绿色木霉降解木薯秆产糖及其工艺优化研究

[目的]对绿色木霉降解木薯秆产糖的工艺条件进行研究。[方法]先用绿色木霉初步降解经预处理的木薯秆,再用纤维素酶水解木薯秆,接着采用响应曲面（RSM）结合单因素试验法优化绿色木霉糖化木薯秆的摇瓶发酵条件。[结果]绿色木霉糖化木薯秆最佳工艺为：接种量11 ml孢子悬浮液,装液量100 ml,初始pH 4.6,发酵时间84 h,发酵温度30℃,摇床转速150 r/min,摇瓶瓶口包裹12层纱布。在此条件下,得到最佳产糖量3.06 mg/g木薯秆,比优化前提高了76%。[结论]虽然目前绿色木霉发酵产糖量与纤维素酶水解相比仍有一定差距,但微生物发酵糖化法成本更低廉,操作更简便,具有工业化生产的应用潜力。     

塔里木南缘绿洲下垫面生物物理参数与地表温度相关性研究

以1999年和2009年Landsat TM/ETM+为数据源,塔里木南缘策勒于田地区的三个不同规模的孤立绿洲作为研究对象,基于“植被-不透水层-土壤”地表组成基础,通过归一化线性分解模型计算了植被丰度和不透水层比率分量。研究通过回归分析和区域分析计算了两分量与地表温度之间的相关性和响应关系,对比分析了绿洲尺度对植被丰度、不透水层比率与地表温度之间相关性的影响。结果表明:（1）植被丰度与地表温度在大规模的绿洲下有较显著的负相关关系,但随着绿洲规模的减小,植被丰度与地表温度之间相关性逐步减弱（R²从0.5～0.6降至0.1～0.2）;不透水层分量与地表温度在大规模的绿洲下有较弱的正相关关系,而随着绿洲规模的减小,其相关性几近于零（R²从0.18～0.36降为0.002～0.04）;（2）随着植被丰度的增加,绿洲区域温度最大值和最小值受影响较小,而温度均值有明显的减弱;随着不透水层分量的增加,区域地表最低温度有明显的上升。     

Optimization of an artificial neural network topology using coupled response surface methodology and genetic algorithm for fluidized bed drying

In this study, an integrated response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm (GA) are recommended for developing artificial neural networks (ANNs) with great chances to be an optimal one. A multi-layer feed forward (MLFF) ANN was applied to correlate the outputs (energy and exergy) to the four exogenous inputs (drying time, drying air temperature, carrot cubes size, and bed depth). The RSM was used to build the relationship between the input parameters and output responses, and used as the fitness function to measure the fitness value of the GA approach. In the relationship building, five variables were used (number of neurons, momentum coefficient and step size in the hidden layer, number of epochs and number of training times). A polynomial model was developed from training results to mean square error (MSE) of 50 developed ANNs to generate 3D response surfaces and contour plots. Finally, GA was applied to find the optimal topology of ANN. The ANN topology had minimum MSE when the number of neurons in the hidden layer, momentum coefficient, step size, number of training epochs and training times were 28, 0.66, 0.35, 2877 and 3, respectively. The energy and exergy of carrot cubes during fluidized bed drying were predicted with R² values of greater than 0.97 using optimal ANN topology.     

A novel methodology for the monitoring of the agricultural production process based on wireless sensor networks

Precision agriculture is a field which provides one of the most suitable scenarios for the deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The particular characteristics of agricultural environments - which may vary significantly with location - make WSNs a key technology able to provide accurate knowledge to farmers. This knowledge represents a valuable resource because it enables real-time decision making with regard to issues such as establishing water saving policies while providing adequate irrigation and choosing the right time to harvest the fruit based on its maturity.This article proposes a methodology consisting of a set of well-defined phases that cover the complete life cycle of WSN applications for agricultural monitoring. We have studied different existing real-world scenarios where WSNs are being applied. Based on this study we have discovered that there exist significant commonalities but no methodology that specifies the best practices that should be used in the general, crop-independent case. The lack of a general methodology negatively impacts the amount of effort, development time, and cost of developing applications.     

