红锥大树移植关键技术研究

对红锥（Castanopisis hystrix）基因库中805株大树进行批量移植,移植3个月的成活率为96%。制定科学合理的方案设计是大树成功移植的保证,其中移植时间、起苗时根和叶的处理、运输、定植后的水分管理等是红椎大树移植的关键技术。     

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of ramipril and ramiprilat in healthy dogs and dogs with reduced glomerular filtration rate

Ramipril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for use in dogs, is converted in vivo to its active form, ramiprilat, which is eliminated in the bile and urine in the dog. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) of ramipril and ramiprilat. Ten adult Beagle dogs were used. PK/PD studies were performed before and after the induction of subclinical renal impairment. Ramiprilat was given at 0.25 mg/kg by a single IV bolus. After a 2-week washout period, ramipril was administered PO at 0.25 mg/kg once daily for 8 days. Ramipril and ramiprilat PKs were studied by using a physiologically based model. The relationship between free plasma ramiprilat concentration and ACE activity was described by using the fractional Hill model. Glomerular filtration rate was decreased by 58%. No biologically relevant changes in usual plasma variables were observed between the 1st and the 8th day of oral treatment with ramipril under either condition. After an IV bolus of ramiprilat, the only changes in renal-impaired dogs were a 14 and 49% decrease in clearance of the free fraction of ramiprilat (P < .01) and free plasma concentration required to produce 50% of the maximal effect (P < .05), respectively. After repeated PO administration of ramipril, there were no alterations in any of the PK and PD parameters in healthy or renal-impaired dogs. No adjustment of the recommended PO dosage of ramipril is needed in dogs with moderate renal impairment.     

园林苗木移植“理实一体化”教学探讨

"理实一体化"教学模式只有融入"企业元素",才赋有其真正的内涵。《园林植物栽培养护技术》由多个教学模块构成,通过苗木移植教学模块的"理实一体化"教学实践,融入"企业元素"进行教学设计,以工程项目为载体实施教学,构建"多元"评价体系评价教学质量。对"理实一体化"教学模式的实践应用有重要指导意义。     

Sequencing of the Von Hippel-Lindau Gene in Canine Renal Carcinoma

Background: Similarities in human and canine renal cell carcinoma (RCC) epidemiology and biologic behavior suggest that molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis may be similar in both species. Approximately 75% of RCC in people are of the clear cell subtype, up to 85% of which are associated with mutation of the von Hippel-Lindau ( VHL ) gene. The canine VHL coding deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) shares 90% identity with the human VHL gene.
Objective: To determine whether or not RCC in dogs are associated with VHL mutations, and if so determine the prevalence, type, and location of these mutations.
Animals: Thirteen dogs with RCC, 2 dogs with primary renal sarcomas, and 10 dogs without neoplastic kidney disease.
Methods: DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded RCC tissue; DNA extracts from paraffin-embedded and snap-frozen nonneoplastic canine kidneys and canine whole blood were used as negative controls. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the 3 VHL exons was performed, and results compared with the accessioned canine sequence.
Results: All VHL exons were amplified from 9 of 13 canine RCC samples, both renal sarcomas, 8 of 10 nonneoplastic kidney samples, and canine whole blood; only exon 2 could be amplified from 2 RCC samples. Mutations were not identified in any exons. A maximal prevalence of 33.6% for VHL mutations in canine RCC was determined.
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Although similarities between canine and human RCC merit further investigation of the dog as a model for some subtypes of renal tumors, the lower prevalence of VHL mutations suggests that oncogenesis in these 2 species differs.     

