland in a rabbit

A 22-month-old, female rabbit was presented with a 1-day history of acute unilateral exophthalmos. Ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) of the orbit revealed an orbital mass. Retrobulbar lymphoma was diagnosed following fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Thoracic radiographs were normal, and ultrasonography of the abdomen showed focal hypoechoic thickening of the bowel wall and hypoechoic enlarged lymph nodes. The rabbit was euthanized and histopathology identified the retrobulbar mass as B-cell malignant lymphoma of the Harder's gland. Mesenteric lymph nodes, caecum, and both kidneys were also affected. This is the first documented case of malignant lymphoma of the Harder's gland in a rabbit.     

Immunohistochemical identification of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in phacoclastic uveitis in four rabbits

PURPOSE: Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a microsporidium with a wide range of mammalian hosts. In rabbits it can be responsible for cataract and lens-induced uveitis (LIU). The aim of this study was to provide specific immunohistochemical demonstration and localization of E. cuniculi within the eye, in rabbits with LIU. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four rabbits were presented with a white mass in the eye and iris discoloration. Complete ophthalmic examinations were performed and a presumptive diagnosis of LIU was made in all cases. Initial therapy with a topical steroid, atropine and systemic enrofloxacin was instituted while serologic (IFA or ICA tests) and cytologic lab results were pending. The final outcome in all cases was enucleation. Routine histology and immunohistochemistry (ABC method) with an antiserum anti-Encephalitozoon cuniculi were performed. RESULTS: Indirect immunofluorescence performed on one rabbit serum expressed a titer of 1 : 32; carbon immunoassay on the serum of the other three rabbits expressed a titer of 1 : 5120 in one, and a titer of 1 : 2560 in the other two cases. Histologically, an intraocular, locally extensive pyogranulomatous infiltration that partially filled the posterior chamber, encasing a wide anterior lens capsule break, was detected in all cases. Immunohistochemically, spores reacting with anti-Encephalitozoon cuniculi antiserum were present in all specimens, occasionally within macrophages and lens epithelial cells. CONCLUSION: Detection of E. cuniculi in rabbits with phacoclastic uveitis has been investigated in the past with different methods. Based on our results, we suggest that immunohistochemistry should be regarded as a useful tool both for specific demonstration of E. cuniculi and for its localization within tissues.     

Assessment of ketamine and medetomidine anaesthesia in the domestic rabbit

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of ketamine and two doses of medetomidine administered by two routes of injection in a genetically diverse population of rabbits. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, clinical trial. ANIMALS: One hundred and five domestic rabbits of mixed breed, sex and age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rabbits undergoing orchiectomy or ovariohysterectomy received ketamine (15 mg kg(-1)) combined with medetomidine at 0.25 or 0.5 mg kg(-1), by subcutaneous (SC) or intramuscular (IM) injection. Anaesthesia was supplemented with 1.5-2% isoflurane when signs of regular jaw movements and/or slight limb twitching indicated inadequate anaesthesia. Heart and respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration and rectal temperature were monitored at several time points. Duration of surgical anaesthesia and anaesthesia time were measured. At completion of surgery, atipamezole (1.0 or 0.5 mg kg(-1), IM or SC) was administered. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: MANOVA was used to compare variables over time between males and females, anaesthetic doses and routes of drug administration. RESULTS: All reflexes were lost significantly more rapidly after IM drug administration (p < 0.05). The times (in minutes) from drug injection to loss of reflexes for the respective groups were: righting reflex: 6.3 (15.0 + 0.25, SC), 5.5 (15.0 + 0.5, SC), 2.9 (15.0 + 0.25, IM) and 2.3 (15.0 + 0.5, IM); ear pinch: 9.2, 8.5, 4.8, 3.6; pedal withdrawal: 12.8, 10.4, 6.6, 5.2. Heart and respiratory rates during surgery did not differ between groups, however the highest end-tidal CO(2) concentration during surgery was significantly affected by dose, with the highest concentration occurring in group 15.0 + 0.5 IM. The number of animals requiring isoflurane tended to decrease with increasing dose of anaesthetic and significantly more females required supplementation than males (p < 0.05). Recovery from anaesthesia (return of righting reflex) was not significantly different between dose groups (p > 0.1) but was more rapid in animals given IM atipamezole (13.6 +/- 13 versus 21 +/- 17, p = 0.037). No anaesthetic-related mortality occurred and all but three animals recovered uneventfully. Five animals were killed whilst under anaesthesia because of unrelated disease. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ketamine-medetomidine combinations reliably produced surgical anaesthesia in domestic rabbits that could easily be deepened for brief periods with low concentrations of isoflurane. Subcutaneous administration was better tolerated, but the speed of induction was slower compared with IM injection. Atipamezole was an effective antagonist and produced most rapid effects when administered IM.     