大豆蛋白胶胶膜粘结乒乓球拍底板的条件探讨

为了更方便地粘结制作乒乓球拍底板,提出用大豆蛋白胶胶膜代替液体胶概念,并通过单因素和响应面设计法从胶膜厚度、胶膜含水率、乒乓球拍底板含水率等方面对胶膜粘结木板的条件进行探讨。最佳条件为胶膜厚度0.15 mm、胶膜含水率11%、乒乓球底板含水率10%,在此条件下制作胶合板,测得胶膜的胶合强度为1.483 02 MPa。     

响应面分析法优化柿叶总黄酮提取工艺

[目的]优化柿叶（FOLIUM KAKI）总黄酮的提取工艺。[方法]在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面分析法对影响柿叶总黄酮提取率的主要因素（提取温度、料液比和乙醇体积分数）进行优化,建立了影响因素与响应值之间的函数关系。[结果]柿叶总黄酮最佳提取工艺为：提取温度74.05℃,料液比1∶35.01,乙醇体积分数65.78%,在此条件下,提取率最高达4.041%。[结论]采用响应面法对柿叶总黄酮的提取条件进行优化合理可靠。     

竹活性炭比表面积及其孔径对TiO_2/BAC光催化降解甲醛性能的影响

[目的]研究竹活性炭比表面积及其孔径对TiO2/BAC光催化降解甲醛性能的影响。[方法]以竹子为原料,按照不同浸渍比,用磷酸活化法制备不同孔径和比表面积的系列竹活性炭（BAC）作为载体;通过溶胶凝胶法制备负载型光催化剂（TiO2/BAC）,以水溶液中的甲醛作为目标污染物,考察所得的一系列负载型光催化剂的光催化性能;采用氮气吸附、SEM进行表征,研究了竹活性炭的孔径和比表面积对负载型光催化剂性能的影响。[结果]竹活性炭吸附和TiO2光解的协同效应使TiO2/BAC光催化剂对水溶液中甲醛的处理效率显著提高;比表面积较大、微孔较多、平均孔径为2~3 nm的竹活性炭有利于TiO2的负载,制备得到的复合光催化活性较高。[结论]为TiO2光催化剂的固化负载研究提供了理论依据。     

响应面法优化叶下珠黄酮提取工艺

[目的]利用响应面分析法优化叶下珠黄酮的提取工艺。[方法]根据Box-Benhnken中心组合设计原理,以提取温度、提取时间、料液比三个因素为自变量,黄酮的提取得率为响应值,设计了3因素3水平响应面分析试验,来确定叶下珠黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件。[结果]叶下珠黄酮最佳提取工艺条件为：料液比1∶18,提取温度66℃,提取时间140 min,在此工艺条件下,叶下珠黄酮的提取得率可达到2.43%。[结论]该研究可为叶下珠资源的工业化生产提供理论依据和参考数据。     

白假丝酵母脂肪酶CaLIP5在毕赤酵母X33中的优化重组表达

[目的]研究新的脂肪酶及优化脂肪酶发酵培养条件。[方法]在毕赤酵母X33系统中重组表达白假丝酵母脂肪酶CaLIP5。利用响应面分析法,构建了CaLIP5的酶活回归方程。[结果]由响应面分析可知,在温度25．71oC,pH8．33,酵母提取物浓度1．28％和葡萄糖浓度4．06％时,预测最大酶活为8．33U／ml。试验验证酶活为9．24U／ml。实际试验值与模型预测值基本一致。优化后的酶活提高了22．22％。[结论]在优化的培养条件下,可以获得毕赤酵母X33重组表达CaLIP5的最大酶活。     

河北省蔚县甸子梁夷平面的科学价值与开发保护

河北省蔚县甸子梁夷平面具有重大的科学价值,且其旅游开发潜力巨大。对其开发和保护的相应理念与措施作了介绍。