犬穿透性角膜移植术后角膜性状的观察分析

随着我国经济的快速发展,宠物犬养殖数量剧增。普通犬以及特殊用途的警犬等,需要进行角膜移植的临床病例日益上升。     

Expression and functional role of p38 MAPK in the kidney after unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats

AIM: To investigate the expression and functional role of p38MAPK in the kidney after unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats. METHODS: Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) models were induced by ligating the left ureter. Rats were sacrificed at 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after UUO was initiated. p38MAPK activity was assayed by immunohistochemical staining and specific substrate phosphorylation with immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. TGFβ mRNA and protein expression were analyzed with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical stainning. RESULTS: A basic p38MAPK activity was detectable in the normal kidney(0.22±0.06).p38MAPK pathway was rapidly act ivated at 1 hour(0.45±0.14 vs control,P<0.05)and this was steadily in creased by 12 hours(0.91±0.07 vs control,P<0.01)after UUO.Afterwards,the activity of p38MAPK reduced grad ually,then increased again from 3 days and this was steadily increased by 7 days(0.93±0.06 vs control,P<0.01). Upregulation of TGFβ₁ was markedly tested at 3 days(13.55±6.33 vs control,P<0.05)and this was steadily in creased by 7 days(26.78 8.77 vs control,P<0.01).The activation of p38MAPK preceded markedly the expression of TGF 1.The early activity of p38 MAPK was positively related to the amount of TGFβ₁ expression.The amount of TGFβ₁ expressed in obstructed kidney also related significant ly to the late activity of p38MAPK(r=0.84,P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The activity of p38MAPK is increased significantly in the obstructed kidney, which may cause renal fibrosis via inducing the expression of TGFβ₁.     

Effect of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell local transplantation on peripheral neovascularization

AIM: To investigate the effect of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) local transplantation (BM-LT) on a rabbit model of hindlimb ischemia. METHODS: After unilateral femoral artery and its branches were surgically ligated and excised in rabbits (n=14) 1 hour or so, autologous BM-MNCs were injected into the ischemic skeletal muscles in 7 rabbits, and phosphate buffered saline for another 7 ones as control. Hemodynamics parameters were measured at day 0, day 7 and day 28, respectively. On day 28, the animals were sacrificed in groups for pathological analysis. RESULTS: Compared with control group, color Doppler flow image in BM-LT group was recovered significantly, and its' systolic peak velocity and end-diastolic velocity were also improved (P<0.05). Resistance index and flow volume were significantly improved on day 28 (P<0.05). A higher capillary density was detected in BM-LT group than that in control group (P<0.01). Ratio of the number of capillary and the number of myocyte fiber were significant difference (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: BM-LT improves peripheral neovascularization. It might provide a new therapeutic method for ischemic peripheral vascular disease.     

牛卵母细胞质内注射体细胞核移植胚的早期发育

研究牛皮肤成纤维细胞的处理方式对卵质内直接注射法构建的核移植胚胎发育的影响，同时比较了MⅡ期与TⅡ期卵母细胞作为受体的效果。结果表明：在细胞核注射前对供体细胞作低渗处理可明显提高胚胎构建的成功率和早期发育能力。牛皮肤成纤维细胞是否作G1／G0期同期化处理，对核移植胚胎的发育没有明显的影响。发现供核细胞在悬浮情况下作休眠处理，所得核移植胚胎的发育能力与贴附休眠的细胞基本相同，且悬浮休眠3d后的细胞无需再作低渗处理便可用作细胞核注射。MⅡ期或TⅡ期卵母细胞作为胞质内核注射受体，对牛体细胞核移植胚胎的早期发育没有明显影响。     

The effects of FTY720 on lymphocytes and monocytes in mouse intestinal transplantation

AIM：To test the effects of FTY720 on mouse intestinal allografts.METHODS：C3H mice（H-2k）were used as donor and C57BL/6 mice (H-2b) as recipients.FTY720 group,allogeneic control group and isogeneic control group were set up.6 and 14 days after transplantation,murine intestinal grafts were harvested for histologic assessment.Lymphocytes were collected from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN),Peyer’s patch (PP),lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in the graft,then were analyzed by cytometry.RESULTS：Rejection was inhibited in FTY720 group at the 6th post-transplant day,although not at the 14th day.Recipient CD4+ and CD8+ T cells,CD19+ B cells,as well as γδ TCR lymphocytes,were greatly reduced by FTY720 therapy.The similar action of FTY720 was also revealed in Gr1+CD11b+ monocytes.CONCLUSION：FTY720 is efficient on alleviating allo-immune response by reducing the infiltration of both lymphocytes and monocytes into the graft in a mouse intestinal transplantation model.