兔脑胞内原虫病临床病例

临床中,发现兔体重下降,四肢失调,斜颈和麻痹等症状。根据临床症状、组织学检查以及分离到脑胞内原虫,确诊为兔脑胞内原虫病。发病率和致死率分别为21.31％和84.61％。     

益母草水煎剂对家兔离体子宫运动性能的影响

采用离体器官实验法 ,将不同状态下的家兔离体子宫置于恒温通气麦氏浴皿培养液中 ,向麦氏浴皿中逐次加入等量不同浓度的益母草水煎剂。通过 BL - New Century生物信号采集处理系统 ,扫描记录子宫平滑肌张力变化情况 ,观察益母草水煎剂对家兔离体子宫运动性能的影响 ,并探讨其作用机理。结果 :益母草水煎剂在浓度为 0 .2 5～ 1.0 0 g/ ml时 ,子宫平滑肌张力随浓度增大而增大 ;益母草水煎剂对怀孕家兔离体子宫的平滑肌收缩作用比空怀家兔离体子宫的平滑肌收缩作用显著 (P<0 .0 1) ,对怀孕家兔经己烯雌酚处理的离体子宫的平滑肌收缩作用比未经己烯雌酚处理的离体子宫平滑肌收缩作用显著 (P<0 .0 1) ;而对空怀家兔是否经己烯雌酚处理时的子宫平滑肌收缩作用差异不显著 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :益母草水煎剂对不同状态下的家兔离体子宫平滑肌收缩均有增强作用。     

兔脑炎原虫病脑组织的病理形态学观察

兔患脑炎原虫病时脑组织的病损主要是特异性肉芽肿和非化脓性脑炎。肉芽肿有３种类型：即上皮细胞性、增生性和坏死性肉芽肿。非化脓性脑炎有局灶性和弥漫性之分。隐性感染病兔的肉芽肿主要位于脑白质，肉芽肿周围有局灶性非化性脑炎变化。有症状病兔的肉芽肿不仅存在于白质，而且累及灰质；非化脓性脑炎弥漫性发生。在脑血管的内皮细胞中发现假囊，小血管中有血栓形成；受累的神经细胞中发现有较多量的脑炎原虫。     

兔脑炎原虫病肾脏病变的病理形态学观察

对97只患脑炎原虫病獭兔的肾脏病变做了系统的病理形态学研究.眼观,可将肾脏病变分为三型:皱缩型、凹陷型和斑点型;镜检,依结缔组织增生的数量、部位和肾组织结构的不同改变而分为贯通型、局灶型和肉芽肿型.     

EM制剂在肉兔生产中的应用效果试验

EM制剂能促进肉兔的生长,提高生产性能,增加经济效益。50 d的试验表明,饲喂EM发酵饲料的试验组 与对照组相比,日均增重提高14.34％,发病死亡率降低42.86％,饲料报酬提高8.82％,毛利润提高31.7％,每只兔增收 毛利0.77元,在生产中具有较高的应用价值。